• 한국연초학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 1995

Cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L. normally have pink flowers, but the flue-cured tobacco mutant line, BU 8832-85, had white flower. The mutant line was crossed with five normal varieties of KF 109, NC 82, TC 499, NC 567 and Coker 176. All Fl plants showed pink flower. The progenies of F2 generations were segregated with the phenotypic ratio 9 : 3 : 4 with pink, varigated(a recombinant type) and white flower, respectively. Test-cross populations showed 1 : 1 : 2 ratios. These results showed that the white flower character was controlled by two recessive genes. The genes were designated as FFCC for pink and ffcc for white flower. The recessive gene ff was epistatic to C and c. Therefore, white flower had a recessive epistasis gene.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2019

식물 바이러스는 작물 생산량 손실을 일으키는 주요 병원체 중 하나로, 돌연변이 발생이 빈번하고 치료 약제가 개발되어 있지 않아 방제가 매우 어렵다. 이러한 바이러스병을 방제하기 위한 가장 효과적인 방법은 저항성 품종을 재배하는 것이며, 바이러스 저항성 품종을 개발하기 위해서는 바이러스와 기주 식물 간의 다양한 유전자적 상호작용에 대한 정확한 이해가 필요하다. 열성 저항성은 병원체가 살아가는데 필요한 식물 유전자가 결핍되었을 때 획득되는데, 저항성 유전자(R gene)에 의해 유도되는 우성 저항성에 비해 넓은 범위의 저항성을 발현하고 돌연변이 출현에 쉽게 저항성이 깨지지 않는 특성을 보인다. 현재까지 알려진 바이러스병에 대한 열성 저항성 유전자는 대부분 순행유전학(forward genetics)를 통해 밝혀졌으나, 최근 CRISPR/Cas9 등을 이용한 유전자 교정 기술의 급속한 발전에 힘입어 역유전학(reverse genetics)을 통한 열성 저항성 작물개발의 가능성이 열리고 있다. 이러한 역유전학적 접근을 통한 열성 저항성 작물 개발은 먼저 바이러스 단백질과 상호작용하는 기주 인자를 밝히고 이들간의 상호작용을 억제하도록 하는 기주 인자에 대한 유전자 교정을 통해 이루어 질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 열성 저항성에 대한 소개와 새로운 열성 저항성 후보 유전 소재 발굴을 위한 기주 인자 연구의 중요성 및 방법을 소개하고, 열성 저항성 작물 개발에 적용할 수 있는 유전자 교정기술의 최신 동향에 관해 정리하였다.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2007

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil is versatile and used in many products. Modifying the fatty acid profile would make soy oil more functional in food and other products. The ideal oil with the most end uses would have saturates(palmitic + stearic acids) reduced from 15 to < 7%, oleic acid increased from 23 to > 55%, and linolenic acid reduced from 8 to < 3%. Reduced palmitic acid(16:0) is conditioned by three or more recessive alleles at the Fap locus. QTLs for reduced palmitic acid have mapped to linkage groups(LGs) A1, A2, B2, H, J, and L. Genes at the Fad locus control oleic acid content(18:1). Six QTLs($R^2$=4-25%) for increased 18:1 in N00-3350(50 to 60% 18:1) explained four to 25% of the phenotypic variation. M23, a Japanese mutant line with 40 to 50% 18:1 is controlled by a single recessive gene, ol. A candidate gene for FAD2-1A can be used in marker-assisted breeding for high 18:1 from M23. Low linolenic acid(18:3) is desirable in soy oil to reduce hydrogenation and trans-fat accumulation. Three independent recessive genes affecting omega-3 fatty acid desaturase enzyme activity are responsible for the lower 18:3 content in soybeans. Linolenic acid can be reduced from 8 to about 4, 2, and 1% from copies of one, two, or three genes, respectively. Using a candidate gene approach perfect markers for three microsomal omega-3 desaturase genes have been characterized and can readily be used in for marker assisted selection in breeding for low 18:3.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2021

The recessive white (locus c) phenotype observed in chickens is associated with three alleles (recessive white c, albino c^a, and red-eyed white c^re) and causative mutations in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene. The recessive white mutation (c) inhibits the transcription of TYR exon 5 due to a retroviral sequence insertion in intron 4. In this study, we genotyped and sequenced the insertion in TYR intron 4 to identify the mutation causing the unusual white plumage of Yeonsan Ogye chickens, which normally have black plumage. The white chickens had a homozygous recessive white genotype that matched the sequence of the recessive white type, and the inserted sequence exhibited 98% identity with the avian leukosis virus ev-1 sequence. In comparison, brindle and normal chickens had the homozygous color genotype, and their sequences were the same as the wild-type sequence, indicating that this phenotype is derived from other mutation(s). In conclusion, white chickens have a recessive white mutation allele. Since the size of the sample used in this study was limited, further research through securing additional samples to perform validation studies is necessary. Therefore, after validation studies, a selection system for conserving the phenotypic characteristics and genetic diversity of the population could be established if additional studies to elucidate specific phenotype-related genes in Yeonsan Ogye are performed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2007

