• 복식
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• 제32권
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• pp.31-43
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• 1997

The costumes on a royal ceremony and the changes thereafter during the Korea Empire(1897-1910) have been elucidated through the review on the paintings on Queen Myong-Hun's 70th birthday celebration and the prospectus of the ceremony. Queen Myong-Hyn wore ceremonial gown in deep blue with 51 embroidered phoenix on it. The deep blue color the royal color in the Korea Empire replaced former red color. Go-jong wore violet crown and ceremonial suit in gold color. Twenty one kinds of court dance were offered during the celebration ceremony. Costumes therein appear to have an order according to the role ofdancers. most female dancers(in 17 performances not else-where specified) wore a rather common cos-tume-flower cap outer silk garent in green hand veils in 5 colors silk skirt in red) embroidered silk belt in red and shoes in green. In Sun-you-ak two female lead dancers were red hat decorated with tiger whisker deep blue outer garment wide red belt silk boots in black bow and arrows on back and a sword and a whip in hands. In Choonaang-jon a fe-male solo dancer wore a silk outer garment in yellow silk skirt in red green lorum embroidered silk belt in red wrist band of gold embroidered red silk and 5 color hand veils. In Yon-wha-dae two young girl dancers wore lotus-form crown green outer garment wide pants in red silk red silk skirt red silk belt hand veils in jade color and silk shoes in deep red. In Moo-go 4 female dancers each wore long waist coat in blue red white and warm light green in addition to the above-mentioned common costume. In Gumkee-moo 4 female dancers wore hatlike wool helmet outer garment with narrow sleeve long silk waist coat in blue combat belt in deep blue silk and dance swords in both hands. In Youk-wha-dae 6 female dancers each wore a long waist cost in red deep blue violet pale pink green and jade color. Green color of outer garment in the above-mentioned common costume of female dancers appears intersting. Although the color was shown as yellow in the screen paintings actually it was green as evidenced by the prospectus of the celeebration ceremony.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.525-531
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• 2011

Two dimensional (2D) arrays of noble metal nanoparticles are widely used in the sensing of nanoscale biological and chemical events. Research in this area has sparked considerable interest in many fields owing to the novel optical properties, e.g., the localized surface plasmon resonance, of these metallic nanoarrays. In this paper, we report successes in fabricating 2D arrays of gold nano-islands using nanosphere lithography. The reproducibility and the effectiveness of the nano-patterning method are tested by means of spin coating and capillary force deposition. We found that the capillary force deposition method was more effective for nanospheres with diameters greater than 600 nm, whereas the spin coating method works better for nanospheres with diameters less than 600 nm. The optimal deposition parameters for both methods were reported, showing about 80% reproducibility. In addition, we characterize gold nano-island arrays both geometrically with AFM as well as optically with UV-VIS spectrometry. The AFM images revealed that the obtained nano-arrays formed a hexagonal pattern of truncated tetrahedron nano-islands. The experimental and theoretical values of the geometric parameters were compared. The 2D gold nano-arrays showed strong LSPR in the absorption spectra. As the nano-islands increased in size, the LSPR absorption bands became red-shifted. Linear dependence of the plasmon absorption maximum on the size of the gold nano-islands was identified through the increment in the plasmon absorption maximum rate for a one nanometer increase in the characteristic length of the nano-islands. We found that the 2D gold nano-arrays showed nearly seven-fold higher sensitivity of the absorption spectrum to the size of the nano-islands as compared to colloidal gold nano-particles.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The Gold-spotted pond frog, Rana plancyi chosenica, designated as a vulnerable species by IUCN Red list. This species is a typical example facing local population threats and extinction due to human activities in South Korea. A strategic conservation plan for this endangered species is urgently needed. In order to provide information for future conservation planning, accurate information on the genetic diversity and taxonomic status is needed for the establishment of conservation units for this species. In this study, we used a molecular genetic approach using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and control region sequences to find the genetic diversity of gold-spotted pond frogs within South Korea. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and control region of 77 individuals from 11 populations in South Korea, and one from Chongqing, China. A total of 15 cytochrome b gene haplotypes and 34 control region haplotypes were identified from Korean gold-spotted pond frogs. Mean sequence diversity among Korean gold-spotted pond frogs was 0.31% (0.0-0.8%) and 0.51% (0.0-1.0%), respectively. Most Korean populations had at least one unique haplotype for each locus. The Taean, Ansan and Cheongwon populations had no haplotypes shared with other populations. There was a sequence divergence between Korean and Chinese gold-spotted pond frogs (1.3% for cyt b; 2.9% for control region). Analysis of genetic distances and phylogenetic trees based on both cytochrome b and control region sequences indicate that the Korean gold-spotted pond frog are genetically differentiated from those in China.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.403-415
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• 2019

