• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.403-428
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• 2010

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2001 and 2008 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment. And, the overseas investment, which was already done in other countries, 1. Review its realities and tendency in terms of investing countries, industries, and its scale and then Set up an actual model, based on strategic combination of investing location select and determination of Korean manufacturing companies. 2. Analyze how the situational factors have influenced and what factors would be considered for direct overseas investment. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.343-367
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• 2009

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2000 and 2007 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation factors and determining factors for investment. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment with the existing theory which convinces the need of competitive advantage for investing overseas. I set actual model and analyze results from it with the considering that it is so important to get knowledge and information for globalizing companies to invest overseas and companies, which want to be world leading ones for their field through innovation and changes, need to have more active strategy. And, the overseas investment, which was already done in other countries, 1. Review its realities and tendency in terms of investing countries, investing industries, and its scale. 2. Set up an actual model, based on strategic combination of investing location select and determination of Korean manufacturing companies and yearly investing factor-effect analysis. 3. Analyze how the situational factors have influenced and what factors would be considered for direct overseas investment. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, avoiding customs, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, which emphasizes to manage trade income and outgo, keeping the balance in the black, ensuring raw materials, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.103-127
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• 2015

This study is based on the criticism against life contempt tendency in the educational environment of our society. The purpose of this study is to find out the perception and expectation about the realities and formations of partnership between the home and early childhood educational setting of parents and teachers. The ultimate aim is to build a foundation which transforms educational settings into warm educational communities. The research participants were 4 mothers whose children attended the setting and 4 teachers of the early childhood educational setting (8 participants in total). The research results were as follows. The perception of the realities about partnership of parents and teachers was sub-categorized into four categories: 1)"partnership": essential aspect in children's positive development, 2) practicing with vague concepts, 3) lacking the awareness of companion or partnership, 4) disturbing cooperation between parents and teachers from external issues and problems. The expectation of parents and teachers about formation of partnership between home and early childhood educational setting was sub-categorized into five categories: 1) building of community consciousness for better partnership, 2) developing empathy and communication skills between parents and teachers for mutual understanding, 3) considering various strategies to promote partnership with different styles of parents, 4) activating teacher training and parent education in link with local universities and on-line, 5) providing support from the national level to establish new relationships between home and educational settings. Consequently, it will lead early childhood education settings to be transformed into warm educational communities which orientate respect for life.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.27-42
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• 2001

This paper reviews researches related with the elderly caregiving, which hale published during the 1990s. After analyzingthe 29 articles in this field, the major findings are as follows: First, the advantageous position in life chances which is consisted of socioeconomic status and resources tends to reduce th burden for the elderly care. The higher in social status, the more resources older adults have, the more advantageous in controlling their relationship with their children and caregivers. Second, values based on familism is more associated with providing caregiving services for their parents than those of filial piety. Third, the tendency that daughter-in-law takes the role of the primary caregiver suggests a possibility of diminishing her enthusiasm, and finally comes to recognize her role as an enforced one, as time goes by. Fourth, cargiving burden affects the diverse aspects of caregiver's way of life. When the lower class elderly has dementia, caregiving stress and hassle have reached at their peak level. For meeting the needs of reducing the burden for the elderly care, this study suggests community- based approach for the elderly care. This approach attempts to share the caregiving burden with local community. To share the burden means that the boundaries of caregivers does not limit family members, but to expand community. This attempt includes a plan that establishes multipurpose community center which provides comprehensive services and care for the aged. The theoretical rationale of this approach are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

This study was tried to suppose the necessity for the participations of the guardians or parents into dental health educations and for developing an educational program on the control of denial health in order to improve the dental health of handicapped children. For this research, it was investigated by a survey on the actual condition of dental health with an object of handicapped children, and simultaneously by analyzing the relationships between the realities of child's dental caries and guardian's acknowledgments and managements with regard to the dental health of the children. The 209 children and their guardians being in special school for the handicapped were surveyed about the actual conditions of dental health from 15 May to 30 June 2000. 1. The average of DT, MT, FT and DMFT index were 2.46, 0.13, 1.18 and 3.78, respectively. 2. As the parents' educational level (p<0.05) and economical incomes were high, the proportions the DMFT index were low (p<0.05). As the father of the handicapped children had a duty, the DMFT index were lower than the opposite case that the father had no duty. However. in the case of their mother, the presence of the duty has not showed any relationships with the DMFT index. And it was revealed that there was a tendency that the lower age of the parents showed the lower proportions (p<0.05) and index (p<0.001). 3. There was no meaningful differences for the DMFT index in the comparison between the children who can brush themselves or not, even though the children who can brush themselves showed relatively and slightly lower DMFT index than the children who can't do it themselves. 4. More frequent observations on the children's dental conditions by the parent resulted in the lower DMFT index(p<0.01). 5. As the parent had relatively more knowledges about the dental disease. the DMFT index were low. Therefore, as it was considered form these results, the parent should be required more positive participations for the improvement of their children's dental health. For promoting this participations, it must be required the development of educational programs and political services for the parent or guardians in order to improve the attendance into the educations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

