• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 1996

The general formulas of average fraction inspected, average sample number and average outgoing quality in n-level skip-lot sampling plan are derived. Average sample number and average outgoing quality of a reference plan, three-level, five-level and ten-level skip-lot sampling plans are compared.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.569-593
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the theoretical systems concerning the necessity, methods, contents, and institutions of the continuing education for academic reference librarians in Korea, and to present a direction after performing a survey research to the librarians and grasping the phenomena on the basis of the system. The necessity, participation, contents, and performing institutions of continuing education were examined in detail, and the correlations among the sub-groups divided by gender, age, academic level of study, career as a librarian were analyzed. Also the direction of continuing education for reference librarians was presented on the basis of the analysis. On the basis of the analyzed contents, the following three methods for an ideal form to the continuing education of the reference librarians were presented in this thesis. 1) It is desirable that the continuing educations are performed at a professionalized institutions such as a library and information science department in a college and an education center for librarians which offers the Certificates of Advanced Study(CAS) as a librarian. 2) It is necessary to develop the various types of educational program in which a working reference librarian may take more chances to study during vacation, weekends, or in the evening time. 3) It is necessary to develop the proper educational contents that reference librarians want, and to educate the librarians in order for them to keep pace with the change of times.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2005

The non-minimum phase characteristic of a flexible manipulator makes tracking control of its tip difficult. The level of the tip tracking performance of a flexible manipulator is significantly affected by the characteristics of the tip reference trajectory as well as the characteristics of the flexible manipulator system. This paper addresses the question of how to best specify a reference trajectory for the tip of a flexible manipulator to follow in order to achieve the objectives of reducing : tip tracking error, residual tip vibration, and the required actuation effort at the manipulator joint. A novel method of tip-based learning controller for the flexible manipulator system is proposed in the paper, where a model of the flexible manipulator system with a command shaping filter is used to generate a smooth and realizable tip reference trajectory for a tip-based learning controller.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.305-343
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• 1995

The purposes of this study are to confirm the applicability of the unobtrusive evaluation to Korean libraries, to develop survey forms, check lists and evaluation criteria appropriate for Korean libraries, to analyze the relationship between the test variables and the performance level, to find out the causes of poor service if any, and to propose measures for improving the quality of reference services. The main results of the analyses are as follows : $\cdot$ The accuracy of answers was correlated to appropriateness of search process, way of providing answer, usage of language, approachability and use of second materials in the order named. That is, there was a strong correlation between accuracy and the variables related to librarian's behavior. $\cdot$ There was no statistically significant relationship between accuracy and the environmental aspects of reference department such as number of professional librarians, self-evaluation of reference collection, etc. $\cdot$ The main reasons for failing to give accurate answers were found to be weaknesses in understanding questions. developing search strategy logically and relating the querries to available information sources.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 1994

A RMFSOC(Reference Model Following Self-Organizing Fuzzy Logic Controller) is propose in this paper. In the RMFSOC, the refernce model is introduced, where the desired control performance can be specified by an operator of the controlled process. The self-organizing level of the RMFSOC organizes the control rules of FLC which make the process output follow the reference model output. In addition, for the use of preventing improper modifications of control rules, a complementary decission rule is induced from the possible relations between the process output and reference model output. Through a simulation study, it is shown that the robustness of the control system using the proposed RMFSOC to the set-point changes and distur bances can be greatly improved being conpared with that of the control system using the Procyk and Mamdani's SOC.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.221-242
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• 2021

기존의 한국형 기준 처분시스템의 처분 효율을 높인 향상된 한국형 기준 처분시스템(Improved Korean Reference Disposal System, KRS⁺)의 열-수리-역학적 복합거동 성능평가를 위해 TOUGH2-MP/FLAC3D를 이용한 수치모델링 연구가 수행되었다. 사용후핵연료 처분 이후 방사성 붕괴열에 의해 처분시스템의 온도가 상승하고, 방사성 붕괴열이 빠르게 감소함에 따라 온도가 감소하여 최대 온도가 설계기준 온도인 100℃를 넘지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 완충재의 초기 포화도는 온도 상승으로 인한 공극수의 증발로 인해 감소하였다가 주변 암반으로부터 지하수가 유입되어 처분 약 250년 후 포화 상태에 이르렀다. 암반에서는 완충재와 암반의 흡입력의 차이로 인해 암반에서 완충재로 지하수가 유입되어 처분 직후 포화도가 감소하다가 이후 원계 암반으로부터 지하수가 유입되어 포화 상태에 도달했다. 처분시스템 내 열응력과 팽윤압 발생에 의한 주변 암반의 파괴 가능성을 평가하고자 모어-쿨롱 파괴기준식과 스폴링 강도를 사용하였다. KRS⁺ 처분시스템의 처분공의 간격을 감소시키면서 처분시스템의 열적 거동 변화를 확인하였는데, 처분공 간격이 5.5 m 이하에서는 완충재의 설계 기준 온도를 초과하게 된다. 다만, 벤토나이트 완충재 부피의 56.1%의 온도는 90℃ 이하로 유지되었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 수치해석 기법은 향후 응력 모델, 지온 경사 및 입력 물성을 변화시킨 다양한 조건에서의 처분시스템의 THM 복합거동 성능평가에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.405-410
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• 2004

