• 미국학
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.27-56
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• 2020

This paper attempts to interpret the meaning of nine gams in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick. It approaches the topic from an organizational identity perspective. It is the theory which asserts the importance of the reference group in the formation of group members' organizational identity. This paper views the gams as the reference groups for the sailors of the Pequod and shows what meanings or questions each gam presents to them. It divides the nine gams into three groups according to their functions in the organizational sense. This paper argues that the extremely dangerous quest of the Pequod is not led by the captain only, but the sailors, who are given many chances to make their decisions after having gams, eventually choose to obey and follow their leader. The tragic end is partly what they choose, after all.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.369-386
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• 2001

This paper will show that traditional approaches to the derivation of different negative words have been of an essentially hypothetical nature, based on either linguists' intuitions or rather scant evidence, and that native-speaker dictionary entries show meaning potentials (rather than meanings) which are in fact linguistic and cognitive prototypes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using a large corpus of natural language can provide better answers to questions about word-formation (i.e., with particular reference to negative prefixation) than any other source of information.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyze the purchasing behavior of fashion goods according to life style and role model of preteen generation, and provide manager or marketing planner for the reference data so that they can understand preteen generation and make proper strategy efficiently. So called, preteen market focusing on 1014 generation (from ten to fourteen years old) is highlighted. This generation created between the year 1989 to 1993 after Seoul Olympic monopolize parent's love in abundant economic environment and rise to the core of consumption subject. Products aiming at this preteen generation continuously though consumption mind was shrunk greatly due to recession. Only 2~3 years before preteen market was regarded as grey zone which doesn't belong to not only children (between six and nine years old) but also teenagers (between fifteen to eighteen years old). But in recent day their purchasing powers have increased rapidly and age group is divided on details, so that preteen market has become a niche market. Subjects were 333 persons consisting of students in the 4th~6th grade of primary school and the 1st~2nd grade of middle school in Daegu city. Measuring instruments are as follows: 5questions to differentiate preteen generation, 22 questions to measure life style, 17questions (which have six sub-factors such as purchase motive, factor of product selection, utilization of informant, purchase time, purchase place, and purchase method) to measure the purchase behavior of fashion goods measurement, and 16 questions (which have four sub-factors such as parent, entertainer & sports stars, brothers and sisters, friends) to measure model of role. Statistical data were processed by SPSS 10.0 programs. Frequencies, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, ANOVA, Cross analysis, Multiplex regression analysis, and Duncan's multiple range test were carried out.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the questions in the shoulder and elbow section of the Korean Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (KOITE) and compare them with those of the US Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (US OITE). Methods: Twenty-nine questions in the shoulder and elbow section of the KOITE from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed and compared with those of the US OITE (80 questions) by literature review. A thorough analysis of the contents was performed after categorizing as topics, diagnostic tools, treatment modalities, taxonomic classification, and references. Results: The shoulder and elbow section of the KOITE was 5.8% weight which was similar to the US OITE (5.9%). The most commonly appearing topic was anterior labral injury (17.2%) on the KOITE compared to instability and arthritis (21.3%, each) on the US OITE. Magnetic resonance imaging was most frequently appeared imaging modality on the KOITE (41.0%) compared to the radiograph on the US OITE (43.0%). The Latarjet procedure was the most commonly asked treatment modality (22.2%) on the KOITE, whereas arthroplasty (33.3%) on the US OITE. The KOITE showed an even taxonomic classification distribution compared to the US OITE. Campbell's operative orthopaedics covered 96.6% questions as a reference on the KOITE compared to the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume on the US OITE, which covered 45.0%. Conclusions: This specific analysis shows us current trends of the shoulder and elbow section of the KOITE and it might be developed for use in the educational curricula for the trainee.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

