• 대순사상논총
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• 제48집
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• pp.407-443
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• 2024

본고에서 후한 중후기부터 누적된 재정위기가 영제 시기 황건적의 난과 그 전제가 되었던 유민 발생에 영향을 주었음을 논증하였다. 후한 영제 중평원년(184) 황건의 봉기는 천재와 인재가 복합적으로 결합되어 일어난 사건이었다. 영제 시기 각종 자연재해에도 불구하고 유민 대책이 부실했고 영제가 유민들을 귀향시켜야 한다는 양사와 유도의 간언을 받아들이지 않았기 때문에 황건적이 반란을 일으킬 수 있었다. 그러나 영제의 부실한 유민 대책은 영제 개인의 각박한 성정과 공감능력 부족보다 화제 이후 만연한 자연재해와 강의 반란, 이 때문에 발생한 재정수입 감소와 재정지출 증가의 누적된 결과였다. 황건의 봉기는 1년도 되지 않아 진압되었다. 따라서 황건의 봉기 자체가 후한 붕괴의 원인은 아니었다. 오히려 중평 2년(185) 이월 기유일 남궁에 대화재와 궁전 재건을 위한 전 1무당 10전의 증세, 공개적이고 강제적인 매관매직 장려, 이에 기생한 환관(宦官)의 수탈이 백성들을 곤경에 몰아넣었고 결국 각지에서 백성들의 반란이 일어났다. 따라서 황건의 봉기와 달리 천재가 아니라 인재로 봐야 할 것이다. 본고는 후한말 동란의 원인이 만성적인 자연재해, 강의 반란으로 인한 군사비 급증, 재정의 악화가 복합적으로 작용했음을 주장하여 기존의 시각을 환기했다는 점에서 연구사적 의의를 지닌다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

This study reexamines a covert factor of the colonization of Myanmar kingdom, drawing on the case of Myingyun-MyingonDaing Rebellion broke out in 1866. It criticizes that existing discussions on the downfall of the Konbaung dynasty are preoccupied with post-colonialism. These researches were focus on macro level and pointed out the imperialist stratagem and many scholars concluded for the down fall of Konbaung Dynasty that the wave of Imperialism as Sunami hit from Europe to Asia so that Myanmar could not stand as feudal society and down fall Konbaung Dynasty. All of events and comments were quite true but it is necessary to examine carefully past events. There were many controversial facts about third Anglo-Myanmar war. This paper has pointed out the Kings Mindon's false political strategic due to the lack of awareness on external threat with the giving the best example of Myingun-MyingonDaing rebellion.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.453-468
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• 2018

Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 was considered pre Civil War South's most dreadful nightmare due to the merciless murder of white slave owner victims. The motive of vengeance has been emphasized as that of Turner's notorious black preacher religious fanaticism. However, the recent film, The Birth of a Nation (2016) directed by Nate Parker, utilized the identical title of a film (1915) directed by D. W. Griffith. Providing limited evidence, information about the rebellion in Thomas Gray's pamphlet The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831), was the only accessible historical source for the factual event of the slaves' rebellion. In addition, William Styron's The Confessions of Turner (1967), a fictionalized biography, also examined Turner's life in the harshness of slavery. Although these two texts deal with the personal level of Nat Turner's rage and religious enthusiasm, both provide only fractured parts of the motive of vengeance. Strikingly, Parker's film interrogates the ideology of "victims," as well as the hierarchical term of "confessions," with their different positions between whites and blacks. More specifically, Parker's film offers discursive fields of proslavery arguments regarding biblical interpretations in addition to external visualization of slaves' inner emotional lives. The film demonstrates how the institution of slavery allowed slaves to be exploited, beaten, raped, through interrogating the problematic image of the "contested hero" Nat Turner. In contrast to the traditional image of blacks' bloody rebellion, the film underlines the absurdity of certain Biblical misinterpretations. It furthermore implies how the 1915 film manipulated proslavery propaganda in America.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

