• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.500-508
• /
• 1999

Several white-rot fungi collected from the mountains of Korea were evaluated for their ability to decolorize azo, polymeric, and reactive dyes. Strains CJ-105, CJ-212 and CJ-315, identified as Trametes sp., Pleurotus sp. and Fomes sp., respectively, showed higher potential for decolorization of those dyes in either solid or liquid media. For Trametes sp. CJ-105, 100ppm of Remazol Brilliant blue R and 500ppm of Acid Red 264 were completely decolorized after 2 days under liquid culture. The dominating ligninolytic enzyme existing in the culture broth was laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2). Also, Pleurotus sp. CJ-212 and Fomes sp. CJ-315 showed similar patterns in decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Acid Red 264. The extent of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic enzymes produced by each strain. In addition to that Trametes sp. CJ-105 was highly effective in degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol by the activity of the ligninolytic enzymes produced. In this study, we found that white-rot fungi, Trametes sp. CJ-105(KFCC 10941), Pleurotus sp. CJ-212(KFCC 10943) and Fomes sp. CJ-315(KFCC 10942), were effective in decolorizing a wide range of structurally different synthetic dyes, as well as some chemical compounds which are known to be hardly degradable.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2006

red 1 and acid blue 92, anionic dyes, were removed from synthetic wastewater by the surfactant-modified clay minerals. Two different clays, such as Korean clay(M78) and Japanese clay(KJ) were treated with three different sulfactants, CTMA, DSDMA and TMSA. The surfactant-modified clay minerals such as M-1(CTMA), M-3(TMSA), KJ-1(CTMA) and KJ-3(TMSA), showed high removal efficiencies with dyes, while M-2(DSDMA) and KJ-2(DSDMA) could adsorb both dyes with relatively low efficiencies. Furthermore, almost 100% absorption of both dyes onto M-1(CTMA) and KJ-3(TMSA) revealed the possibility that these materials can be used for the removal of hazardous organic dyes from wastewater.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.85
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2005

Disperse dyes derived from heterocyclic compounds such as phenylindole, pyridone, diaminopyridine, and carbazole have been known to exhibit high light fastness and bathochromic shift compared to the coursponding aminoazobenzene. The synthetic method to obtain diaminopyridine derivatives, which can be used as coupling components, was chlorination of pyridone with phosphorous oxychloride, followed by substitution with various primary amines. Four azo disperse dyes were synthesized by coupling four diaminopyridines with 2-cyano-4-nitroaniline as a diazo component. Structures of these dyes were confirmed by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The wavelengths of maximum absorption of the synthesized disperse dyes were in the range of $517\~528nm$, and molar extinction coefficients were $45,700\~50,100$. The dyeability of four disperse dyes toward PET fiber was generally good. Wash and rubbing fastnesses were excellent, while light and dry heat fastness were good.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1331-1335
• /
• 2008

A Klebsiella pneumoniae WL-5 with the capability of decolorizing several recalcitrant dyes was isolated from activated sludge of an effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing industry. This strain showed a higher dye decolorization under static condition and color removal was optimal at pH 6-8 and $30-35^{\circ}C$. More than 90% of its color of Congo Red were reduced within 12 hr at $200\;{\mu}M$ dye concentration. Malachite Green, Brilliant Green and Reactive Black-5 lost over 85% of their colors at $10\;{\mu}M$ dye concentration, but the percentage decolorization of Reactive Red-120, Reactive Orange-16, and Crystal Violet were about 46%, 25%, and 13%, respectively. Decolorizations of Congo Red and triphenylmethane dyes, such as Malachite Green, Brilliant Green, and Crystal Violet were mainly due to adsorption to cells, whereas azo dyes, such as Reactive Black-5, Reactive Red-120, and Reactive Orange-16 seemed to be removed by biodegradation through unknown enzymatic processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.34-36
• /
• 2008

