• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1B
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

A wetland is an ecosystem which has high species diversity, rich nutritional substances and high productivity. In this study we used the HGM(Hydrogeomorphic) approach among various evaluation models for the assessment of the Hwapo riverine wetland function. HGM is a method which estimates the functional index of a study wetland by comparing it with a reference wetland. In this study the Woopo wetland which is registered in the Ramsar Convention was selected as a reference wetland to assess the functional index of the Hwapo wetland. As the results, we obtained the functional index values over 0.6 for most indices of the Hwapo riverine wetland. Therefore we found that the Hwapo riverine wetland shows relatively high functional index values comparing with the Woopo wetland and it has valuable hydrological, biochemical, plant habitat, and animal habitat functions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.34-50
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• 2024

Objectives: Transformation through a sustainable food system to provide healthy diets is essential for enhancing both human and planetary health. This study aimed to explain about sustainable diets and illustrate appropriate measurement of adherence to sustainable diets using a pre-existing index. Methods: For literature review, we used PubMed and Google Scholar databases by combining the search terms "development," "validation," "sustainable diet," "sustainable diet index," "planetary healthy diet," "EAT-Lancet diet," and "EAT-Lancet reference diet." For data presentation, we used data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-2018, among adults aged 20 years and older (n = 3,920). Sustainable Diet Index-US (SDI-US), comprising four sub-indices corresponding to four dimensions of sustainable diets (nutritional quality, environmental impacts, affordability, and sociocultural practices), was calculated using data from 24-hour dietary recall interview, food expenditures, and food choices. A higher SDI-US score indicated greater adherence to sustainable diets (range: 4-20). This study also presented SDI-US scores according to the sociodemographic status. All analyses accounted for a complex survey design. Results: Of 148 papers, 16 were reviewed. Adherence to sustainable diets fell into 3 categories: EAT-Lancet reference diet-based (n = 8), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) definition-based (n = 4), and no specific guidelines but including the sustainability concept (n = 4). Importantly, FAO definition emphasizes on equal importance of four dimensions of diet (nutrition and health, economic, social and cultural, and environmental). The mean SDI-US score was 13 out of 20 points, and was higher in older, female, and highly educated adults than in their counterparts. Conclusions: This study highlighted that sustainable diets should be assessed using a multidimensional approach because of their complex nature. Currently, SDI can be a good option for operationalizing multidimensional sustainable diets. It is necessary to develop a Korean version of SDI through additional data collection, including environmental impact of food, food price, food budget, and use of ready-made products.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.2
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• pp.23-59
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• 1975

Indexes has not devcloped as an independent branch in library science from the beginning, but it has gradually evolved in a clo~eas sociation with catalog and under the direct influence of the development of publishing pro cesses and of the rapid social changes. Historically, index in the West can be traced back to eariler concordance. On the other hand, index in the Bast does not show a continuous development. It started with book catnlog, but other types of indexing were later 'adopted from the West. Indexing in the West and in the East can be summarized as follows: 1) In the West, Taylor considers Gesner's Pandectae was the first index but the Concordance of the Bible in 1247 was the first true index. Indexing method was first established later in 1545 in Gesner's Partitiones which appeared in three volumes. Classified index appeared after Partitions, but alphabetically ordered index was not developed until th eseventeenth century. The pxiodical index of La France S~auante in 1683 proved -its value, and Poole's An Alphabetical Index in the nineteenth century became the turning point in the development of indexing. After Poole's Index appeared periodical index and book catalog gradually began to be treated separately, and subject index and cross reference were incorporated into indexing. Also dictionary arrangement of the indexed items was adopted in the second half of the nincteenth, century after Charles A. Cutter developed his theory of rules for dictionary catalog and systematic studies of indexing were carried out by many scholars. In the twentieth century, index was mainly developed in the United States of America, especially by Wilson publishing Company. The general trend is to move away from the gcncral index to subject index. Also the ncwspapcr indcx such as The Times I~zdcx is 21 landmark in the history cf indcxing. 2) In China, thcs arc somc cvidcnccs that $Bizgluh(&), $ was the first indcx, but unforlunatcly the book itsclf has not been found as yet.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a performance index that can compare the position estimation performance according to the time slot allocation order, which is superior in the position estimation performance in the operation of the Link-16 based relative navigation system. In order to verify the validity of the performance index, a software-based Link-16 relative navigation system performance analysis platform composed of a signal generator, a signal reception and navigation algorithm execution unit, and a performance analysis unit was designed. Using the designed software platform, we analyzed the relationship between proposed performance index and position estimation performance according to time slot allocation order in the same position reference (PR) arrangement. The performance index of the proposed time slot allocation is expected to be utilized not only for the Link-16 system, but also for the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based navigation system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2021

