• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2016

정도관리(Quality Control)는 오차를 최소한으로 하여 검사의 신뢰도를 증진 시키는 것을 목적으로 하고 있으며 이러한 정도관리 활동을 통해 환자의 진단과 치료방침에 영향을 주는 핵의학 혈액 검사의 신뢰도가 확보되고 있다. 이에 연구자들은 신뢰도 향상의 추가적인 기법으로 건강검진 수검자를 대상으로 시행한 핵의학 혈액검사의 모집단 분포를 이용한 통계적 품질관리의 유용성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 2014년 1월부터 2014년 12월까지 서울아산병원 건강증진센터를 이용한 건강검진 수검자 41,341명을 대상으로 핵의학 혈액 검사 12종목에 대해 통계 분석을 시행 하였다. 통계분석은 핵의학 혈액 검사 12종목에 대한 결과 보고 치를 참고치 이내, 참고치 이상, 참고치 이하의 세 가지 그룹의 월간 백분율로 구분하여 모집단 분포의 평균값과 표준편차, 그리고 표준편차 지수(Standard Deviation Index: SDI)를 산출 하였고 그 결과 모집단 분포의 표준편차는 모든 그룹에서 대부분 ${\pm}2SD$ 이내의 결과를 보였다. 건강검진 수검자에 대한 핵의학 혈액검사 12종목(AFP, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, PSA, TSH, FT4, Anti-Tg-Ab, Anti-TPO-Ab, Calcitonin, 25-OH-VitD3, Insulin)의 모집단 분포를 분석한 결과 월간 백분율의 표준편차 지수(SDI)가 ${\pm}2.0$ 이상인 경우는, 1월과 3월 Insulin검사에서 각각 2.3, 2.4, 5월 Anti-Tg-Ab검사에서 2.2, 그리고 9월 CA19-9에서 2.2의 결과를 보였다. 이는 검사 Kit 시약의 이상 (동위원소 시약의 최대 결합률 저하), 검사반응 시간의 저하가 원인 이었다. 연구대상이 되는 전체의 속성을 포함하고 모집단 분포의 특성을 이용한 통계적 품질관리는 검사실에서 시행하고 있는 내부정도관리 프로그램을 보완하는 역할을 할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 산업공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2011

This study analyzes a relationship between Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) efficiency scores and a normalization index in order to examine the validity of DEA models. A normalization index concerned in this study is 'sales per R&D project fund' which is regarded as a crucial R&D project performance evaluation index in practice. For this correlation analysis, three distinct DEA models are selected such as DEA basic model, DEA/AR-I revised model(i.e. DEA basic model with Acceptance Region Type I constraints) and Super-Efficiency(SE) model. Especially, SE model is adopted where efficient R&D projects(i.e. Decision Making Units, DMU's) with DEA efficiency score of unity from DEA basic model can be further differentiated in ranks. Considering the non-normality and outliers, two rank correlation coefficients such as Spearman's ${\rho}_s$ and Kendall's ${\tau}_B$ are investigated in addition to Pearson's ${\gamma}$. With an up-to-date empirical massive dataset of n = 482 R&D projects associated with R&D Loan Program of Korea Information Communication Promotion Fund in the year of 2011, statistically significant (+) correlations are verified between the normalization index and every model's DEA efficiency scores with all three correlation coefficients. Especially, the congruence verified in this empirical analysis can be a useful reference for enhancing the practitioner's acceptability onto DEA efficiency scores as a real-world R&D project performance evaluation index.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.500-512
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• 2010

