• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 2017

"Sarcopenia", sarcopenia is an old age syndrome, and used to describe the reduction of skeletal muscle. Initially, it was thought that sarcopenia was only a senile disease characterized by degeneration of muscle tissue. However, its cause is widely regarded as multifactorial, with neurological decline, hormonal changes, inflammatory pathway activation, declines in activity, chronic illness, fatty infiltration, and poor nutrition, all shown to be contributing factors. Skeletal muscle mass can be measured by a variety of methods, currently, the commonly used methods are dual-energy X-ray scanning (DXA), computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. Muscular skeletal disorders can also be assessed by measuring appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), particularly muscle tissue content. At the same time, sarcopenia refers to skeletal muscle cell denervation, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, hormone synthesis and secretion changes and a series of consequences caused by the above process and is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle syndrome, which can lead to the decrease of muscle strength, physical and functional disorders, and increase the risk of death. Sarcopenia is mainly associated with the aging process, but also related to other causes such as severe malnutrition, neurodegenerative diseases, and disuse and endocrine diseases associated with muscular dystrophy, and it is the comprehensive results of multi-factors, so it is difficult to define that sarcopenia is caused by a specific disease. With the aging problem of the population, the incidence of this disease is increasingly common, and seriously affects the quality of the life of the elderly. This paper reviews the etiology and pathogenesis of myopathy, screening methods and diagnosis, the influence of eating habits, etc, and hopes to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. At present, adequate nutrition and targeted exercise remain the gold standard for the therapy of sarcopenia.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.495-508
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• 2018

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit superelasticity given the ambient temperature is above the austenite finish temperature threshold, the magnitude of which significantly depends on the metal ingredients though. For the monocrystalline CuAlBe SMAs, their superelasticity was found being maintained even when the ambient temperature is down to $-40^{\circ}C$. Thus this makes such SMAs particularly favorable for outdoor seismic applications, such as the framed structures located in cold regions with substantial temperature oscillation. Due to the thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism, the hysteretic properties of SMAs vary with temperature change, primarily including altered material strength and different damping. Thus, this study adopted the monocrystalline CuAlBe SMAs as the kernel component of the SMA braces. To quantify the seismic response characteristics at various temperatures, a wide temperature range from -40 to $40^{\circ}C$ are considered. The middle temperature, $0^{\circ}C$, is artificially selected to be the reference temperature in the performance comparisons, as well the corresponding material properties are used in the seismic design procedure. Both single-degree-of-freedom systems and a six-story braced frame were numerically analyzed by subjecting them to a suite of earthquake ground motions corresponding to the design basis hazard level. To the frame structures, the analytical results show that temperature variation generates minor influence on deformation and energy demands, whereas low temperatures help to reduce acceleration demands. Further, attributed to the excellent superelasticity of the monocrystalline CuAlBe SMAs, the frames successfully maintain recentering capability without leaving residual deformation upon considered earthquakes, even when the temperature is down to $-40^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.792-796
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• 2003

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are extremely toxic and persistent environmental pollutants. Their chemical reactivities and other physicochemical/biological properties show a strong dependence on the chlorination pattern. With increasing the number of chlorines, dioxin congeners become more electronegative and gain higher electron affinities. The vertical electron affinities (VEA) are related with the LUMO energies of neutral molecules. LUMO energies of all PCDD congeners were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G** level and those of some selected congeners at the level of B3LYP/6-311G**//B3LYP/6-31G** and B3LYP/cc-pvtz/ /B3LYP/6-31G**. The total energies of neutral and anionic species for dibenzo-p-dioxins (DD), 1469-TCDD, 2378-TCDD, and OCDD were calculated at the level of B3LYP/6-31G**, B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz, and B3LYP/ aug-cc-pvtz//B3LYP/6-31G**. By using the four congeners with D2h symmetry as reference molecules, we could estimate VEA (B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz) of 75 PCDD congeners based on the linear correlations between LUMO energy and VEA (B3LYP/6-31G**) and between VEA (B3LYP/6-31G**) and VEA (B3LYP/aug-ccpvtz// B3LYP/6-31G**). Results show that all PCDDs with the number of Cl ≥ 3 have positive electron affinities. The PCDD electron affinity values provided in this work can be a useful data set in understanding the congener-specific reactivities of dioxins in various environmental media.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.4112-4112
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• 2001