Bulb color in onions (Allium cepa) is an important trait whose complex inheritance mechanism involves epistatic interactions among major color-related loci. Recent studies revealed that inactivation of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway was responsible for the color differences between yellow and red onions, and two recessive alleles of the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene were responsible for a pink bulb color. Based on mutations in the recessive alleles of these two genes, PCR-based markers for allelic selection were developed. In this study, genotype analysis of onions from segregating populations was carried out using these PCR-based markers. Segregating populations were derived from the cross between yellow and red onions. Five yellow and thirteen pink bulbs from one segregating breeding line were genotyped for the two genes. Four pink bulbs were heterozygous for the DFR gene, which explains the continuous segregation of yellow and pink colors in this line. Most pink onions were homozygous recessive for the ANS gene, except for two heterozygotes. This finding indicated that the homozygous recessive ANS gene was primarily responsible for the pink color in this line. The two pink onions, heterozygous for the ANS gene, were also heterozygous for the DFR gene, which indicated that the pink color was produced by incomplete dominance of a red color gene over that of yellow. One pink line and six other segregating breeding lines were also analyzed. The genotyping results matched perfectly with phenotypic color segregation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.626-631
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• 1997

옥수수의 숙기가 서로다른 8개의 자식계통과 이들간의 이면교배에 의하여 생산된 28개 $F_1$을 공시하여 등숙기간의 유전분석을 실시하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초기등숙기간에서는 상가적 효과가 큰 부분우성으로 추정되었으며 유효등숙기간은 비대립 유전자의 상호작용이 없는 초우성으로 추정되었다. 2. 총등숙기간과 흑색층 출현일수는 상가적 효과가 비상가적 효과보다 큰 부분우성으로 추정되었다. 3. 유전자 분포상태는 유효등숙기간과 총등숙기간에서 양친들 중 FR25는 열성유전자의 관여도가 크게 나타났으며 YUBC208은 열성유전자로서의 관여도가 크게 작용하였다. 4. 유효등숙기간과 총등숙기간에 관여하는 유효 유전자수는 최소한 5개 정도가 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2006년도 한국육종학회 공동심포지엄 및 학술대회
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• pp.36.2-37
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• 2006

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2014

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viral diseases in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and several genes for resistance were reported in Capsicum spp. In Korea, a single dominant gene that is resistant to $CMV_{Fny}$ and $CMV_{P0}$ has been used for breeding. Recently, a new strain ($CMV_{P1}$) was reported that could infect cultivars resistant to both $CMV_{Fny}$ and $CMV_{P0}$. Therefore, breeding of more robust CMV-resistant cultivars is required. In this study, we surveyed the inheritance of $CMV_{P1}$ resistance and analyzed the location of the resistance loci. After $CMV_{P1}$ inoculation of various germplasms and breeding lines, one accession (ICPN18-8) showed no visual symptoms at 15 dpi (days post inoculation) but was susceptible after 45 dpi, and one resistant line (I7339) showed resistance until at 45 dpi. The latter line was used for tests of resistance inheritance. A total of 189 $F_2$ plants were examined, with 42 individuals showing resistance at 15 dpi and a phenotype segregation ratio close to 1:3 (resistant:susceptible plants). In a lateral ELISA test at 45 dpi, 11 plants showed resistance, and the segregation ratio was changed to 1:15. These results indicate that resistance in C. annuum 'I7339' is controlled by two different recessive genes; we named these resistance genes 'cmr3E' and 'cmr3L,' respectively. To locate these two resistant loci in the pepper linkage map, various RAPD, SSR, and STS markers were screened; only nine markers were grouped into one linkage group (LG). Only one RAPD primer (OPAT16) was distantly linked with cmr3E (22.3 cM) and cmr3L (20.7 cM). To develop more accurate markers for marker-assisted breeding, enriching for molecular markers spanning two loci will be required.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.20.1-20.20
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• 2018

Genetic hearing loss crosses almost all the categories of hearing loss which includes the following: conductive, sensory, and neural; syndromic and nonsyndromic; congenital, progressive, and adult onset; high-frequency, low-frequency, or mixed frequency; mild or profound; and recessive, dominant, or sex-linked. Genes play a role in almost half of all cases of hearing loss but effective treatment options are very limited. Genetic hearing loss is considered to be extremely genetically heterogeneous. The advancements in genomics have been instrumental to the identification of more than 6,000 causative variants in more than 150 genes causing hearing loss. Identification of genes for hearing impairment provides an increased insight into the normal development and function of cells in the auditory system. These defective genes will ultimately be important therapeutic targets. However, the auditory system is extremely complex which requires tremendous advances in gene therapy including gene vectors, routes of administration, and therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in elucidating the genomics of genetic hearing loss and technologies aimed at developing a gene therapy that may become a treatment option for in the near future.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1976

1971年부터 1973年까지 安養에서 採集한 Drosophila melanogaster의 蹄2 染色體上에 保有되어 있는 致死因子, 不姙因子 및 可視突無變異體의 頻度를 調査하였다. 1) 致死 및 反致死因子를 保有하고 있는 染色體의 頻度는 3년간 평균 28.2% 로 나타났고, 3年간의 빈도는 큰 差異가 없었다. 2) 安養自然集團의 致死遺傳因子間의 同座率은 0.77%였다. 致死因子로 이한 集團內에서의 elimination rate $(IQ^2)$는 0.0008로 추정되었다. 3) 第2染色體에 保有되어있는 劣性不姙因子는 암컷 9.1%, 수컷 6.8%, 그리고 兩性不姙이 2%로 나타났다. 4) 劣性可視突然變異體인 rbl/rbl과 bw/bw은 第2染色體에서 동협접합자가 될 때 檢出된다. 本實驗에서 rbl 因子는 2.7%였고 bw 因子는 1.3%로 나타났다.