The relationship between food and nutrient intake, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and body weight was investigated with high school girls residing in Seoul. As subjects, 159 girls were divided into a normal weight (NW) group (18.5 kg/$m^2$ $\leq$ BMI < 23 kg/$m^2$, n = 110) and an overweight (OW) group (BMI $\geq$ 23kg/$m^2$, n = 49) by body mass index (BMI). The food and nutrient intake data obtained by the 3-day food record were analyzed by Can pro 3.0 software. Anthropometric measurements were collected from each subject. Daily dietary GI (DGI) and dietary GL (DGL) were calculated from the 3-day food record. Body weights and BMI of NW were 52.4 kg and 20.4 kg/$m^2$ and those of OW were 65.2 kg and 25.4 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Total food, animal food, and other food intakes of NW were higher than those of OW, and vegetable food intakes of NW were lower than those of OW. Sugars intake of NW was significantly higher than OW. Nutrient intakes were not different between the two groups. Dietary fiber, calcium, and folate intakes of NW and OW were under 65% of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Major food sources of energy intake for both groups were rice, pizza, ice cream, pork, instant noodle, and chicken. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was higher in NW (0.82) than in OW (0.80). Mean daily DGI of NW and OW was 66.5 and 66.4, respectively. Mean daily DGL of NW and OW was higher in NW (162.0) than in OW (155.9). DGI and DGL adjusted to energy intake were not significantly correlated with anthropometric data.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2015

경제의 새로운 성장요인으로 중소기업의 역할이 부각됨에 따라 중소기업의 경기를 적절히 파악할 수 있는 지표 개발의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 현재 여러 기관에서 발표하는 중소기업 경기와 관련된 지표들은 대부분 BSI(Business survey index)에 기초하고 있고 주관적 지표에 의존하고 있어 정확한 경기 상황을 충분히 반영한다고 볼 수 없다. 본 연구에서 제시한 새로운 경기지표는 주성분 분석과 가중치 방법으로 통계청의 기준순환 일에 의한 경기 국면을 적절히 반영하고 있다. 제안된 새로운 경기지수는 경기종합지수와 유사한 추세를 보이면서 통계학적 이론에 충실한 지표임을 실증사례 연구로부터 입증한다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2000

분류기법에 의해 원격탐사 영상으로부터 취득된 면속성 수치 지도는 GIS 의사결정자료로 사용되기 이전에 그 정확성에 관한 신뢰도 검증과정을 거쳐야 한다. 분류 정확도를 평가하기 위해서는 오분류행렬(confusion matrix)을 사용하여 전체 정확도, 사용자 정확도, 제작자 정확도 등을 얻게 되는데, 이때 오분류행렬을 구성하기 위해서는 기준자료(reference data)에 대한 표본추출이 이루어져야한다. 기준자료의 표본을 추출하는 기법간의 비교 및 표본 크기를 줄이고자 하는 연구는 많이 이루어져 왔으나, 추출된 표본들간의 거리를 줄임으로서 정확도 평가 비용을 감소시키고자 하는 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 프랙탈 분석을 통하여 기준자료의 표본을 추출하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 기존의 표본추출의 기법과 정확도 차이 및 비용효과 측면을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과 , 프랙탈 분석을 통하여 표본을 추출하는 기법은 그 정확도 추정에 있어 기존의 표본추출 기법과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 추출된 화소들이 가까운 저리에 군집에 있어 비용효과측면에서 유리함을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1369-1377
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• 2020

Objective: The main objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and to appraise the efficiency of ongoing selective breeding program in the closed nucleus herd of Nellore sheep through pedigree analysis. Methods: Information utilized in the study was collected from the pedigree records of Livestock Research Station, Palamaner during the period from 1989 to 2016. Genealogical parameters like generation interval, pedigree completeness, inbreeding level, average relatedness among the animals and genetic conservation index were estimated based on gene origin probabilities. Lambs born during 2012 and 2016 were considered as reference population. Two animal models either with the use of F_i or ΔF_i as linear co-variables were evaluated to know the effects of inbreeding on the growth traits of Nellore sheep. Results: Average generation interval and realized effective population size for the reference cohort were estimated as 3.38±0.10 and 91.56±1.58, respectively and the average inbreeding coefficient for reference population was 3.32%. Similarly, the effective number of founders, ancestors and founder genome equivalent of the reference population were observed as 47, 37, and 22.48, respectively. Fifty per cent of the genetic variability was explained by 14 influential ancestors in the reference cohort. The ratio f_e/f_a obtained in the study was 1.21, which is an indicator of bottlenecks in the population. The number of equivalent generations obtained in the study was 4.23 and this estimate suggested the fair depth of the pedigree. Conclusion: Study suggested that the population had decent levels of genetic diversity and a non-significant influence of inbreeding coefficient on growth traits of Nellore lambs. However, small portion of genetic diversity was lost due to a disproportionate contribution of founders and bottlenecks. Hence, breeding strategies which improve the genetic gain, widens the selection process and with optimum levels of inbreeding are recommended for the herd.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.405-410
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• 2004