The several monoazo red dyes having different alkyl substituents were synthesized to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber. The affinity of the dyes onto unmodified polypropylene was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. Therefore, the hexyl-substituted dye having the longest alkyl group in this experiment showed very high color strength of dyeings with K/S value of over 28 at maximum adsorption wavelength. The color fastnesses of washing, light, rubbing and sublimation were also improved significantly for the longer alkyl substituted dyes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.18 no.5 s.90
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2006

A mixed adsorbent prepared by pyrolysing a mixture of carbon and flyash in 1:1 ratio was tested for its deceleration ability for three different classes of dyes, namely Astrazone Blue FRR(C.I. Basic Blue 69), Teflon Blue ANL(C.I. Acid Slue 125) and Verofix Red(Reactive Red 3GL). Equilibrium investigations were carried out at the optimum conditions obtained in the previous studies. The equilibrium data fitted reasonably well to both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models. However the Langmuir model was more appropriate to describe the adsorption behavior of the dyes to the hybrid absorbent system compared with the Freundlich model. The mixed adsorbent cm be an low-cost alternative to activated carbons.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 1992

Biodegradation of azo dyes such as Amaranth, Sudan III and Congo-Red by Aspergillus sojae B-10 was demonstrated using Aspergillus sojae B-10. Aspergillus sojae B-10 showed the greatest decolorization ability when it was cultivated in a nitrogen-limited medium containing, azo dyes(10 mg/l), 2.0% glucose, 0.06% sodium nitrate, 0.1% $KH_PO_4$, 0.5% MgSO_4$ㆍ$7H_2O$ at pH 5.0 and $37^\circ{C}$ for 5 days. Under optimal conditions, Amaranth started being decolorized within 24 hr and was almost complete after decolorization of 4 days incubation. Sudan III was completely decolorized after a cultivation of 5 days. However, Congo-Red was not completely decolorized until 5 days of cultivation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 1993

The mutagenicity of 22 food and cosmetic dyes had been evaluated. Two different short-term mutagenicity tests were used: (1) Salmonella typhimurium preincubation assay (Ames test) (2) Chromosome aberration test with cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells. Orange No. 203 was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium with and without rat liver microsomal activation, and Red No. 204 was mutagenic in Salmonelhl typhimurium with rat liver microsomal activation. Red No. 104-1 and Red No. 215 showed slight increase of chromosomal aberration in CHL cells.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 1998

The mutagenicity of three external colorants, lake red CBA (D&C Red No.9, R-9), rhodamine B stearate (D&C Red No.37, R-37) and permanent orange (D&C Orange No.17, O-17) was evaluated. In this study, the genetic toxicity of the these dyes was examined by in vitro chromosome aberration test in cultured mammalian cells, in vivo micronucleus test in ddY mice, and somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Three dyes did not induce mutagenicity in chromosome aberration test and micronucleus test. But Red No.9 and Red No. 37 showed slight increase of abnormal wing spots in Drosophila melanogaster.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 1990

The fading of dyed material by light has long been subject of investigation, yet surprisingly little is known of the fundamental photochemical reactions, because of mainly the complex nature of dye-fibre system. The effect of the chemical structure of dye on lightfastness has been mostly studied when there is substituents on the place satisfied Hammett rule. Therefore, in this investigation the effectiveness of chemical structures of Congo Red and Benzopurpurine 4B unsatisfied Hammett rule on dyeing property and lightfastness of cotton was studied. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Highly polar solvents showed hypsochromic shift. 2. Adsorption isotherm curves of the two dyes were Freundlich type. And Congo Red showed good dyeing property in comparision with Benzopurpurine 4B. 3. The type of the FR curve of the two dyes was first-ordr curve. And the CF curves of the two dyes showed normal fading state during irradiation. 4. During irradiation, the Hue was changed on the part of yellowish. The Value was increasing and the Chroma was decreasing. 5. Benzopurpurine 4B showed good lightfastness in comparision with Congo Red.