This study is intended to reveal the nutritional realities of school children due to their box lunch. The samples were chosen at random from the third grade to the sixth grade children in an elementary school in Seoul : 122 male and 111 female children, 233 children in all. among the subjects, 44.3% have a family of four, 34.3% have over 500,000 won of family income a month, and 44.3% of their mothers graduated from a high school. The average intake of calories is 573.6 Kcal, and the ratios of the calory intakes to the recommended amounts are 90.6% in the third grade children and from the fourth grade to the sixth grade, 79.5% in the male children and 82.9% in the female children. The average consumption of protein is 21.0g and the ratio of animal protein is 41.4%. the ratio of energy yield nutrients is 67.4% : 14.5 : 18.0 (carbohydrate : protein " fat). Considering the recommended amounts, the intake of protein is enough; the consumption of vit, A, thiamine, niacin are appropriate;and the intake of calories, Riboflabin and ascorbic acid, calcium, iron are deficient. Even though there is no significant difference between the socioeconomic factors (the standard of education of the subjects' mothers and family income0 and the intakes of calories and protein, there is a tendency that the consumption of protein intake si more abundant in the middle class than in any other class. The subjects' distribution of the physical growth index, is as follows; A (6.9%), B(19.3%), C(48.5%), D(13.7%) and E (11.6%). As the subjects' intake of calcium increases, the weight shows significant improvement (p<0.001). As the consumption of calories increases, the physical development shows significant improvement (p<0.05), and the weight shows significant increase (p<0.001).

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-278
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• 2014

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2007 and 2012 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation factors and acturing factors for investment. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment with the existing the on which convinces the competitive advantage for investing overseas. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, avoiding customs, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, which emphasizes to manage trade income and outgo, keeping the balance in the black, ensuring raw materials, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-93
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• 2013

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2004 and 2011 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation factors and acturing factors for investment. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment with the existing the on which convinces the competitive advantage for investing overseas. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, avoiding customs, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, which emphasizes to manage trade income and outgo, keeping the balance in the black, ensuring raw materials, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 2006

Recent color plans in school buildings are made by experts through public offerings for prizes for designs etc in relatively many cases. But it is necessary to review if such color plans are actually well conform to students' emotions and what trend the color plans made as such have. Therefore, this study examined and analyzed the exterior colors of the school buildings planned by public offerings for prizes for designs and reviewed the result comparing to the color preferences of students that had already been studied to figure out the differences between existing theories and the realities. And it was examined what differences were existing in the trends of color plans and color images examined between each of school levels. The result of the study compared to theories is as follows. First, when the color distributions were reviewed for each school level, it could be confirmed that the overall distributions moved from Y category to B category and whereas warm colors were more widely distributed and the number of colors were greater compared to cold colors in case of elementary schools, the distributions of warm colors gradually decreased as school level moves to high schools. Second, the color use distributions of elementary school students were revealed to be more diversified than middle and high school students and also the number of colors used was 9.5 in average in elementary school and middle schools and high schools were similar to each other with average 5.86 colors in middle schools and 6.33 colors in high schools showing a little differences in color use distributions among school levels of elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Third, in case of elementary schools, except main colors, both of subsidiary colors and emphasizing colors had the distributions of warm colors of R, YR, Y categories and cold colors of B, PB categories and this is also consistent with the results of existing research results indicating that low grade students prefor for warm colors and high grade students prefer for cold colors. Fourth, in case of middle schools and high schools, although the distributions of warm colors decreased, the distributions of warm colors and cold colors were revealed to be similar. This is considered to be consistent with the existing research results indicating that girl students prefer for warm colors even if their ages go up. Fifth, as for the images of main colors, subsidiary colors and emphasizing colors resulted from the comparisons by solid color Image Scales and adjective Image Scales, first, in case of main colors, natural images or clear images appeared the most in all of elementary schools, middle schools and high schools indicating that basically calmness is emphasized with soft images rather than hard images and static images rather than dynamic images. Also, in case of subsidiary colors or emphasizing colors, cheerful images or splendid images are also seen to decrease as school level goes from elementary schools to high schools in adjective Image Scales and this is considered to reflect the color sentiment differences between children and juveniles based on ages.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

A wide range of challenges and obstacles still exist for "mumpreneurs" in creating or developing their business ventures. It is important to investigate the factors regarding why many mothers choose to become self-employed and partially abandon the benefits offered by traditional employment. This study focus on the individual, but an implied positive relationship also exits between motivational factors and mumpreneurs in Korea. Thus, four factors in this study - push, pull, environmental, and financial factor - raise the practical implications regarding the motivational factors of women entrepreneurial challenges in Korea. This study's findings also consider the nature and changes of Korean mumpreneurs' motivational factors, their challenges, and attitudes as business owners in Korean labor markets. This study's findings suggest that a combination of push and pull factors could similarly trigger new business ownership. The empirical contrast in such variables as motivations or barriers to mumpreneurship, in realities provide a superior understanding of women's tendency or willingness toward business creation, as they struggle to survive in the Korean labor market. They tend to start their own businesses to gain more responsibilities in both work and their families, and want to manage their own lives to contribute as capable members of society. Therefore, any Korean mother, regardless of any industry-specific experience, wants to use entrepreneurship as a shortcut to satisfy her need for self-fulfillment. The general motivational factors for becoming a mumpreneur exist among both external and internal situations. The circumstances beyond their control, such as job termination or unemployment, compel these mothers into the workforce due to their responsibility toward their families, but they simultaneously dream of self-achievement and development. Most mumpreneurs in Korea also want to demonstrate their potential and achieve societal recognition as well as increase in property.