• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.32-33
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• 2017

In order to improve the flow performance of high performance concrete, use of high performance water reducing agent and low viscosity type water reducing agent is a study of suitable range of use due to side effects. in this study, we aimed at reducing viscosity and yield value using high performance water reducing agent and low viscosity type water reducing agent, and this was evaluated using a rheometer. as a result of analysis of viscosity and yield value, it was found that the high performance water reducing agent has higher reduction effect than the low viscosity type water reducing agent. however, the larger the viscosity lowering effect is, the lower the usable range is, compared to general high performance water reducing agents, and it was found that sufficient consideration for this judgment of appropriate quantity is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.145-158
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• 1996

The puropse of the study is to investigate value consciousness and management behavior of the new-generation housewives' on the family life, that is to say, household work, time management, money management, human-relationship, reducing environ-mertal pollution. To achieve this purposes, reviewing literatures and emporical research have been conducted. The sample of this study was selected from the married women living in Seoul. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows. The mean score of new-generation housewives' value consciousness on the family life was relatively high(3,94 out of 5). The mean score of value consciousness on reducing environmental pollution was the highest, and that on household work was the lowest. The mean score of new-generation housewives' management behavior on the family life was a little high(3.47 out of 5). The mean score of management behavior on reducing environmental pollution was the highest, and that on money management was the lowest. The new-generation urban housewives' have responded positively concerning the relationship between value consciousness and management behavior on the family life.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-85
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• 1978

IDOD (Immediate Dissolved Oxygen Demand) is a value of the oxygen demand after 15 minute of inoculation by inorganic reducing salts. Industrial development and urban enlargement are bringing water pollution deeply, and industrial waste waters are the source of the inorganic reducing salts. Author investigated the IDOD value change according to the inorganic salts and gained the following results: 1. IDOD value influenced by $Na_{2}SO_3$ is 81.4 ppm. 2. Generally sulfur compounds are highly effecting on IDOD. 3. The nitrite salt had little influence on IDOD.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

In this article, silk fabric was treated with silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) as oxidizing agent, with conditions such as concentration, and treating time, and subsequently treated with reducing agents such as sodium boron hydride ($NaBH_4$) and sodium sulfide ($Na_2S$) to obtain cathodic coloration. After coloration of silk fabric, dyeing properties (K/S value), colorfastnesses such as wash, rubbing and light, and antibacterial activity property were examined. $AgNO_3$ treating time and reducing time did not influence K/S value, whereas the pH value at alkaline region showed a high K/S value of silk fabric. The cathodic colorations of silk fabric with both of reducing agents at $30^{\circ}C$ have excellent color fastnesses. Also the high antibacterial activities were obtained by the treatment with silver nitrate even at 1% of lower concentration.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2019

Baker's yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used as a biocatalyst for eco-friendly indigo dyeing and the reducing power of yeast according to the alkaline solution type was compared. NaOH solution, lye, and buffer solution were used as alkaline solutions. The reducing power(K/S value, oxidation/reduction potential(ORP), pH) was monitored according to the elapsed time including the initiation of reduction, peak reduction, and the end of reduction. In all alkaline solutions, it was confirmed that yeast can be used reducing agent in indigo reduction dyeing. The pH stability and reducing power of buffer solution was better than that of NaOH alone. Although, pH and ORP stability of the reduction bath in lye were better than that of buffer solution, K/S value in buffer solution was higher compared to lye. The reducing power was different depending on the starting pH of the dye bath, and it was better when starting at pH 10.70 than at pH 11.30. Fastnesses to washing, rubbing, and light were relatively good with above rating 4. There was no significant difference in colorfastness depending on the type of alkaline solutions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.87-95
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• 2021