LMS 기반의 온라인 평가를 위해 출제되는 문제들은 교수자가 직접 출제하거나 또는 카테고리별로 나뉘어진 문제은행에서 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 방식을 주로 이용한다. 이중에서 난이도에 따른 자동출제 방식은 평가자들에게 출제되는 문제가 서로 다를수 있기 때문에 무엇보다 객관적이고 효율적인 방법으로 문제의 난이도를 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 문제의 정답률뿐만 아니라 해당 문제를 해결하는데 사용된 소요시간을 같이 고려한 난이도 재조정 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이를 위해 머신러닝의 로지스틱 회귀 분류 알고리즘을 이용하였으며, 학습모델의 예측 확률값을 기반으로 기준 임계값을 설정하여 각 문항별 난이도 재조정에 활용하였다. 그 결과 정답률에만 의존한 문항별 난이도에 많은 변화가 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 조정된 난이도의 문제를 이용하여 그룹별 평가를 수행한 결과, 정답률 기반의 난이도 문제에 비해서 대부분의 그룹에서 평균 점수가 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.717-727
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic data on ways to facilitate effective communication between patients and dental hygienists, to improve the job satisfaction of dental hygienists, and to reduce the turnover rate among dental hygienists. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the perception of dental hygienists' emotional labor was conducted targeting patients and dental hygienists. Methods: Data were collected from August 1 to September 20, 2018, from 367 participants, including 216 dental hygienists and 151 patients residing in Gwangju, Jeonnam. Using the co-orientation model, their perception of dental hygienists' emotional labor was analyzed through the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: With reference to objective consistency, patients showed a higher perception of dental hygienists' emotional labor than dental hygienists did, indicating that the former perceived the emotional labor more negatively. Regarding accuracy, there were significant differences in dental hygienists' response to six questions, while the same was observed for 11 questions for patients. Thus, the accuracy of dental hygienists was relatively higher than that of patients. Conclusions: To help dental hygienists perform dental health prevention activities more actively, consistently, and happily, and to establish commitment and professionalism in dental hygienists to enhance national dental health. Additionally, it would be necessary to sustain continuous research interest on measures for understanding the co-oriented relationship between patients and dental hygienists, and to solve the negative elements of dental hygienists' emotional labor.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제17권
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• pp.49-83
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• 1989

A Full text retrieval system is a natural language document retrieval system in which the full text of all documents in a collection is stored on a computer so that every word in every sentence of every document can be located by the machine. This kind of IR System is recently becoming rapidly available online in the field of legal, newspaper, journal and reference book indexing. Increased research interest has been in this field. In this paper, research on full text databases and retrieval systems are reviewed, directions for research in this field are speculated, questions in the field that need answering are considered, and variables affecting online full text retrieval and various role that variables play in a research study are described. Two obvious research questions in full text retrieval have been how full text retrieval performs and how to improve the retrieval performance of full text databases. Research to improve the retrieval performance has been incorporated with ranking or weighting algorithms based on word occurrences, combined menu-driven and query-driven systems, and improvement of computer architectures and record structure for databases. Recent increase in the number of full text databases with various sizes, forms and subject matters, and recent development in computer architecture artificial intelligence, and videodisc technology promise new direction of its research and scholarly growth. Studies on the interrelationship between every elements of the full text retrieval situation and the relationship between each elements and retrieval performance may give a professional view in theory and practice of full text retrieval.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.459-468
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), a set of reference intake values, have served as a basis for guiding a balanced diet that promotes health and prevents disease in the general Korean population. In the process of developing DRIs, a systematic review has played an important role in helping the DRI committees make evidence-based and transparent decisions for updating the next DRIs. Thus, the 2015 KDRI steering committee applied the systematic review framework to the revision process of the KDRIs. The purpose of this article is to summarize the revision process for the 2015 KDRIs by focusing on the systematic review framework. MATERIALS/METHODS: The methods used to develop the systematic review framework for 2015 KDRIs followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center. The framework for systematic review of the 2015 KDRIs comprised of the 3 following steps: (1) development of an analytic framework and refinement of key questions and search terms; (2) literature search and data extraction; and, (3) appraisal of the literature and summarizing the results. RESULTS: A total of 203,237 studies were retrieved through the above procedure, with 2,324 of these studies included in the analysis. General information, main results, comments of reviewers, and results of quality assessment were extracted and organized by study design. The average points of quality appraisals were 3.0 (range, 0-5) points for intervention, 6.1 (0-9) points for cohort, 6.0 (3-9) points for nested case-control, 5.4 (1-8) points for case-control, 14.6 (0-22) points for cross-sectional studies, and 7.0 (0-11) points for reviews. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic review helped to establish the 2015 KDRIs as a useful tool for evidence-based approach. Collaborative efforts to improve the framework for systematic review should be continued for future KDRIs.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