조선후기 민심을 업고 반군이 등장하게 된다. 홍경래는 지역, 신분적 차별 등을 내세워 불만세력들을 규합하여 관군과 전투를 벌이게 된다. 초전에 가산군수 정시에게 항복을 권하고 함께 반란에 참여하기를 강요하였으나 정시는 죽음으로 거부하였다. 주변 관리들은 항거하지 않고 반군에 항복하는 행태를 보였다. 홍경래의 난이 평정되었을 때 가장 피해를 본 부류는 홍경래의 선전선동에 속아 가담한 백성 2천여 명의 죽음이었다. 반란 초기에 관군의 책임자들이 적극적으로 방어하였다면 무고한 백성들의 죽음은 없었을 것이다. 반군에게 항복을 거부하고 죽음으로 대항한 가산군수 정시에 대해 역사적 재조명이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2016

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is a crisis situation which effects women's lives physically, socially and spiritually. Investigating women's perceptions of this disease is crucially important for treatment decisions. We therefore determined social perceptions and interpretations of women diagnosed with breast cancer during therapy and in the post-treatment period. Materials and Methods: In the study, focus group and in-depth interviews were made with women still undergoing or having completed breast cancer treatment. Some 25 women were included in the research. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the qualitative data obtained after the focus group and in-depth interviews. Results: Some of the women demonstrated positive perceptions towards accepting the disease, whereas others had emotions such as rebellion and anger. The loss of a breast is important with different interpretations. Conclusions: Women's acceptance or rebellion against the disease varies within their social interpretations after the treatment, as at the stage of diagnosis/treatment. All stages of breast cancer negatively affect the social life of the affected individual as much as her body. Nurses assume crucial roles in coping with these negative effects. Thus, it is necessary to know, and sociologically interpret, what is indicated by the information on what the negative effects concerning the disease are and how they are interpreted.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 1997

The customs of women s riding horse was prevalent in thriving period. The face toilet was mainly used by Gau Chang pattern. Wha Jun (chinen; Hwa-Qun(화전), make-up on forehead), was influenced nearly by Gua Chang and distantly by India. Penciling eyebrows with blue was transmitted from persia. Chinese cosmetics was most influenced during Tang Dynasty for it's colorful make-up and facial decorations such as Aek-Whang(액황), Wha-Jung(화전), Jang-Yob(장엽), Swa-Hong(사홍) and those made many Dynasty, since those kinds of styles were the result of mixture between traditional chinese and western styles, it became so unique and diverse. The Declining period of the Tang Dynasty has begun from the turning point, resulting from Rebellion of An Ru Sha'. Rebellion of An Ru Sha' made the chinese people have a sense of precaution, and an antipathy against babarian. Furthermore, the power of Tang Dynasty onto the countries bordering on western china unfortunately was declining due to the defeat at 99 the Talas war in 751. As the fashion of ‘Ho’ disappeared the costume pattern was restored to the traditional Chinese style of large sleeve and broad width. However, the Tibetan mode was appeared in women's hair style and face toilet since Yuan Ha (801-812). In Song Dynasty, women's make-up and adorment were originated from Dang Dynasty, but those were more simple than in Dang Dynasty.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose is to prepare measures to effectively improve college life adaptation by identifying relevance between interpersonal relation disposition and college life adaptation, college life stress and college life adaptation for dental hygiene students. Methods: 375 dental hygiene students attending some local universities in Gyeonggi-do were sampled for convenience. The results of this study are as follows. Results: First, As a result of interpersonal relation disposition according to general characteristics, superiority-dominance tendencies were higher in first and third graders, in groups with grades above 4.0 and groups with lower subjective economic levels. And the stress of college life was high for second graders and students with lower grades than 2.0. Second, According to the correlation between factors, governance-dominance, independence-responsibility, sympathy-acceptance, sociable-friendliness, and ostentation-intoxication of interpersonal tendency factors had proportional relationship with college life adaptation, rebellion-distrust and college life stress had inverse relationship. Third, The results of multiple regression analyses to identify factors that affect college students' adaptation to college life were in the order of stress in college life, first grade, sociable-friendliness, second grade, rebellion-distrust. Conclusion: In order to improve college life adaptation, counseling and practical mediation programs should be developed and applied to effectively manage and control the negativity and positivity implied by interpersonal relationships and college life stress.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.112-126
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate visual elements of steampunk fashion and provide base line data for innovative fashion design ideas and products. We investigated design characteristics of steampunk fashion style shown in 3 movies and 3 animations. Based on the investigation, the research drew intrinsic value of steampunk fashion from three brands 'Vivienne Westwood', 'Dolce & Gabbana' and 'Alexander McQueen'. As the research analyzed movies and animations revealing steampunk style, various characteristics were found and assorted into similar categories. Subcategories of steampunk fashion are pluralism, rebellion and heterogeneity. The followings are result of analyzing three designer collection listed above. First, steampunk fashion made by designers used various color and materials to express multi-pluralistic(multiplicity) characteristic. Second, fashion style in collections revealed artistic and experimental design. This adventurous and innovative characteristic is categorized as rebellion feature. Third, steampunk fashion style used mix-match of unexpected materials or unbalanced silhouette to create a complete fashion style by combining styles in duplicity which could've lack harmony. Intrinsic value of steampunk is defined as graffiti of 19th century's science technology and utopia spirit. Longing for past and fantasy was expressed into fashion. Steampunk fashion wants to escape reality and tries to recreate history of the past faded away with technological development. It defines steampunk as freedom, deviation and fantastical utopia in positive point of view. Furthermore, aesthetic implication of steampunk style found in this research can make a boundary of steampunk style clear and become reference for future researches regarding steampunk fashion.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제66호
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• pp.9-33
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• 2017