Vegetation index information is an important figure that is used in many fields such as landscape architecture, urban planning, and environment. Vegetation may vary slightly in vegetation vitality depending on photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. In this study, a range of vegetation worth preserving in the Taehwa River water system was determined, and hyperspectral images of drones were acquired (August, October), and the results were presented through DVI(Normalized Defference Vegetation Index), EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index), PRI(Photochemical Reflectance Index), ARI (Anthocyanin Reflectance Index) index analysis. In addition, field spectral data and VRS-GPS(Virtual Reference System-GPS) surveys were performed to ensure the quality and location accuracy of the spectral band. As a result of the analysis, NDVI and EVI showed low vegetation vitality in October, -0.165 and -0.085, respectively, and PRI and ARI increased to 0.011 and 7.588 in October, respectively. For general vegetation vitality, it was suggested that NDVI and EVI analysis were effectively performed, and PRI and ARI were thought to be effective in analyzing detailed characteristics of plants by spectral band. It is expected that it can be widely used for park design and landscape information modeling by using drone image information construction and vegetation information.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.293-300
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• 2022

This study investigated a graded-refractive-index (GRIN) coating pattern capable of improving the light extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The planar LEDs had total internal reflection thanks to the large difference in refractive index between the LED semiconductor and the surrounding medium (air). The main goal of this paper was to reduce the trapped light inside the LED by controlling the refractive index using various compositions of (TiO₂)_x(SiO₂)_1-x in GRIN LEDs consisting of five dielectric layers. Several types of multilayer LEDs were simulated and it was determined the transmittance value of the LEDs with many layers was greater than the LEDs with less layers. Then, the specific ranges of incident angles of the individual layers which depend on the refractive index were evaluated. According to theoretical calculations, the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the five-layer GRIN is 25.29 %, 28.54 % and 30.22 %, respectively. Consequently, the five-layer GRIN LEDs patterned enhancement outcome LEE over the reference planar LEDs. The results suggest the increased light extraction efficiency is related to the loss of Fresnel transmission and the release of the light mode trapped inside the LED chip by the graded-refractive-index.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.56-60
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• 2016

Body physical technique is to pursuit the dynamic motion by the physical index(PI) and sensory index(SI) on the physical body function. Function of the physical body by the motor condition is organized the dynamic physical system. For the physical motion of signal, we is defined a runout value of the body function by the physical index on the dynamic state. The concept of body physical index was identified the reference of physical index and sensory index by the body technique. As to detect a variation of the body physical technique-runout physical index(BPT-RPI) of the maximum and average and minimum in terms of physical motion, and the dynamic sensory value that was a runout function of the vision variation of the $Vi-{\xi}_{MAX-AVG-MIN}$ with $2.53{\pm}4.85$ units, that was a runout function of the vestibular variation of the $Ve-{\xi}_{MAX-AVG-MIN}$ with ($-0.69{\pm}2.32$)units, that was a runout function of the somatosensory variation of the $So-{\xi}_{MAX-AVG-MIN}$ with ($-1.43{\pm}-1.36$) units. The dynamic physical motion will be to confirm at the variable function of the runout motion for the body function values of dynamic physical index on the BPT-RPI that was identified an evaluation of the physical sensory function by the dynamic physical system. Runout body system was mentioned of a physical body situation by the mild moving and was refer a runout data of dynamic physical nervous index.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1966.11a
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• pp.91.1-91.1
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• 1966

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2023

A 12-year-old Standard Poodle presented with intermittent weakness and occasional dyspnea at the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University. A grade of 4 out of 6 systolic murmur with an irregular tachycardic rhythm was auscultated on both sides of the chest. Systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg. Panting was noticed in the hospital, but there was no crackle sound. Blood analysis revealed mild increases in liver panel levels (alanine aminotransferase 149 [reference interval, 19-70] U/L; and alkaline phosphatase, 185 [reference interval, 15-127] U/L) and severe increases in cardiac biomarker levels (n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 4169 [reference interval, 50-900] pmol/L; and cardiac troponin I, 0.22 [reference interval, 0.03-0.12] ng/mL). On electrocardiography, irregularly irregular supraventricular tachycardic rhythm with an f-wave and no distinct p-wave was observed. Generalized cardiomegaly with an enlarged right atrium and left ventricle was confirmed on thoracic radiography. Moreover, hepatomegaly and an enlarged caudal vena cava were observed. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a fibromuscular diaphragm in the right ventricle. Because of the obstructive lesion in the right ventricle, the right atrium and ventricle were enlarged (right atrial area index, 38.82 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.2-10.2 cm²/m²]; right ventricle end-diastolic area index, 14.152 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.9-10.92 cm²/m²]). Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Pimobendan, furosemide, enalapril, diltiazem, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) were prescribed, and all symptoms were relieved. DCRV is a right-sided congenital heart defect resembling pulmonic valve stenosis. If symptoms are not severe, medical therapy can be facilitated without surgery or the balloon dilation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.841-846
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• 2014

This study proposes a novel optical sensor structure based on a refractometer combining a bend waveguide with an air trench. The optical sensor is a $1{\times}2$ splitter structure with a reference channel and a sensing channel. The reference channel has a straight waveguide. The sensing channel consists of a U-bend waveguide connecting four C-bends, and a trench structure to partially expose the core layer. The U-bend waveguide consists of one C-bend with the maximum optical loss and three C-bends with minimum losses. A trench provides a quantitative measurement environment and is aligned with the sidewall of the C-bend having the maximum loss. The intensity of the output power depends on the change in the refractive index of the measured material. The insertion loss of the proposed optical sensor changes from 3.7 dB to 59.1 dB when the refractive index changes from 1.3852 to 1.4452.