• 지식경영연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

Absorptive capacity is an ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and apply external knowledge. Since the objectives of communities of practice(CoPs) are to share task-related knowledge and to apply it to operations, individual absorptive capacities of CoP members are one of the most important success factors of CoPs. The study examined the structural relationship among three groups; antecedents of absorptive capacity, absorptive capacity, and the performance of CoPs. The findings are as follows; Goal interdependence, reciprocal altruism, coordination mechanism and socialization mechanism had significant and positive effects on absorptive capacity. In addition absorptive capacity had significant and positive effects on goal attainment and knowledge application of CoP.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2005

General and specific combining ability effects of six bivoltine breeds of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) were evaluated for six quantitative characters through diallel method wherein parents, $F_{1}s$ and reciprocals are involved. The breeds $APS_{11}\;and\;APS_{2}$ were found to be the best general combiners for most of the traits studied. The high estimates of specific combining ability (sca) variance (${\sigma}^{2}s$) compared to general combining ability (gca) variance (${\sigma}^{2}g$) indicated the predominant role of non-additive gene action in the control of all the characters. Positive sca effects for majority of the traits were expressed by the combinations $APS_{13}{\times}APS_6,\;APS_{13}{\times}APS_2,\;APS_{11}{\times}APS_6\;and\;APS_5{\times}APS_2$ out of 15 crosses. Among the 15 reciprocal crosses studied, the combination $APS_8{\times}APS_{13}$ showed positive reciprocal effects for all the six traits. With both the parents $APS_5\;and\;APS_2$ being good general combiners the hybrid $APS_5{\times}APS_2$ showing high sca effects is recommended for commercial use.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1621-1627
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• 2001

Steers and heifers (N=490) were produced between 1991 and 1996 by reciprocal fiillsib backcross and $F_1$ crosses from Angus and Brahman to compare characteristics of carcass and palatability traits between Bos indicus and Bos taurus inheritance. Carcasses of 3/4Angus were heavier, fatter (p<0.05), more tender and higher in other palatability attributes (p<0.01) than those of 3/4Brahman. Reciprocal effects of parental cross breeds were found on some traits. Within 3/4Brahman inheritance group, Brahman sired progeny produced heavier and fatter carcasses with better palatability (p<0.05) than progeny with Brahman as a dam breed. Estimates of heritability were intermediate to high in most carcass and palatability traits. Genetic correlations of tenderness with marbling score (MARB), sarcomere length (SARC), fragmentation index (FRAG) and calpastatin activity (CALP) were moderate to high, suggesting potential use of the tenderness-influencing factors as indirect selection criteria to improve palatability attributes. MARB and SARC that were best predictors of tenderness explained 3.07 to 5.85% and 4.32 to 8.24% of variation in tenderness, respectively. However, there was no tenderness-influencing factor to dominantly explain large portion of variation in tenderness.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제4권
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• pp.114-118
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 mouse의 산자수(産仔數) 및 생시체중에 대한 유전자(遺傳子) 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여, BALB/c, CBA, C3H 및 C57BL의 4계통(系統)을 양면교잡(兩面交雜)시켜 생산(生産)된 후대(後代) 362마리를 대상으로 조사(調査) 분석(分析)한 것이다. 공시(供試)된 mouse는 1984년(年) 11월(月)에 경북대학교(慶北大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 부속동물사육장(附屬動物飼育場)에서 생산(生産)되었으며, Griffing 방법(方法)에 의하여 일반결합능력(一般結合能力), 특수결합능력(特殊結合能力) 그리고 상반교잡(相反交雜) 효과(效果) 등(等)이 분석(分析)되었다. 일반결합능력(一般結合能力) 효과(效果)는 산자수(産仔數)에서 -0.4163~0.3337 그리고 생시체중(生時體重)에서 -0.0356~0.0894로 추정(推定)되었으나 유의차(有意差)는 인정되지 않았다. 특수결합능력(特殊結合能力) 효과(效果)는 산자수(産仔數)에서 -1.0388~1.7913 그리고 생시체중(生時體重)에서 -0.1144~0.1343으로 추정(推定)되었으나 유의차(有意差)는 인정되지 않았다. 상반교잡(相反交雜) 효과(效果) 추정치(推定値)는 유의성(有意性)이 인정되었는데 산자수(産仔數)의 경우 BALB/c${\times}$C3H에서 -2.36, CBA${\times}$C57BL에서 1.84, BALB/c${\times}$CBA에서 -1.50이었고, 생시체중(生時體重)의 경우 CBA${\times}$C57BL에서 -0.26 BALB/c${\times}$CBA에서 0.15 그리고 BALB/c${\times}$C57BL에서 -0.15이었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 과학 성취도, 과학 학습 동기, 자아존중감의 측면에서 상호동료교수 전략의 효과를 조사하였다. 남녀 공학 중학교에서 2학년 3학급(94명)을 비교 집단, 협동학습 집단, 상호동료교수 집단으로 배치하였다. '혼합물의 분리' 반원에 대하여 13차시 동안 수업을 실시하였다. 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 과학 성취도 검사에서 상호동료교수 집단의 점수가 비교 집단에 비해 높았음에도 불구하고, 세 집단간에 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 과학 학습 동기의 모든 하위 영역에서는 상호동료교수 집단의 점수가 비교 집단보다 유의미하게 높았다. 특히, 과학 학습 동기의 자신감 영역에서는 상호동료교수 집단의 점수가 다른 두 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다. 자아 존중감에서는 상호동료교수 집단 하위 학생들의 점수가 협동학습 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