본 연구는 임진왜란시 일본 종군승 또는 감군승을 통한 침략을 갈파하여 유림의 중봉조헌과 함께 의승 의병의 봉기를 대비하였으며, 실제 청주성 전투와 제 1, 2차 금산성 전투에 함께 참전하여 순국 순교하였던 사실을 강조하였다. 특히 영규와 휘하 수백 또는 수천 의승은 불교계에서 최초로 봉기하여 스승 청허휴정과 동문을 중심으로 전국적 의승 봉기가 이어지게 하였다. 이러한 의승은 <진산미륵사초혼기(珍山彌勒寺招魂記)>에서 영규와 의승장과 종사관 군관승(의병장(義兵將) 판관승(判官僧) 1명, 의병장승(義兵將僧) 8명, 종사관승(從事官僧) 2명, 군관승(軍官僧) 1명)만이 기록되어 있으나 종용사에는 '영규와 영규사졸(靈圭士卒)'로만 되어 있다. 영규의 사졸이 바로 의승인데 실록과 제문집류에서 20여명의 존재가 확인된다. 그 외에 다른 의승에 대한 구체적인 법명과 이들의 행적이 밝혀져서 그들의 순국 순교정신이 널리 추념되기를 바라마지 않는다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.499-512
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 먼저 유니섹스와는 그 개념과 차원이 다른 젠더리스 개념을 알아보고, 현대 패션에서 젠더리스 복식의 경향을 파악하며 그 특성을 살펴봄으로써 현대 패션에서 나타나는 젠더리스 복식을 통해 현대 패션에 나타난 젠더리스 경향과 특징을 짚어보았다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 국내·외 문헌, 패션 웹사이트를 통해 이론적 고찰과 컬렉션 사례 분석을 진행하였다. 이를 바탕으로 현대 컬렉션에서 젠더리스 성향이 강한 디자인을 분석하여 컬렉션에 표현된 젠더리스 복식의 특성을 도출하였다. 그 결과 현대 컬렉션에 나타난 젠더리스 패션의 특성으로 혁신성, 반항성, 미래 지향성의 세 가지를 도출할 수 있었다. 또한, 현대의 젠더리스 패션은 단순히 생리적인 성별에 따른 패션이 아나라 정신적 성별과 생리적인 성별에 대한 다양한 욕구를 내포함으로써 이는 성의 구분이 모호해지는 현재의 사회적 현상과 서로 상호작용하여 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 하나의 문화 현상과 유행이 된 젠더리스 패션를 이해하고 연구하고자 한 본 연구를 기반으로 앞으로 향후 젠더리스 복식과 관련한 많은 후속 연구가 진행되기를 바라는 바이다.