• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2004

A finite model eye based on longitudinal spherical aberration is designed by an optimization method. Longitudinal spherical aberration for pupil diameter between 1 mm and 8 mm is graphed theoretically and compared with other model eyes. The chromatic dispersions are adjusted to fit experimentally observed chromatic aberration of the eye. This is a finite model eye with four a spheric refracting surfaces. It has an effective focal length of 15.842 mm. A designed reduced eye has an equivalent power of 63.12 Diopter, curvature radius of 5.281 mm, index of 1.33333, and axial length of 21.123 mm.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06d
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• pp.347-350
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• 2002

This paper describes eye detection algorithm using edge information and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We adopt an edge detection and labelling algorithm to detect isolated components. Detected candidate eye pairs finally verified by SVM using Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. A detection rate over the test set has been achieved more than 90%, and compared with template matching method. this proposed method significantly reduced FAR.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2012

The properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme kinetics. Furthermore, we proposed the optimal conditions for measuring the activity of LDH eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme. The isozymes were detected in the cytosol of eye tissues from Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides and were more similar to the $A_4$ than the $B_4$ isozyme. LDH/CS in the eye tissue of L. macrochirus was increased in September, so the ratio of anaerobic metabolism was high. The electrophoretic patterns of mitochondrial LDH were similar to those of cytosolic LDH in the eye tissues of L. macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides. LDH eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme from eye tissue was purified by preparative native-PAGE. The activities of LDH eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes in L. macrochirus and M. salmoides were reduced at concentrations greater than 0.2 mM and 0.1 mM of pyruvate, respectively. These concentrations remained at 5.2% and 15.8% as a result of the inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate, so the degree of inhibition was very high. The LDH activities of eye tissues were reduced at concentrations greater than 22 mM and 24 mM of lactate, respectively, in L. macrochirus and M. salmoides. The ${K_m}^{PYR}$ of eye-specific $C_4$ was 0.088 mM in L. macrochirus and it was 0.033 mM in M. salmoides. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes were high in ${\alpha}$-ketobutyric acid. Furthermore, the activities of eye tissue and eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme had to be measured with 0.5 mM of pyruvate and a buffer solution of pH 7.5. As a conclusion, the eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme in M. salmoides has a high affinity for pyruvate and exhibits maximum activity at a lower concentration of pyruvate and at higher concentration of lactate than that in L. macrochirus. Therefore, it seems that the energy produced by the LDH eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme in M. salmoides was used at the first stage of predatory behavior.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design the finite model eye with GRIN lens similar to actual eye, which considered the effect of iris eccentricity on eyes. Methods: By using the finite model eye with Radial GRIN and Spherical GRIN, which were designed previously, the location of iris was eccentrically located by 0.5 mm in the direction of nose to show the same eye as actual one. For ray trace and design, Code V program of Optical Research Associates (ORA) was adopted. Results: Designed model eye was compared to actual eye depending on iris eccentricity and the model eye which showed reduced value was corrected according to actual eye to design the finite model eye. Conclusions: Ocular optical systems considered the point that iris was a rotational asymmetry and designed the finite model eye with GRIN lens, which was similar to actual eye, by considering the effect of iris eccentricity on eye.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1982

Experiments on the eye movement behavior were performed using Vidicon Eye Camera. Factorial design ( $3{\times}3$) was used to evaluate the validity of the eye movement as a performance measure in vigilance task. Eye movement data were recorded in video tapes, then the data were converted to digital signals, which were reduced to quantitative fixation and saccadic movement data by a microcomputer. To compare with existing vigilance performance measures, response time and the number of false alarms were also recorded. The results showed that the saccadic movement is a good measure of the performance in vigilance task : 1. Both the response time and the saccadic movement increased significantly during the initial two time blocks. 2. High correlations were shown between the response time and the saccadic movement. 3. The locational uncertainty affects the saccadic movement, the number of fixations, the response time but doesn't affect the duration of eye fixations.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2019

The patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD) show ocular motor abnormalities including strabismus, vergence deficits, and inaccurate or slow saccades. Two theories have been proposed to explain the oculomotor deficits in MD. The central theory attributes the defects of eye movements of MD to the involvement of the central nervous system while the muscular theory attributes to dystrophic changes of the extraocular muscles. A 58-year-old woman with MD showed selective slowing of horizontal saccades and reduced peak velocities for both horizontal canals in head impulse tests, while smooth-pursuit eye movements and vertical head impulse responses were normal. This case suggests that the extraocular muscles-as a final common pathway of the voluntary saccade and reflexive vestibular eye movements-may better explain the defective rapid eye movements observed in MD.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.30-36
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• 2022

This paper explored the effect of using eye gaze pointer in addition to the hand gesture visual communication cue in remote collaboration. We recruited 24 participants and conducted a user study comparing two conditions: (1) only hand gesture visual communication cue, and (2) eye gaze pointer with hand gesture visual cue. The results showed that the added eye gaze pointer cue reduced the workload and increased the co-presence when using it together with hand gesture cue.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1454-1463
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• 2020

An important factor in eye-tracking PC interface for general paralyzed patients is the implementation of the mouse interface, for manipulating the GUI. With a successfully implemented mouse interface, users can generate mouse events exactly at the point of their choosing. However, it is difficult to define this interaction in the eye-tracking interface. This problem has been defined as the Midas touch problem and has been a major focus of eye-tracking research. There have been many attempts to solve this problem using blink, voice input, etc. However, it was not suitable for general paralyzed patients because some of them cannot wink or speak. In this paper, we propose a mouth-pop-up, eye-tracking mouse interface that solves the Midas touch problem as well as becoming a suitable interface for general paralyzed patients using a common RGB camera. The interface presented in this paper implements a mouse interface that detects the opening and closing of the mouth to activate a pop-up menu that the user can select the mouse event. After implementation, a performance experiment was conducted. As a result, we found that the number of malfunctions and the time to perform tasks were reduced compared to the existing method.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sensory integration training on equilibrium ability in the college students of the twenties. Methods : The sensory integration training group(male: n=10, female: n=9) was measured an equilibrium ability by Kinesthetic Ability Trainer(KAT) at pre-intervention and post-intervention in 4weeks. Results : Mean value of eye close both leg standing and eye close one leg standing tests of the sensory integration training group were significantly reduced among the intervention period(p<.05). Conclusion : We were found that sensory integration training could reduce mean value of eye close both leg standing and eye close one leg standing tests and improve a balance for the college students of the twenties.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2012

The current inquiry was conducted to assess the change in sleep architecture after long periods of administration to determine whether ginseng can be used in the therapy of sleeplessness. Following post-surgical recovery, red ginseng extract (RGE, 200 mg/kg) was orally administrated to rats for 9 d. Data were gathered on the 1st, 5th, and 9th day, and an electroencephalogram was recorded 24 h after RGE administration. Polygraphic signs of unobstructed sleep-wake activities were simultaneously recorded with sleep-wake recording electrodes from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. for 6 h. Rodents were generally tamed to freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Although the 1st and 5th day of RGE treatment showed no effect on power densities in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the 9th day of RGE administration showed augmented ${\alpha}$-wave (8.0 to 13.0 Hz) power densities in NREM and REM sleep. RGE increased total sleep and NREM sleep. The total percentage of wakefulness was only decreased on the 9th day, and the number of sleep-wake cycles was reduced after the repeated administration of RGE. Thus, the repeated administration of RGE increased NREM sleep in rats. The ${\alpha}$-wave activities in the cortical electroencephalograms were increased in sleep architecture by RGE. Moreover, the levels of both ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits of the ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor were reduced in the hypothalamus of the RGE-treated groups. The level of glutamic acid decarboxylase was over-expressed in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE increases NREM sleep via $GABA_A$ergic systems.