• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.79-93
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• 2009

For developing the location based service which is individualized and specialized according to the characteristic of the users, the spatio-temporal pattern mining for extracting the meaningful and useful patterns among the various patterns of the mobile object on the spatio-temporal area is needed. Thus, in this paper, as the practical application toward the development of the location based service in which it is able to apply to the real life through the pattern mining from the huge historical data of mobile object, we are proposed STOMP(using Frequency of sequence and Weight) that is the new mining method for extracting the patterns with spatial and temporal constraint based on the problems of mining the optimal moving pattern which are defined in STOMP(F)[25]. Proposed method is the pattern mining method compositively using weighted value(weights) (a distance, the time, a cost, and etc) for our previous research(STOMP(F)[25]) that it uses only the pattern frequent occurrence. As to, it is the method determining the moving pattern in which the pattern frequent occurrence is above special threshold and the weight is most a little bit required among moving patterns of the object as the optimal path. And also, it can search the optimal path more accurate and faster than existing methods($A^*$, Dijkstra algorithm) or with only using pattern frequent occurrence due to less accesses to nodes by using the heuristic moving history.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.166-174
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• 2018

Since particulate matter has high impacts on human health and everyday life, the dual fuel systems utilizing diesel and compressed natural gas have been developed to improve the environmental performance of diesel vehicles. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic feasibility of the dual fuel system based on real operating data of dual fuel buses and diesel buses. The system is economically feasible if the annual mileage of the dual bus is higher than 30,000 km, or if the unit fuel price of diesel is higher than that of CNG by 408 won. The uncertainty analysis results show that the economic feasibility of the system is probabilistically high, regardless of the variability of input data such as mileage and unit prices for the fuels. The sensitivity analysis results show that diesel and CNG prices are the highest contributor to the net present value of the system. Based on these results, economic incentives are suggested to disseminate the systems. This study would provide valuable economic information for bus business industry and policy maker to help make decisions for applying and disseminating the dual fuel systems to mitigate particulate matter problems.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

Photo-curable material can be crosslinked among molecules by light source such as UV and visible light materials. Material properties are controlled by crosslink reaction. Shrinkage is occured during the curing reaction of material structure. Phenomenon of shrinkage stress occurs inside the product and reduce the stability of the product causes problems. Heat shrink the evaluation of the phenomenon has been formalized. But the evaluation of photo shrink is not enough. In this experiment, real-time contract with shrinkage tester phenomena and analysis degree of shrinkage of the material differences. According to the research, experimental results and theoretical analysis of the results were big differences. Shrinkage, especially for a number of different functional groups that were very different theory. These differences are occurred by the molecular structure different and not enough reaction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting childhood asthma and atopic dermatitis. Methods: For this study, data for 1,170 children (1-11 years) from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2, 2011) were analyzed. First correlation matrices were computed to test the normality of every data set and then to be in accordance with the real demographic composition, data were added weight before being analyzed. Results: The child with asthma of a three generation family (OR=3.91, 95% CI [1.33, 11.45], p=.013) compared with a two generation family showed higher asthma development, and maternal asthma (OR=9.71, 95% CI [2.66, 35.40], p=.001) showed higher asthma development in child. The only factor affecting atopic dermatitis was parental perceptions of child health: poor (OR=3.40, 95% CI [1.29, 8.98], p=.014). Conclusion: These results suggest that childhood asthma and atopic dermatitis are both affected by parental perceptions of child health. Accordingly, management and support programs for children who have asthma and/or atopic dermatitis and their families should be comprehensive and also give attention to any other health problems because health perception represents quality of life.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.593-615
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a mobile-based math learning application and explore its application. In order to develop a learning application, the present study included literature review on math education involving mobile learning, investigation of literature related to mathematics education conducted in a digital environment, and method of use and implementation environment of existing math learning applications by type. Based on these preliminary investigation and analysis, an android version application, 'Mathematics Classroom for Middle School 3rd Graders' was developed. This application can be used for learning units such as Quadratic Functions and Graphs, Representative Value, and Variance and Standard Deviation. For the unit on Quadratic Functions and Graphs, the application was constructed so that students can draw various graphs by using the graphic mode and discuss their work with other students in the chatting room. For the unit on Representative Value, the application was constructed with the mathematical concept of representative value explained through animation along with activities of grouping data acquired after playing archery games by points or arranging them according to size so that students can study when and how to use median value, mode, and average. The application for Variance and Standard Deviation unit was also constructed in a way that allowed students to study the concept of variance and standard deviation and solve the problems on their own. The results of this study can be used as teaching & learning materials customized for individual student in math classes and will provide anyone the opportunity to engage in an interesting self-directed learning of math at anytime. Developed in the format of real life study, the application will contribute to helping students develop a positive attitude about math.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.215-227
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• 2018

