• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2019

The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficiency of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in enhancing the unconfined compressive strength of soft soil alone and soft soil mixed with recycled tiles. The recycled tiles have been used to treat soft soil in a previous research by Al-Bared et al. (2019) and the results showed significant improvement, but the improved strength value was for samples treated with low cement content (2%). Hence, OPC is added alone in this research in various proportions and together with the optimum value of recycled tiles in order to investigate the improvement in the strength. The results of the compaction tests of the soft soil treated with recycled tiles and 2, 4, and 6% OPC revealed an increment in the maximum dry density and a decrement in the optimum moisture content. The optimum value of OPC was found to be 6%, at which the strength was the highest for both samples treated with OPC alone and samples treated with OPC and 20% recycled tiles. Under similar curing time, the strength of samples treated with recycled tiles and OPC was higher than the treated soil with the same percentage of OPC alone. The stress-strain curves showed ductile plastic behaviour for the untreated soft clay and brittle behaviour for almost all treated samples with OPC alone and OPC with recycled tiles. The microstructural tests indicated the formation of new cementitious products that were responsible for the improvement of the strength, such as calcium aluminium silicate hydrate. This research promotes recycled tiles as a green stabiliser for soil stabilisation capable of reducing the amount of OPC required for ground improvement. The replacement of OPC with recycled tiles resulted in higher strength compared to the control mix and this achievement may results in reducing both OPC in soil stabilisation and the disposal of recycled tiles into landfills.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.173-176
• /
• 2004

This study is contents about the method which separates ASCON, the tiles and the reds bricks in recycled aggregates. The method of separation used difference of specific gravity.

• Magazine of RCR
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2022

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.13-33
• /
• 2009

Mineralogical analysis with petrographic microscope and XRD was carried out to verify manufacturing technique of the tiles(9 samples) and kiln wall materials(5 samples) from the Anchang-ri history site in Wonju county. One of the results we found is such that during the tile manufacturing process fine tile fragments or wall materials might be added instead of chamottes to maintain tile pattern. Abandoned tiles or wall materials were recycled repeatedly, which may be supported by the recycled chamottes that made from iron-rich fine aggregates or disposed kiln wall materials in many samples analyzed. The tiles and wall materials are divided into 3 types, including low temperature type (below $800^{\circ}C$), intermediate temperature type ($800-930^{\circ}C$) and high temperature type ($930-1470^{\circ}C$) as a function of firing temperature which deduced by mineral assemblages identified under petrographic microscope and by XRD composition. Both Kiln A8 of Choseon Dynasty and wall material AW5 were burned at the highest temperature among the all analyzed samples.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.42 no.3 s.274
• /
• pp.193-197
• /
• 2005

Wall and floor tiles were fabricated by a dry pressing method using waste glass and clay. The physical properties of the tiles such as absorption, bulk density, porosity, compressive strength, and abrasion loss are investigated with the firing temperature and glass contents. The physical properties are improved with increasing the firing temperature and glass contents. The composition containing the glass of $70 wt%$ and fired at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 2 h has the good properties. The optimal properties obtained in the tiles are the water absorprion of about $0.9\%$, the bulk density of about $2.3\;g/cm^3$, the apparent porosity of about $2.1 \%$, the compressive strength of about 210 MPa, and the abrasion loss of about 0.022 g, when the composition containing the glass of $70\;wt\%$ is fired at $1050^{\circ}C$. The physical proper1ies of tiles fabricated were enhanced compared to the commercial clay tiles, due to easy melting and densification of glassy phase during the firing process.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2020

Growth of any country rest in the consumption of industrial wastes for its infrastructure amenities. Countries like India positively desires a vital utilization of industrial waste resembling paper sludge in the construction industry to make various building materials. Also, it is the duty of all civil engineers or researchers to attach them in mounting new materials from the waste dumped as land fillings. In every construction project, about 70% of cost accounts for the procurement of materials. If this, can be minimized consequently the cost of construction will certainly be condensed. Research has established that the waste paper sludge can be reused in the construction field for a probable scope. The construction diligences munch through a massive quantity of non-renewable resources. On the additional dispense, more waste paper board sludge ends up in landfills or dumpsites than those recycled. Consequently, waste paper sludge for use as a construction material composes a step towards sustainable development. Keeping this in mind an endeavor has been made to utilize paper board sludge acquired from the paper board industry and used with several pozzolanic and cementitious materials for a specific purpose. The addition of paper sludge has been varied from 0% to 20% by weight of cement. The tests done with the samples expose that four samples showed significant outcomes with remarkable strength and durability properties which guide to move for the next phase of research for producing lightweight tiles.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 2021