In mid-90's, the Korean government introduced the GIS(Geographic Information System) to digitalize every topography of national land and thereby, index locations and attributes of various urban facilities to construct a system whereby every information could be managed and operated in an integrated way, but the reliability of such geographic information has yet to be tested, much less its modification, complementation and maintenance. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at constructing a reference point infrastructure for Seoul and Kyonggi area and comparing the data obtained from the GPS operation and various facility location data with the existing GIS data to address the problems of GIS operation and suggest their solutions. As a result of calculating the GPS reference point data and analyzing the deviations of the unknown point data in comparison with the fixed point ones, it was found that the horizontal location values were reliable within +/- 5cm, but that the above-sea level values varied as much as 1.4m depending on the deployment of pre-set fixed points determined by the direct level gauging. In addition, as a result of directly surveying major facilities around the roads based on the coordinates of the urban reference points networked with such a reference point system to check their conformity to existing data, it was confirmed that the difference was as wide as 2m. Such differences may be attributable to the fact that the data with their geographic information not confirmed are used as basic data for GIS. Hence, this study suggests the ways to set the absolute geographic data based on reference points and test the reliability of existing data and thereby, suggests a methods to solve the problems.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권sup1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is produced in the skin during sun exposure and is also ingested from foods. The role of vitamin D needs to be considered in the prevention and management of various diseases. Moreover, since the majority of Koreans spend their days indoors, becoming susceptible to the risk of vitamin D deficiency. The current study aims to prepare a basis for determining dietary reference intake of vitamin D in Korea, by reviewing the evidence against various diseases and risks. MATERIALS/METHODS: Literature published in Korea and other countries between 2014 and 2018 was prioritized based on their study design and other criteria, and evaluated using the RoB 2.0 assessment form and United States Department of Agriculture Nutrition Evidence Library Conclusion Statement Evaluation Criteria. RESULTS: Of the 1,709 studies, 128 studies were included in the final systematic analysis after screening. To set the dietary reference intakes of vitamin D based on the selected articles, blood 25(OH)D levels and indicators of bone health were used collectively. Blood vitamin D levels and ultraviolet (UV) exposure time derived from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to establish the dietary reference intakes of vitamin D for each stage of the life cycle. The adequate intake levels of vitamin D, according to age and gender, were determined to be in the range of 5-15 ㎍/day, and the tolerable upper intake level was established at 25-100 ㎍/day. CONCLUSIONS: The most important variable for vitamin D nutrition is lifestyle. A balanced diet comprising foods with high contents of vitamin D is important, as is vitamin D synthesis after UV exposure. The adequate intake level of vitamin D mentioned in the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRI) remained unchanged in the 2020 KDRI for the management of vitamin D nutrition in Koreans.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2023

Purpose: Prolactin in the blood is separated into three types, and over 90% of prolactin presents as a double monomer (23 KDa). Rarely, it can exist in the size of big prolactin (150 KDa), which is called macroprolactin and is known as an autoantibody complex. When macroprolactin accounts for more than 60% of prolactin in the blood, it is called macroprolactinemia. The presence of such macroprolactin was first reported in a patient with hyperprolactinemia but without typical symptoms. Macroprolactinemia is emerging as an important cause of idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method using the property of precipitating large-molecular-weight proteins is simple and recently has been widely used as a screening test. The results are in good agreement with the results of gel chromatography. The purpose of this study was to confirm the measurement method and reference value verification of monomeric prolactin in blood prolactin using the PEG precipitation method. Materials and Methods: For 40 examinees who visited the Gangnam Center of Seoul National University Hospital in 2021, the prolactin level was verified using radioimmunoassay (RIA). For macroprolactinemia PEG precipitation method, 25% PEG (molecular weight 6000kDa) solution and serum were mixed in equal amounts in a test tube, then left at room temperature for 20 minutes and centrifuged at 4℃ for 30 minutes (1500g). The prolactin level was measured in the supernatant. Results : After confirming that more than 90% of the 40 tested samples within the reference range <25 ng/mL, the same value as the reference value for prolactin was applied. Since the concentration of monomeric prolactin in serum from which macroprolactin has been removed from blood is diluted 1:1 with PEG, our laboratory is currently reporting the result by multiplying the result by a dilution factor of 2. Conclusion: Radioimmunoassay using PEG precipitation method using the property of precipitating large molecular weight proteins is simple and effective for quantitative measurement of monomeric prolactin in blood prolactin.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2016

소아는 방사선 감수성이 어른에 비해 높고 몸의 크기가 작아 어른과 같은 양의 방사선에 노출 되더라도 유효선량은 어른에 비해 더 높기 때문에 불필요한 피폭 방사선량을 줄이는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소아 두부 CT 검사에 있어서 피폭 방사선량을 경감할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 부산지역 병원들에서 시행된 년 간 소아 두부 CT 검사에 대한 CT 선량지표(CTDI)를 국내 진단참고준위와 비교하여 분석함으로써 제안점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 부산시내에 설치된 CT 장비 중 소아 두부 CT 검사를 시행하며, 선량보고서를 PACS로 전송하는 24개 병원 28대 CT 장비를 대상으로 하여 소아 두부 CT 검사를 의뢰받은 10세 미만의 소아 2,043명을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과적으로 전체병원의 소아 두부 CT의 선량지표 CTDIvol의 평균값은 31.18 mGy, DLP는 $444.73mGy{\cdot}cm$로 나타나 진단참고준위를 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 연령이 낮을수록 방사선에 대한 관리가 더욱 필요하다고 할 수 있는데 연구결과 6-10세 이하의 연령에 비해 더 낮은 다른 두 연령별에서 진단참고준위를 초과하는 환자수와 초과되는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 불필요한 방사선 노출을 줄이고 선량관리를 위한 노력들이 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 진단참고준위를 벗어나는 선량의 정도를 파악하고 초과되는 선량지표의 원인을 분석하여 선량감소를 위한 방안을 마련하고자 한다.