In mid-90's, the Korean government introduced the GIS(Geographic Information System) to digitalize every topography of national land and thereby, index locations and attributes of various urban facilities to construct a system whereby every information could be managed and operated in an integrated way, but the reliability of such geographic information has yet to be tested, much less its modification, complementation and maintenance. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at constructing a reference point infrastructure for Seoul and Kyonggi area and comparing the data obtained from the GPS operation and various facility location data with the existing GIS data to address the problems of GIS operation and suggest their solutions. As a result of calculating the GPS reference point data and analyzing the deviations of the unknown point data in comparison with the fixed point ones, it was found that the horizontal location values were reliable within +/- 5cm, but that the above-sea level values varied as much as 1.4m depending on the deployment of pre-set fixed points determined by the direct level gauging. In addition, as a result of directly surveying major facilities around the roads based on the coordinates of the urban reference points networked with such a reference point system to check their conformity to existing data, it was confirmed that the difference was as wide as 2m. Such differences may be attributable to the fact that the data with their geographic information not confirmed are used as basic data for GIS. Hence, this study suggests the ways to set the absolute geographic data based on reference points and test the reliability of existing data and thereby, suggests a methods to solve the problems.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2019

Background: The standardized autonomic function test has become widely available. However, there are no reference data for this test for the Korean population. This study explored reference data for sudomotor and cardiovagal function tests for the Korean population. Methods: The sweat volume by quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, heart-rate response to deep breathing (HRdb), expiration:inspiration (E:I) ratio, and Valsalva ratio (VR) were measured in 297 healthy Korean volunteers aged from 20 to 69 years. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and body mass index on these variables. The 2.5th, 5th, 10th, 90th, 95th, and 97.5th percentile values were obtained for each investigation. Results: The sweat volume was higher in males than in females. The HRdb and E:I ratio were negatively correlated with age, and were higher in males than in females. The VR was negatively correlated with age, but it was not correlated with sex. Conclusions: This study has provided data on the reference ranges for sudomotor and cardiovagal function tests in healthy Korean adults.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 2005년 영국의 BSI(British Standards Institution)에서 인쇄 형태로 출판된 UDC(Universal Decimal Classification)의 표준판과 1973년 한국과학기술정보센터(KORSTIC, Korea Scientific & Technological Information Center)에서 출판된 UDC의 한국어판을 비교 분석하여 한국어판의 개정방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 앞으로 개정될 한국어판은 표준판의 규모로 한국어 간략판과 MRF(Master Reference File)를 바탕으로 표준판의 체제에 따라 본표와 색인으로 된 인쇄판이 되어야하며, 국제적 보편성을 강화하고, 보조표를 통한 조합의 방식을 더욱 확대할 필요가 있음을 제언 하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1424-1433
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) to synthesize an arbitrary non-sinusoidal phase voltage. The key of the proposed method is that the switching vectors used to comprise the reference vectors in the ${\alpha}_1-{\beta}_1$ frame and the ${\alpha}_3-{\beta}_3$ frame are decoupled. In the ${\alpha}_1-{\beta}_1$ frame, the reference vector is comprised by near two large vectors. The corresponding vector comprised by the two vectors in the ${\alpha}_3-{\beta}_3$ frame is considered as a disturbance, which is restrained by close-loop control. In the ${\alpha}_3-{\beta}_3$ frame, there are two methods to comprise the reference vector. Method I is a near two middle vectors method. Method II uses near four vectors (two middle and two little vectors). The proposed SVPWM using decoupled switching vectors can guarantee a maximum modulation index in the ${\alpha}_1-{\beta}_1$ frame. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulated and experimental results under various operation conditions.