As Korea is rapidly becoming an IT powerhouse in the short term, various side effects such as cyber violence, personal information leakage and cyber terrorism are emerging as new social problems. Especially, the seriousness of leakage of personal information, which is the basis of safe cyber life, has been highlighted all over the world. In this regard, it is necessary to estimate the amount of the damage cost due to the leakage of personal information. In this study, we propose four evaluation methods to calculate the cost of damages due to personal information leakage according to average real transactions value, personally recognized value, compensation amount basis, and comparison to similar countries. We analyzed data from 2007 to 2016 to collect personal information leakage cases for 10 years and estimated the cost of damages. The number of cases used in the estimation is 65, and the total number of personal information leakage is about 430 million. The estimated cost of personal information leakage in 2016 was estimated to be at least KRW 7.4 billion, up to KRW 220 billion, and the 10 year average was estimated at from KRW 10.7 billion to KRW 307 billion per year. Also, we could find out the singularity that the estimated damage due to personal information leakage increases every three years. In the future, this study will be able to provide an index that can measure the damage cost caused by the leakage of personal information more accurately, and it can be used as an index of measures to reduce the damage cost due to personal information leakage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.991-997
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• 2006

Agriculture is usually the basis of a society, as well as the solution of dietary life. However, compared to other fields in which information-oriented system is rapidly accomplished, information system of agriculture certainly has slow growth since agriculture deals with a living thing. In addition, since government bodies related to filming have faced the difficulty of information system, they have tried establishing independent information system. The current agriculture-informationizing system can be considered as Agricultural Outlook Information System, Integrated agricultural marketing Information System and Outlook & Agricultural Statistics Information System but these systems are not effectively operated contrary to rut expectation, which$\sim\sim\sim$. Actually, there are some problems of bothinvestment duplicated and management by each independent government body, as well as Korea Rural Economic Institute-Commodity Model improper to real situation. In this paper, Agricultural Outlook Information, Integrated agricultural marketing Information, and Outlook h Agricultural Statistics Information System independently operated are integrated; Circulation Control, Technical Support, and integrated Database system are established; new integrated agricultural information system and various kinds of measures for activation of this system are suggested.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.495-517
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• 2018

This paper is based on the effects of Zone of Proximal Development and scaffolding theory of social constructivist, Russian psychologist Vygotsky. He insisted that a social interaction play a fundamental role in the development of cognition. This study is to examine the efficient of the scaffolding types in Math class. The ZPD is the distance between a student's ability to perform a task under adult guidances or with peer collaboration and the student's ability solving the problem independently. To conduct the research was grouped into an experimental first grader five students in H high school in Y county. After class, students were questioned through Semi-structured interviews. The results of this study are below. First, Students were satisfied with the class mixed micro-scaffolding types and Macro-scaffolding types and improved their math thinking ability and the ways of solving problems. Second, The results of the class showed that students' ability to perform a task was transferred to the higher level through the help of a teacher or peers. Students could have more time to listen to peers' opinions and to say their own thoughts freely than they were under the lecture method instruction. Third, Students were interested in math through the experimental class. That's because the appropriate help of the scaffolding type, a cooperate study, relative with real life, using an engineering tools. They made a change of perception.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.31-49
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• 2018

The boundaries of administrative districts are the basic system for the whole country and are closely related to the daily life of the residents. The administrative boundary of Korea is registered and managed in the cadastral study based on the intellectual study of cadastral system. There is a non-conforming land where the registration details of some cadastral studies do not match the actual situation of the land, and the cadastral rehabilitation project is implemented as a national project to create a new digital cadastral study. However, due to the cadastral rehabilitation project, there is an unreasonable parcel that the past administrative boundaries and newly registered boundaries are different from each other due to the registration of the past administrative boundaries for the newly registered cadastral studies. The purpose of this study is to identify the unreasonable administrative boundaries arising from the cadastral rehabilitation project and to identify problems in order to effectively manage the number of branches in terms of administrative and administrative efficiency in terms of registration and inhabitants management. It is expected that the legal system will be improved to legitimately control the boundary of the administrative district and to manage the boundaries of the administrative district accordingly and to provide the service and to solve the inconvenience of the nation.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.291-306
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• 2020

Nowadays, Data-Network-AI (DNA)-based intelligent services and applications have become a reality to provide a new dimension of services that improve the quality of life and productivity of businesses. Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance the value of IoT data (data collected by IoT devices). The internet of things (IoT) promotes the learning and intelligence capability of AI. To extract insights from massive volume IoT data in real-time using deep learning, processing capability needs to happen in the IoT end devices where data is generated. However, deep learning requires a significant number of computational resources that may not be available at the IoT end devices. Such problems have been addressed by transporting bulks of data from the IoT end devices to the cloud datacenters for processing. But transferring IoT big data to the cloud incurs prohibitively high transmission delay and privacy issues which are a major concern. Edge computing, where distributed computing nodes are placed close to the IoT end devices, is a viable solution to meet the high computation and low-latency requirements and to preserve the privacy of users. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of leveraging deep learning within edge computing to unleash the potential of IoT big data generated from IoT end devices. We believe that the revision will have a contribution to the development of DNA-based intelligent services and applications. It describes the different distributed training and inference architectures of deep learning models across multiple nodes of the edge computing platform. It also provides the different privacy-preserving approaches of deep learning on the edge computing environment and the various application domains where deep learning on the network edge can be useful. Finally, it discusses open issues and challenges leveraging deep learning within edge computing.