Purpose: MEPs elicited by transmagnetic stimulations of the motor cortex are facilitated by voluntary muscle contraction. We evaluated the effects of the imagination of the movements on latencies of MEPs and reciprocal inhibition by using transmagnetic stimulations. Methods: Twenty two healthy volunteers(eight men and fourteen women) were studied. TMSs were delivered at rest and during imagining abducting or adducting right thumb. A stimulator with a round coil and a fixed intensity of 80% of maximum was used to evoke MEPs. MEPs were evoked by magnetic stimulations over the scalp and cervical spine(C7-T1), and central motor conduction times(CMCT) were calculated by subtracting the latency of compound muscle action potentials(CMAPs) obtained by stimulating over the cervical spine from that obtained by stimulating over the scalp. The motor evoked potentials were recorded from right abductor pollicis brevis muscle(APB) and adductor pollicis muscle(AP) simultaneously. Results: Imagination of abduction resulted in a shortened latency of the CMAPs in APB, and a prolonged latency in AP. Imagination of adduction resulted in a shortened latency in AP, and a prolonged latency in APB. But the imagination caused no significant change in the latency of CMAPs elicited by stimulation over cervical spine. Therefore, the changes of the CMCTs account for these latency changes with imagination of movement. With the imagination of abduction, there are significant reduction of the CMCT's in APB(10.8%) and prolongation in AP(5.8%). On the other hand, with the imagination of adduction, prolongation of the CMCT's in APB(7.3%) and reduction in AP(5.9%) were observed. Conclusion: These findings indicate that imagination of muscle contraction increases the excitability of the human corticospinal system. Reciprocal inhibition may be accountable for the prolonged latency in the antagonist muscle.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2021

Fumigation of fruits and vegetables during quarantine and pre-shipment(QPS) treatment should be effective with a shorter fumigation time to minimize phytotoxicity. In this research study, a shorter fumigation time, 2 hours exposure which is shorter than that of the current commercial fumigation procedures using a lower dose of ethyl formate (EF) mixed with phosphine (PH₃) on strawberry was investigated. The reciprocal effect between EF and PH₃ against nymphs and adult Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) was evaluated. In addition, L(Ct)₅₀ and L(Ct)₉₉ of EF only and EF mixed with PH₃ were analyzed at 5℃ and 20℃. The synergistic ratio (SR) of L(Ct)₅₀ and L(Ct)₉₉ for the nymph and adult stages of M. persicae were >1.0, which indicated a synergistic effect between EF and PH₃. However, the SR values of L(Ct)₅₀ and L(Ct)₉₉ of the nymph and adult stages of T. urticae were ≤1.0 indicating that there was no synergistic effect between the two fumigants against T. urticae. Our results showed that the reciprocal effect between EF and PH₃ has different effects on M. persicae and T. urticae. This could be attributed to the biological and physical differences between the class Arachnida and Insecta. The synergistic effect between EF and PH₃ against M. persicae within a shorter exposure period and without phytotoxicity on fruits and vegetables will significantly benefit the horticultural industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.554-562
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• 2006