To reduce the environmental load of the construction industry, there is a need to minimize construction and demolition by strengthening the eco-friendliness of building materials and extending the durable lifespan. Therefore, while many Hanok roof finishing methods have been proposed to address these problems, the current trend is to use the existing method due to issues such as economic feasibility, weight, and durability. The manufacturing method of clay roof tiles used as roofing materials for Hanok buildings is optimized by using a mixture of 64.5% Gyeongju clay, 15.0% kaolin, 15.0% FNS(Ferro Nickel Slag), and 5.5% MAS(Magnesia Aluminum Silicate) under optimal conditions. The results of the experiment involving firing at 1,125℃ showed that flexural strength of 12,102N, which is higher than the standard of KS F 3510, an absorption rate of 6.08%, a volume specific gravity of 2.15g/cm³, and the freeze-thaw properties were satisfied. A method for securing stable quality was studied.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2018

A great amount of fly ash, which is a waste from a thermal power plant, has not been appropriately recycled until now. Landfill of flay ash causes environmental pollution and enormous economic costs. In this study, manufacturing of architectural ceramic tile was investigated replacing fly ash with clay raw material. The properties of porcelain tile was analyzed after manufacturing porcelain tile with mineral based glaze and fast firing process. In particular, the effect of the fly ash addition on the properties of ceramic tile was investigated by increasing the amount of limestone addition. Porcelain tile with fly ash showed excellent bending strength, water absorption, warping and abrasion resistance. However, a significant decrease in durability was observed through the autoclave test. Addition of limestone increased the water absorption, twisting and hydration expansion of the ceramic tile, but it was confirmed that the durability of the ceramic tile with fly ash was greatly improved. In conclusion, recycled architectural ceramic tiles, which can meet domestic construction standards, could be manufactured with the addition of fly ash and limestone.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.427-437
• /
• 2019

Waste materials are being produced in huge quantities globally, and the usual practice is to dump them into legal or illegal landfills. Recycled tiles (RT) are being used in soil stabilisation which is considered as sustainable solution to reduce the amount of waste and solve the geotechnical problems. Although the stabilisation of soil using RT improved the soil properties, it could not achieve the standard values required for construction. Thus, this study uses 20% RT together with low cement content (2%) to stabilise soft soil. Series of consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted on untreated and RT-cement treated samples. Each test was performed at 7, 14, and 28 days curing period and 50, 100, and 200 kPa confining pressures. The results revealed an improvement in the undrained shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal frication angle) of treated specimens compared to the untreated ones. The cohesion and friction angle of the treated samples were increased with the increase in curing time and confining pressure. The peak deviator stress of treated samples increases with the increment of either the effective confining pressures or the curing period. Microstructural and chemical tests were performed on both untreated and RT-cement treated samples, which included field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results indicated the formation of cementation compounds such as calcium aluminium hydrate (C-A-H) within the treated samples. Consequently, the newly formed compounds were responsible for the improvement observed in the results of the triaxial tests. This research promotes the utilisation of RT to reduce the amount of cement used in soil stabilisation for cleaner planet and sustainable environment.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2020

This study investigates the recycling potential of demolition waste (DW) according to building structure, while considering economic aspects. For that, this study surveyed 1,034 residential buildings to collect reliable information on demolition waste generation rates (DWGRs). This study suggested a method for operational cost calculation for each stage and carried out an inventory analysis. The economic value of recycled DW materials was also calculated. And then, the recycling potential(RP) was calculated by building structures and waste types. RP by building structure was low (27-40%), and RP was found in the order of masonry-block, wooden, RC and concrete-brick. By type of DWs, the RP of aggregates was considerably lower than 7%, and DWs such as wood, plastics, and metals showed more than 100% RP. Considering the results of this study, In order to improve the RP of buildings and DWs, the diversification of products that recycled waste like aggregates (i.e., mortar, concrete, bricks, blocks, tiles) and the development of high value-added products are considered to be the most urgent problems. Based on the above RP results, this study proposed a more advanced method for life cycle assessment of buildings and demolition waste.