• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by the UV irradiated skin fibroblast and the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by these enzymes is known as one of the main reasons of photoaging. In this paper, to investigate the relationship between aging and Selaginella tamariscina extract (STE), we investigated the effects of antioxidant and expression of UVA-induced MMP-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. STE was found to show scavenging activities of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$/ values of 65.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and 40.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. UVA induced MMP expression was reduced 75.5% by treatment with STE, and MMP-1 mRNA expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore STE was able to significantly inhibition of MMP expression in protein and mRNA level. All these results suggested that STE may act as an anti-aging agent by antioxidation and reducing UVA-induced MMP-1 production.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1998

Carbon tetrachloride (CCI$_4$) induces the hepatotoxicity due to the reactive free radicals generated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzyme, which result in destabilization of cellular membrane. Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, has been known to suppress the CYP-450 enzyme activities. To study the effect of diltiazem in $CCl_4$-treated rats, we measured the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), contents of bilirubin, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine malondialdehyde and calcium. Also we conducted liver histopathologic examinations. Diltiazem, when administered 1 hour prior to CCI$_4$ treaeent, significantly reduced the activities of ALT and AST, the contents of microsomal malondialdehyde and calcium in liver and microsome as compared with those of $CCl_4$-treated rats. In addition, histopathologic examination showed that diltiazem prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis induced by CCI$_4$ in liver tissue. Our results suggested that diltiazem could inhibit the formation of free radicals and the influx of calcium. Therefore diltiazem may be applied to suppress the liver damage caused by $CCl_4$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.80-82
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• 2003

Since reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in carcinogenesis and other human diseases including neurodegenerative states, antioxidants present in natural products have received considerable attention for alleviation of these disease states. Therefore, in order io identify antioxidants in plant extracts, fifty-seven methanolic extracts derided from indigenous Korean plants were primarily assessed for potential to scavenge stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. As a result, nine plant extracts were found to exhibit the DPPH free radical scavenging activity in the criteria of $IC_{50}<40\;{\mu}g/ml$. In particular, the extracts of Melioma oldhami $(IC_{50}=0.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Myrica rubra $(IC_{50}=16.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Sympolocos paniculata $(IC_{50}=23.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Carpinus laxiflora $(IC_{50}=25.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and Cleyera japonica $(IC_{50}=26.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$ showed a potent radical scavenging activity. Further study for the identification of active compounds from these lead extracts might be warranted.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.724-733
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the direct antioxidative effect of 90 Kda heat shock protein (Hsp90) obtained from duck muscle. Methods: The interaction of Hsp90 with phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids was studied with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and their further oxidation in the presence of Hsp90 was evaluated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The scavenging effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was measured, and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with 5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) was utilized to determine the abilities of Hsp90 in scavenging hydroxyl and PTIO radicals. Results: SPR showed Hsp90 could bind with both phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids, and prevent their further oxidation by the TBARS assay. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity increased with Hsp90 concentration, and could reach 27% and 20% respectively at the protein concentration of 50 μM. The EPR spectra demonstrated Hsp90 could directly scavenge ·OH and PTIO· radicals. Conclusion: This suggests that Hsp90, a natural antioxidant in meat, may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, and may have potential use in meat products.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2023

Despite numerous advances in in-vitro embryo production (IVP), many documented factors have been shown to influence the development of mammalian preimplantation embryos and the success of IVP. In this sense, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlate with poor outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) due to oxidative stress (OS), which results from an imbalance between ROS production and neutralization. Indeed, excessive production of ROS compromises the structural and functional integrity of gametes and embryos both in vivo and in vitro. In particular, OS damages proteins, lipids, and DNA and accelerates cell apoptosis. Several in-vivo and in-vitro studies report an improvement in qualityrelevant parameters after the use of various antioxidants. In this review, we focus on OS and the source of free radicals and their effects on oocytes, sperm, and the embryo during IVP. In addition, antioxidants and their important role in IVP, supplementation during oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro culture (IVC), and semen extenders were discussed. Nevertheless, various methods for determining the level of ROS in germ cells have been briefly described. Still, it is crucial to develop standardized antioxidant supplement systems to improve overall IVP success. Further studies should explore the safety, efficacy, mechanism of action, and combination of different antioxidants to improve IVP outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1990