세조대왕연(충청남도 민속문화재 제14호)은 조선의 7대왕 세조(재위 1455-1468)가 마곡사에 두고 간 것으로 전해지는 가마이다. 세조대왕연의 채색에는 흑색, 백색, 황색, 적색 및 녹색 등 5가지 계열의 색상이 사용되었다. 색도 측정 결과 황색은 자황 채색부와 금칠 채색부에서 명도와 황색도의 차이가 두드러졌으며 적색은 진사로 채색된 지점에서만 적색도가 높게 측정되었다. 광학현미경 관찰, 주사전자현미경 관찰 및 성분 분석을 수행한 결과, 흑색은 먹, 백색은 백토와 연백, 황색은 자황과 합금, 적색은 연단과 주사 및 석간주, 녹색은 녹염동광을 안료로 사용하였다. 박락된 극미량 안료편의 단면을 분석한 결과, 백토와 연백의 순서로 바탕층을 올린 것이 나타났으며 이를 기초로 세조대왕연의 채색기법을 고찰하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

The gold-spotted pond frog(Pelophylax chosenicus) classified as an Anura in Amphibia is sharply decreasing due to various changes of habitats environment, and designated as IUCN Red List Threatened species(VU; Vulnerable) internationally and domestic endangered species Class-II; therefore, it's in urgent need of the research on habitats restoration of the gold-spotted pond frog in order to prevent its extinction. This study was carried out to verify the effect after restoration by introducing the inhabitation elements deducted by the literature research and a field survey on the habitats for the gold-spotted pond frog in danger of regional extinction in the urban area of Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Accordingly, the capacity for bio-species was increased by expanding the area of habitats into $11,845m^2$, and securing the place for hibernation and corridors and discharge within the habitats, etc. As a result of the monitoring the number of individuals increased by 9.5 times as the reproductive success rate of the gold-spotted pond frog got higher, and by virtue of improvement in the habitats, biodiversity increased to 183 species(4 species of amphibians and reptiles, 4 species of mammals, 17 species of birds, 53 species of insects(terrestrial/Benthic), 4 species of fish, and 102 species of plants). It might be possible to verify the restoration effect of the habitats through continuous monitoring, and suggest the restoration model on the habitats for continuously survivable the gold-spotted pond frog in the urban area by deducting the matters to be improved.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2012

아산 밖지므레 유적 마한 분묘에서 출토된 유리 65점은 포타쉬유리군이 13점, 소다유리군이 52점으로 소다유리군이 우세하게 나타났다. 색상별로 세분하면, 감청색 유리는 포타쉬유리군과 소다유리군이 공반되는 반면 자색 유리는 포타쉬유리군이고 적색, 벽색, 녹색, 금박유리는 소다유리군으로 나타났다. 감청색 유리는 안정제의 함량이 낮은 LCA계이고 이중에 소다유리는 MgO와 $K_2O$ 함량이 낮은 LMK형으로 천연탄산소다가 원료로 사용된 것으로 판단된다. 적색 유리는 균질한 유리가 LCA-B계/HMK형이고 불균질한 유리가 HCLA계/LMK형으로 각각 해양 식물 재와 천연탄산소다가 사용되었을 가능성이 있다. 벽색과 녹색 유리는 환옥이 LCA-A계/LMHK형이고 연주옥이 LCA-B계/HMK형으로 형태에 따라 차이를 보인다. 금박구슬은 19.9~22.6K의 순도를 갖는 금박과 HCLA계/LMK형의 소다유리로 제작되었다. 즉, 아산 밖지므레 유적 유리구슬 대부분은 백제시대 타 유적에서 확인되는 유리 조성과 유사성이 높은 편이나 벽색 및 녹색 연주옥과 일부 적색 환옥은 다른 화학 조성을 보이므로 원료에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같은 특성은 고대유리의 교역 체계 이해를 위한 중요한 단서를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권24호
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• pp.131-152
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• 2003

In ancient times, many kinds of different inorganic pigments were used as colorants for making objects. These pigments are still evidentin well known objects such as Danchung, mural painting and Buddhist painting. This study discusses the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments used on the Buddha pigments. The results can be briefly summarized as below; Firstly, the microcrystalline structures revealed on the cross section of analyzed pigments, samples of which were taken from various parts of Buddha pigments show that different sizes and shapes of pigment particle were used for different purposes such as coloring, toning of the pigments. The arrangement of pigments and their usages are varied according to the owner temples and the place where it was created. Secondly, a result of the analysis on the composition and structure of the pigments shows that the main components in their composition are: Red pigments - Red lead($Pb_3O_4$) and Cinnabar(HgS)Green pigments - Malachite[$CuCO_3$.$Cu(OH)_2$] and Prussian Blue[$Fe4(Fe(CN)_6)_2$]Gold pigments - pure gold(Au)Yellow pigments - Orpiment($A_s2S_3)White pigments - Lead Cyanamide[$Pb_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2]Ultramarine pigments - Azulite[$Cu_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2]Especially, we knew that pigments used on the Ssanggye temple not repaired to the artificial synthetic pigment