The feasibility of NIR spectroscopy as a quick and nondestructive method for quality control of uniformity of coating thickness of pharmaceutical tablets was investigated. Near infrared spectra of a set of pharmaceutical tablets with varying coating thickness were measured with a diffuse reflectance fiber optic probe connected to a Broker IFS 28/N FT-NIR spectrometer. The challenging issues encountered in this study included: 1. The similarity of the formulation of the core and coating materials, 2. The lack of sufficient calibration samples and 3. The non-linear relationship between the NIR spectral intensity and coating: thickness. A peak at 7184 $cm^{-1}$ was identified that differed for the coating material and the core material when M spectra were collected at 2 $cm^{-1}$ resolution (0.4 nm at 7184 $cm^{-1}$). The study showed that the coating thickness can be analyzed by polynomial fitting of the peak area of the selected peak, while least squares calibration of the same data failed due to the lack of availability of sufficient calibration samples. Samples of coal powder and solid pieces of coal were analyzed by FT-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with the goal of predicting their ash content, percentage of volatile components, and energy content. The measurements were performed on a Broker Vector 22N spectrometer with a fiber optic probe. A partial least squares model was constructed for each of the parameters of interest for solid and powdered sample forms separately. Calibration models varied in size from 4 to 10 PLS ranks. Correlation coefficients for these models ranged from 86.6 to 95.0%, with root-mean-square errors of cross validation comparable to the corresponding reference measurement methods. The use of FT-NIR diffuse reflectance measurement techniques was found to be a significant improvement over existing measurement methodologies in terms of speed and ease of use, while maintaining the desired accuracy for all parameters and sample forms.(Figure Omitted).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.4103-4103
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to examine whether near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an acceptable tool to determine cholesterol and collagen in human atherosclerotic plaque without destruction of the analyzed areas and without danger the endothelial cells - three preconditions for the development of a NIR-heart-catheter. The questions were: Can the cholesterol and collagen content of the arterial intima be estimated with acceptable precision in vitro by NIRS despite the matrix inhomogeneity of the plaques and their anatomic variability\ulcorner How deep can such NIR radiation penetrate into arterial tissue without danger for endothelial cells\ulcorner Is this penetration sufficient for information on the lipid and collagen accumulation\ulcorner Using NIRS, cholesterol and collagen can be determined with acceptable precision in model mixtures and human aortic specimens (r=0,896 to 0,957). The chemical reference method was HPLC. The energy dose was 71 mW/$cm^{-2}$ using a fiber optic strand with a length of 1.5m and an optical window of d=4mm. This dose appears to be not dangerous for endothelial cells, It will be attenuated to 50% by a arterial tissue of about 170-$200\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness. The results are also acceptable using a thin coronary catheter-like fiber optic strand (d=1mm).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.265-277
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• 2011

This study was conducted to improve the nutritional status of high school girls via lunch menu intervention. Surveys were carried out twice to evaluate basal status and status after lunch menu intervention. In the first survey nutrient intakes of 24-hour and school lunch were each estimated by 24-hour recall dietary survey and self-recording, respectively. Calcium intake was the lowest among nutrients, and stir-frying was the most preferred cooking method. Five dishes of school lunch menus which were included in the first survey were replaced with recipes containing foods with higher calcium level; anchovy stir-fried with red pepper paste, anchovy stir-fried with almond, pork stir-fried with shredded kelp, crab meat soup, and tteokbokki with cheese. In the second survey calcium intake from school lunch was significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 45.5% to 50.2% of one thirds of recommended intake (RI) after calcium enriched lunch menu intervention. Intakes of vitamin A and E were also significantly increased, whereas those of energy, thiamin, and vitamin C were decreased. Index of nutritional quality values of nutrients of 24-hour intakes (except thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin C) is increased by intervention; however, those of calcium, folic acid, iron are still very low. Even though this study shows a possibility of improving nutrient intakes of students through school lunch menu intervention, lunch intervention by itself is not enough action to improve nutritional status of micronutrient for adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 1983

The estimation of the nutritional requirements at the national or population level has a great difficulty in calculating the cumulative effects of the several variables, i. e. age, sex, weight activity, etc., in order to adapt nutrient requirements to the condition of a country or to a population group. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group on nutrient requirements had proposed a simpler model, an average daily per capita nutritional requirements that will enable the different parameters to incorporated in a single calculation table. The average daily per caita nutritional requirements for Korean-1982 calculated by this proposed method are as follows : energy, 2,200 kcal ; protein, 70g : calcium, 0.72g ; iron, 14mg; vitamin A, 1,900 IU ; ascorbic acid, 50mg ; thiamin, 0.9mg ; riboflavin, 1.2mg ; niacin equivalent, 15mg. The average daily per capita nutritional requirements would be used to assess the adequacy of the national dietary intakes and provide basic information for the establishment of national food production and consumption policies and the planning of programmes aiming at an adequate and equitable distribution of food supplies. On a different levels, they would be used widely in the planning of diets for a specific population group, and also provide important reference information for the epidemiology study of nutritional deficiencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

Electric railroad systems consist of supply system of electric power and electric locomotive. The electric locomotive is adapted to high speed driving and mass transportation due to obtaining high traction force. The electric locomotive is operated by motor blocks and traction motors. Train speed is controlled by suppling power from motor blocks to traction motors according to reference speed. Speed control of the electric locomotive is efficient by spending minimum energy between motor blocks and traction motors. Recently, induction motors have been used than DC and synchronized motors as traction motors. Speed control of induction motors are used by vector control techniques. In this paper, speed of the induction motor is controlled by using the vector control technique. Control system model is presented by using Simulink. Pulse is controlled by PI and hysteresis controller. IGBT inverter is used for real-time control and system performance is demonstrated by simulating the induction motor which has 210[kW] on the output power.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2014

This is a comparative study that shows the overall environmental impacts from concrete structures when different compressive strength of concrete applied to structural systems having the same reference flow with different durability. A total of 24 MPa, 40 MPa and 60 MPa cases is analyzed to define the characteristic using end-point perspective LCA methodology including the stages of production, construction, maintenance and disposal. As results, global warming, non-renewable energy and respiratory inorganics problems are the major issues for assessing environmental impacts of concrete products.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.421-426
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• 2017

In this study, we selected three representative granite samples and conducted petrological observation to establish the Korean geostandards. Samples were taken from the two Jurassic (KJG-1, KJG-2) and one Cretaceous (KCG-1) granites in South Korea. The powder samples were prepared by the standard pulverization process, and glass beads were made for geochemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method, and finally, major element contents of the samples were acquired. The analytical data are shown with mean, standard deviation and relative standard deviation. The accuracy of the analysis was confirmed within an estimated error range of about 5% by comparing the recommended true values of the USGS and GSJ geostandards. Also, we checked the analytical precision by calculating a relative standard deviation of about 3% from the XRF analytical results for the three samples.