To evaluate tobacco quality, several mathods including sensory test, or measurement of some toxic compounds such as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke have been used. However, many detrimental effects of smoking on the physiological functions including respiratory system reported were turned out to be the action of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the amounts of oxygen free radicals such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical, even hydrogen peroxide in the cigarette smoke are thought the very important factors. In the present study, we have determined the generation of superoxide and the content of hydrogen peroxide using superoxide dismutase and catalase in the gas and particulate phases obtained from cigarette smoke, respectively. In the aqueous extracts of total particulate materials, suproxide and hydrogen peroxide were detected, and there was an excellent correlation between oxygen tint of oxygen free radicals in cigarette smoke may be a useful index for evaluation of cigarette quality in the aspect of smoking and health.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2004

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play an important role in photoaging by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. In this study, to develop a n ew anti-aging agent, we investigated the antioxidant activity and the inhibitory effect of Melothria heterophylla extract on expression of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and MMP-1 activity. The M.heterophylla extract was found to scavenge radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $SC_{50}$ values of $13{\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and $20{\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. UVA-induced MMP-1 expression was reduced about 80% by $100{\mu}g/ml$ of the M.heterophylla extract but MMP-1 Mrna expression was not inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that the M.heterophylla extract significantly inhibits MMP-1 expression at the protein level. Also, the M.heterophylla extract inhibited MMP-1 activity in a dose dependent manner. From these results, we suggest that the M.heterophylla extract can be used as a new anti-aging agent by antioxidant activity, regulation of UVA-induced MMP-1 production, and inhibition of MMP-1 activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2007

Free radicals are known to play important role in pathophysiology of hepatic disorders and antioxidants are employed along with other chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of such diseases. In search of natural antioxidant, successive extracts of Hypericum (H.) hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Extracts of aerial parts of H. hookerianum were subjected for 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radicals scavenging assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than other extracts in DPPH and in vitro TBARS assay with $IC_{50}$ at 5.82 ${\pm}$ 1.33 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 49.78 ${\pm}$ 3.79 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. While petroleum ether extract showed more potentials in scavenging the nitric oxide radicals with $IC_{50}$ 220.97 ${\pm}$ 2.69 ${\mu}g/ml$. The administration of $CCl_{4}$ to the control animals caused decrease in the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase, together with significant increase in the level of TBARS in liver and kidney. Reversal of these changes towards normal group was observed by administration of H. hookerianum methanolic extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, while other extracts were found to be less active.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2005

The steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa has been used for treatment of inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and hearing loss in traditional Oriental Medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ethanol extract of steamed root R. glutinosa (SRG) on cisplatin cytotoxicity of HEI-OC1 auditory cells. In addition, to investigate the mechanism of SRG on cisplatin cytotoxicity, the effects of SRG on lipid peroxidation as well as scavenging activities against various free radicals were measured in cisplatin-treated cells. Treatment of SRG protected cells from cisplatin and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SRG demonstrated significant scavenging activity against various free radicals, including superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that SRG protects cisplatin-induced damages of HEI-OC1 cells through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and augmenting scavenging activities against free radials.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2007

The radix of Pueraria thunbergiana BENTHAM (Leguminosae) is traditionally prescribed to attenuate the clinical manifestations of inner ear dysfunction and various clinical situations including fever, gastrointestinal disorders, skin problems, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol and treating chronic alcoholism in Oriental Medicine. In the present study, we examined the effect of ethanol extract of P. thunbergiana radix (EPR) on cisplatin-mediated HEI-OC1 auditory cell death. In addition, to investingate the protection mechanism of EPR on free radicals. Treatment of EPR protected cells from cisplatin and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EPR demonstrated significant scavenging activity against various free radicals, including superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that EPR protects cisplatin-induced damages of HEI-OC1 cells through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and augmenting scavenging activities against free radials.