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of BPR in reducing cost in international business organizations by analyzing the impact of decentralization, re-engineering organizational structures, re-engineering human resources, industrial process technology, improving total quality standards, and value engineering. The study population includes all the international business organizations operating in the Middle East, with the condition that they operate in at least four countries. The results showed that there is a significant effect of all dimensions of BPR in reducing costs in international business organizations operating in the Middle East. When studying the impact of the dimensions combined, the moral effect appeared at each processes (decentralization, re-engineering of human resources and industrial process technology), while the moral effect did not appear in (rebuilding organizational structures, improving total quality standards, and value engineering). This does not negate the importance of the impact of these dimensions, but rather shows a disparity between dimensions in reducing cost, when studying its combined effect. The study recommends that organizations should adopt modern management accounting methods, including value engineering, in order to identify and enhance activities that add value to the organization's operations, as well as identify and eliminate non-value adding activities, in order to reduce costs.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.214-228
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• 2020

Shared value enhances the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously reducing societal burdens. By allowing companies to share their resources, collaborative logistics systems provide companies with an opportunity to create shared value, namely, not only economic value by enhancing the utilization of resources, but also social value by reducing energy consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions associated with logistics and transportation. Emerging businesses, such as ES3 and Flexe, have recently demonstrated how they created shared value through collaborative logistics services, for example, ES3's collaborative warehousing and direct-to-store (D2S) program, and Flexe's on-demand warehousing platform. However, the development of collaborative logistics systems is currently at a nascent stage. There are quite a few socio-technical barriers to overcome for sharing resources (data as well as infrastructure). Drawing on the socio-technical approach, this research examines how companies create both economic and social value from collaborative logistics systems. We highlight socio-technical barriers, particularly one set of social barriers, that is, competition-oriented conservatism prevalent among companies. Using the case study methodology and interview data, we closely investigate ES3 and Flexe, which provide collaborative logistics services, and demonstrate how technical and social barriers are addressed to create shared value from collaborative logistics systems.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.33.1-33.11
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• 2018

As a process for commercial application, production of reducing sugar, antioxidant, and DNA protective compounds from shrimp-shell powder was investigated in a fed-batch biodegradation using Bacillus cereus EW5. The fed-batch biodegradation was operated in a 5-L bioreactor for 96 h according to three times pulse-feeding strategy. On the basis of the equal working volume (3 L), the fed-batch biodegradation showed a better production of the target compounds than the batch biodegradation, with higher cell density and shortened biodegradation period. The maximum values of the target compounds were 0.297 mg/mL of reducing sugar, 92.35% DPPH radical scavenging activity, 98.16% ABTS radical scavenging activity, and 1.55 reducing power at $A_{700}$, which were approximately 12.1, 3.4, 5.2, and 8.4% enhanced, respectively, compared with those obtained from the batch biodegradation. The fed-batch culture supernatant also showed the enhanced DNA damage inhibition activity than the batch culture supernatant. As a result, the fed-batch biodegradation accompanied by high cell density could produce more useful compounds, enabling an increase in the reutilization value of shrimp-shell waste.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

Six sigma has been evolved into three generations. The first generation focused on eliminating or reducing defects as Motorola originally developed and applied. The second generation focused on reducing costs and improving process efficiency as GE extended the first generation. The next generation of six sigma such as D2MAIC(Discovery, Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and ICRA(Innovate, Configure, Realize, Attenuate) has been discussed since the beginning of the 21st century. Although the third generation of six sigma emphasizes value creation, but there are few specific tools for its implementation. In this thesis, some tools for finding opportunities for value creation are suggested. It is explained and discussed with examples how the tools can be applied.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2003

The functional Jeungpyuns with dietary fiber containing cereals such as brown rice and barley flour were developed and physiochemical properties were investigated. The water binding capacity had significantly the highest value of 28.4% in raw rice flour, followed by brown rice flour and barley flour. The lowest reducing sugar value was seen in unpolished rice substituted Jeungpyun with value of 5.420 (P<0.05). The amount of reducing sugar decreased slightly after steaming, due to the increased degree of sugar dissociation. The L value of the lightness decreased significantly with the substituted samples (P< 0.05). The barley substituted samples were darker than that of brown rice sample groups with less green and yellow color. Microstructures of starch particles after fermentation showed completely dispersed starch particles with air bubbles and sponge-like structure in all samples after steaming. Thus, functional Jeungpyun replaced with brown rice and barley flour can be successfully formulated and has been influenced by the physicochemical properties.