Two lines of mice, M16 selected for rapid growth and a randomly selected control ICR as well as their reciprocal crosses were used to study the effects of genotype on whole-body energetics and intestinal responses to monensin. Six mice, eight weeks of age, from each line or reciprocal cross were assigned to one of two treatments, 1) drinking water containing 20 mmol/L monensin dissolved in 0.5% V/V ethanol, and 2) drinking water containing 0.5% V/V ethanol (control) for two weeks. After 11 days (age of 9 weeks and 4 days), whole-body $O_2$ consumption was measured. At the end of two weeks, jejunal $O_2$ consumption, intestinal tissue composition and histomorphometrics as well as the rate and efficiency of glucose absorption were estimated. In comparison with the control, monensin administration in drinking water resulted in less daily water intake (13.4 vs. 15.5 ml/mouse, p<0.01), less protein to DNA ratio of jejunal mucosa (5.41 vs. 6.01 mg/mg, p<0.05), lower villus width (88 vs. $100{\mu}m$, p<0.05), and less jejunal tissue $O_2$ consumption enhancement by alcohol (7.2 vs. 10.5%, p<0.01) in mice. Other than those changes, monensin had little (p>0.05) effect on variables measured in either line of mice or their reciprocal cross. In contrast, the M16 line, selected for rapid growth, as compared to the ICR controls or the reciprocal crosses, had less initial (pre-monensin treatment) whole-body $O_2$ consumption per gram of body weight (1.68 vs. $2.11-2.34{\mu}mol/min{\cdot}g$ BW, p<0.01) as compared to the ICR and reciprocal crosses. In addition, the M16 mice exhibited greater growth (412 vs. 137-210 mg/d, p<0.05), better feed efficiency (41.7 vs. 19.9-29.3 mg gain/g feed, p<0.05), shorter small intestines adjusted for fasted body weight (1.00 vs. 1.22-1.44 cm/g FBW, p<0.05), wider villi (109 vs. $87-93{\mu}m$, p<0.05), more mature height of enterocytes (28.8 vs. $24.4-25.1{\mu}m$, p<0.05) and a lower rate (91 vs. $133-145{\eta}mol\;glucose/min{\cdot}g$ jejunum, p<0.05) and less energetic efficiency (95 vs. $59-72{\eta}mol$ ATP expended/${\eta}mol$ glucose uptake, p<0.05) of glucose absorption compared to the ICR line and the reciprocal cross. Monensin had little (p>0.05) effect on whole-body $O_2$ consumption and jejunal function, whilst selection for rapid growth resulted in an apparent down-regulation of intestinal function. These data suggest that genetic selection for increased growth does not result in concomitant changes in intestinal function. This asynchrony in the selection for production traits and intestinal function may hinder full phenotypic expression of genotypic growth potential.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.686-697
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 추격 브랜드확장 상황에서 선행 브랜드확장과 추격 브랜드확장의 시장성과가 추격확장제품의 모브랜드에 미치는 반향효과에 대해 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 2(선행 브랜드확장의 시장성과: 성공/실패)${\times}$2(추격 브랜드확장의 시장성과: 성공/실패) 집단간 실험설계를 적용하였다. 가설검증은 이원분산분석(2-Way ANOVA)을 통해 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 추격 브랜드확장이 성공했을 경우 추격확장제품의 모브랜드에 대한 평가는 선행 브랜드확장이 실패했을 때 더 긍정적이었다. 하지만 추격 브랜드확장이 실패했을 경우 추격확장제품의 모브랜드에 대한 평가는 선행 브랜드확장이 성공했을 때 더 부정적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2015

Stage lighting plays a significant role in drawing out the mood and images that are intended by the choreographer. It is related to the dancers' movements and affects them both directly and indirectly. This study is on a reciprocal relationship between dance choreography and stage lighting, covering a broad range of functional factors of lighting effects on the dance choreography. Also, the data on preferred lighting colours and their frequency of usage are gathered through surveys by lighting specialists. The data is used to identify the lighting colour in general dance choreography. It is collected to serve the purpose of providing opportunities to acknowledge the needs of various colour changes on the stage. It is hoped that a collaboration of studies related in this subject are continuously promoted and researched in producing high quality dance performances.