• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.359-378
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• 2011

UCP600 Article 20 (a) (v) states that contents of terms and conditions of carriage will not be examined and Article 34 states that a bank assumes no liability or responsibility for the general or particular conditions stipulated in a document. From this perspective, banks may seem to have no obligation to examine the pre-printed clause of B/L. However, ICC decided that no opinion could be given in relation to the issues surrounding B/Ls that contain delivery clauses. Accordingly, it is agreed by previous cases and some scholars that banks may refuse the B/Ls that contain delivery clauses which are not present in other B/Ls of the same goods and transport routes. Also, ICC published ICC Decision in July 2010 regarding on board notation. In this decision, if a B/L indicates a place of receipt that is different from the port of loading and there is an indication of a means of pre-carriage, then a dated on board notation will be required indicating the name of the vessel and the port of loading. Therefore, banks may,, in some cases, need to scrutinize the pre-printed clauses especially appearing in the front page of B/Ls.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2002

Using 3 years of panel data on nearly 3,507 households, the Korea Labor Income Panel Survey(KLIPS) data, the authors measure the determinants of poverty and unemployment, and the extents to which poverty influenced unemployment. The probit analysis of unemployment shows that unemployment probability is lower, when male, lower age and is higher, high-school and over junior college, work duration is over 3 years. The probit analysis of poverty shows that poverty probability is lower, when male, higher education level, longer career. specially unemployment and social insurance is determinants of increasing poverty. Bivariate probit model of unemployment and poverty also provides similar findings to those probit analysis and shows an evidence of the influence of unemployment on poverty along with the positive role of social welfare policy such that social welfare receipt reduces the impact of unemployment on poverty.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.210-220
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experiences. This study employed Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: The data were collected after receipt of consent from 250 single women with sexual experiences, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: $x^2=362.407$, RMR=0.065, RMSEA=0.070, GFI=0.867. TLI=0.927, CFI=0.938, IFI=0.939, and $x^2/dF=2.237$. Intention showed direct effect with the biggest effect being on reproductive health behavior. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a direct effect on intention. Among them, perceived behavioral control revealed the largest influence. Conclusion: This study suggests that the TPB is a suitable model in explaining the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experience. Strategic plans for educational and intervention programs should be aimed to encourage single women to engage in reproductive health behavior.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.2 s.105
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

A handover is a technology that enables data transmission and receipt seamlessly while a mobile station moves from the current base station to another base station. The handover is basically classified into two types; a horizontal handover which changes a radio link only without changing a network link, and a vertical handover which changes both in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose a vertical handover protocol in a dual base station which supports both of W-CDMA and WiBro networks based on SDR (Software Defined Radio), verify the rightness using a state transition diagram and a Petri-net, and evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol using NS-2 simulator.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

As mobile contents grow up, In App Billing is brisk at applications including mobile contents. But some of users don't pay and use charged content for free to use cheating payment module or hacking through applications. Call this bypass payment. Applications, helping bypass, are Freedom, IAP Cracker, and DNS server suggested by the hacker named Borodin. In case of mobile game, Despite sell a lot of charged content but income is different revenue in sales log with real profits. Because of users using bypass payment application. Management plan to bypass payment are checking OrderID, encrypting public key and verifying receipt.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-53
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• 2010

In connection with a non-cash payment through the banking system, "finality of payment" has acquired diverse meanings. In according to Section 4A-209(2), the acceptance by the beneficiary's bank by means of receiving payment "pursuant to section 4A-403(a)(1) or 4A-403(a)(2)," constitutes final settlement through a Federal Reserve Bank or through a funds-transfer system" or credit to the account of the beneficiary's bank. Above of all, Acceptance by beneficiary's bank is the most important. According to 4A-209(b), the beneficiary's bank can accept a payment order in one of four ways : First, by paying the beneficiary; obligating itself to pay the beneficiary or, Second, by notifying the beneficiary of receipt of the order or notifying the beneficiary that its account was credited or, Thirdly, by receiving full payment from the sender's order or Lastly, by passage of time, i.e., the opening of the next funds transfer business day of the bank following the payment date of the order. A beneficiary's bank is considered to have accepted a payment order when the earliest of the four means of acceptance occurs.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.39-58
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• 2006

This case study for a homeshopping company shows that the management of returned apparels by the partnership system increases the velocity of the returned goods, which not only minimizes the products' value loss but also improves the company's management performance. By incorporating the partnership system, following significant performance improvements have been identified: First, decrease in transaction cost and time between the homeshopping company and the partnering companies. Second, concentration of production line, accurate schedule management of receipt/delivery as well as collection of goods. Third, improvement of efficiency in procedures of returned goods and quality improvement of product provided by the partner.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2015

This study aims to examine how home child care allowance influences a mother's choice of child care type. To accomplish this goal, we surveyed 432 mothers who had at least one child under 5 years old. The data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, means and binomial logistic regressions. The results showed that unemployed mothers and mothers with younger children had a high tendency to choose home child care allowance instead of child care subsidy. Second, mother's employment status, age of first child and an interactive term of mother's employment status and home child care receipt influenced a concordance between an ideal and actual child care type. Unemployed mothers and mothers with younger children were more likely to experience a concordance between their ideal and actual types of child care. By investigating how home child care allowance affects the right of choice in child care type, this study provides empirical information to policy makers and researchers and contributes to develop cash-benefit policies for families with young children.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.112-122
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and profile distinct subgroups of patients with hypertension based on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding their medication and health lifestyle. Method: A descriptive-exploratory research design was employed. Two hundred and twenty-three patients with hypertension using W Public Health Center were randomly recruited on the basis of being over 30 of age. Upon the receipt of their written consents, direct interview with a structured questionnaire were conducted by a public health nurse. Descriptive statistics and $X^2-test$ were utilized. Results: Three subgroups were identified. Group I members had a low score on all three factors including knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to medication and health lifestyle. Group II members had a low score on one or two of the factors. Group III members had a high score on all three factors. The three subgroups were significantly associated with education level, economic status, non-smoking and non-drinking. Conclusions: Further research should be conducted to validate these findings and test tailored nursing intervention for patient compliance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1725-1733
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• 2012

This paper describes the design and implementation of a 3-tiered proxy driving system utilizing smartphones. This system provides customers with a convenient request facility, and enables proxy drivers to provide a prompt service based on customer's location information. Implemented system supports two methods such as the existing phone-call and the online requesting method using smartphones. Performance analysis shows that the higher the ratio of online requests, the greater the effect of decreasing of phone jockey's workloads and the reduction of request processing time through the automation of receipt and processing. From a proxy driver company's standpoint, this system minimizes the increase of phone jockeys, and improves customer satisfaction through good service quality. This system also helps the company reduce the cost and increase the market share.