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제28권
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• pp.109-136
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 조선 후기 기록화인 《평안감사향연도》 총 3점 중 <연광정연회도>를 분석하여 채색 재료를 규명했다. 포인트 위주의 분석으로 인해 발생 가능한 문제를 최소화하고자 우선 파장별 이미지를 촬영했다. 엑스선을 통해 먹, 금, 유·무기 안료를 분류했고, 적외선으로 먹과 구리계 안료를 파악했다. 초분광으로는 흑색, 청색, 녹색 재료 중에서 안료와 유기 염료를 구별해냈다. 색상별 선정 지점을 분석하여 백색(연백), 흑색(먹/쪽), 적색(연단+진사), 분홍색(염료), 자주색(염료), 갈색(산화철), 황색(석황/염료), 녹색(석록/석록+염료/쪽)과 청색(석청/연백+쪽/쪽), 자색(쪽+연지), 금색(금박) 등의 재료를 규명했다. 향후 파장별 라이브러리가 확보되면 더 효율적인 분석이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제17권
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

석암리 9호분 출토 금제띠고리(국보 제189호)는 한반도에서 출토된 가장 이른 시기의 누금세공품으로 금 순도 약 22.8K의 금판에 타출기법으로 일곱 마리의 용이 표현되어 있다. 그리고 약 23.8K의 금선과 금알갱이로 용의 몸통 및 윤곽선, 테두리 등이 장식되어 있다. 이 금제띠고리 곡선면의 일부에는 순도 23.8K의 금판이 덧대어져 있는데, 제작 당시 혹은 그 이후에 발생된 결함을 보완하기 위한 것으로 추정되었다. 금제띠고리에 장식된 용의 코를 표현하는데 사용된 금선은 순도가 23.3K로 약간 낮았다. 이는 동그랗게 감아 말아 만든 용의 코 모양이 잘 유지될 수 있도록 순도가 약간 낮은 금선을 사용하여 경도를 조금 높인 것으로 추정된다. 금알갱이는 크기에 따라 대, 중, 소로 구분되었으며 구리 확산법을 이용하여 접합한 것으로 추정되었다. 용의 이마 및 몸통을 장식하기 위하여 청색 터키석을 감입하였고, 일곱 마리 용의 눈 부분에는 적색 안료인 진사/주(HgS)가 감입되었음을 확인하였다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권28호
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• pp.121-147
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• 2007

A large variety of mineral pigments has been used for Korean paintings and it has known that organic pigments have been used together on the Buddhist painting and the portrait. Haehakbando-do, which is from Honolulu Academy Museum in the United States, 12-fold screen was commissioned by Court of the late Joseon Dynasty in order to pray for the King's longevity. Therefore, it seems that all material used including pigments were selected very carefully and a great deal of technical effort was gone into its process. The purposes of this research were to estimate the pigments and the contributory elements of each color used on Haehakbando-do, in accordance with the conservation treatment carried out by Gochang Conservation Institute throughout last year. Without extracting sample, property of pigment was measured by nondestructive method, X-ray spectral analysis, and by comparing with the data about ancient pigments. In spite of the limited range of pigment analysis by nondestructive method, it should be noted that this method would not cause damage to the cultural properites. White pigment was found in all colored parts except the background, so it can be suggested that white color was used as a grounding of other color pigments. This would be flake white[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] as Pb was found. Pb was the only element could be found in yellow, however, it can be organic pigment like Gamboge as same as background. Red would be Cinnabar (HgS) as hydrargyrum (Hg) was detected. For the light purple in cloud, organic pigments were probably used since any element is not detected except for Pb, which is used for background. It is possible that green color is the mixture of Malachite[$CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$] and Azurite [$2CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$], which share Cu as their main element. Azurite[$2CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$] was used for bluish pigments. Black is carbon compound. For gold, solid gold (Au) was detected. It shows that gold was gilded on the flake white background. Red painted on the frame of screen was identified as Cinnabar (HgS) and the gold pattern was solid gold (Au). The supporting leg of folding screen was made of brass because both copper and zinc were detected. In conclusion, white pigment was used as grounding of all colors of Haehakbando-do, and specific pigments were used for each color. Additionally, result from the analysis of several pigments shows that mineral pigment and organic pigment, or different mineral pigments were mixed to make various colors.