본 연구는 가상훈련 학습자의 가상훈련 콘텐츠 활용 만족도를 측정하는 도구 개발 및 타당화하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 K대학교 온라인평생교육원에서 2011년부터 2022년까지 가상훈련 만족도로 활용한 문항을 토대로 기초문항을 도출하였다. 이후, K대학교 온라인평생교육원 포털 STEP에 접근한 학습자를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 성실하게 응답한 총 491부를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 최종 사용한 491부의 자료는 기초문항분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 확인적 요인분석 등의 방법으로 분석하였다. 첫째, 기초문항분석에서 평균 4점이상, 왜도 ±2, 첨도 ±4이상의 수용기준을 벗어난 문항은 없었다. 둘째, 탐색적 요인분석 실시 후 도출된 가상훈련 콘텐츠 만족도 하위요인별 상관계수는 r=.682 ~ .822(p<.01)로 나타나 양호하였다. 하위요인별 신뢰도 계수는 콘텐츠 내용 .849, 콘텐츠 활용 .922, 시스템 및 운영지원 .841, 활용지속의향 .920, 전체신뢰도는 .956로 매우 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 확인적 요인분석 결과, 구성개념도는 .842 ~ .926로 나타나 추천기준치인 .7보다 높았으며, 평균분산추출도 .640 ~ .796으로 나타나 추천기준치인 .5보다 높아 각각 구성개념에 대한 대표성을 갖고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 가상훈련 학습자의 콘텐츠 만족도 구인 타당성을 검증한 결과로 콘텐츠 내용, 콘텐츠 활용, 시스템 및 운영지원, 활용지속의향 등 4개 요인 모형이 도출되었다. 본 연구는 가상훈련 학습자의 콘텐츠 만족도 측정도구를 실증적으로 개발하여 준거 틀과 기준을 제공했다는데 의의가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2777-2782
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to assess criterion validity and external reliability of a questionnaire on risk factors for breast cancer. Materials and Methods. Women with breast cancer diagnosis (the cases) (N=40) and matched individuals without cancer (the controls) (N=40) were asked to fill in a questionnaire twice: on a day of admission to hospital (Q1) and on a day before discharge (Q2), with a time interval of 4-6 days. The questionnaire included questions (N=150) on demographic and socioeconomic factors, diseases in the past, family history of cancer, woman's health, smoking, alcohol use, diet, physical activity, and work environment. Criterion validity of the questionnaire Q2 relative to reference questionnaire Q1 was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC); external reliability of the questionnaire was measured in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 16. Results. The responses to most of the questions on socioeconomic factors, family history on cancer, female health, lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity) correlated substantially in both the cases and the controls with SCC and ICC>0.7 (p<0.01). Statistically non significant relationships defined only between the responses on amount of beer the cases drank at the ages up to 25 years and 26-35 years as well as time of use of estrogen and estrogens-progestin during menopause by the cases. Moderate and substantial SCC and ICC were determined for different food items. Only the response of the cases on veal consumption did not correlate significantly. Conclusions. The questionnaire on breast cancer risk factors is valid and reliable for most of the questions included.