• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) are messengers that carry signals to alter the redox state in order to activate plant responses and other physiological processes, such as differentiation, aging, senescence, and pathogen defense. Quite a large number of genes are involved in this signaling and lead to oxidative stress in plants. Although the role of ROS/RNS during stress conditions is well documented, a comprehensive list of genes and comparative study of these genes has not yet been completed. Accordingly, the in silico identification of oxidative stress-related genes was performed for soybeans and Arabidopsis. These genes were also studied in relation to multiple domain prediction. The presence of domains like dehydogenase and ATPase suggests that these genes are involved in various metabolic processes, as well as the transportation of ions under optimal environmental conditions. In addition to a sequence analysis, a phylogenetic analysis was also performed to identify orthologous pairs among the soybean and Arabidopsis oxidative stress-related genes based on neighbor joining. This study was also conducted with the objective of further understanding the complex molecular signaling mechanism in plants under various stress conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2016

플라즈마(plasma)란 전자와 이온이 분리된 제 4의 물질 상태이다. 이 연구의 핵심인 플라즈마 제트(plasma jet)로 재생과 출아를 하는 히드라(Hydra)를 처리하여 플라즈마가 히드라의 출아 정도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 연구를 진행하였다. 히드라는 자포동물문 히드로충강 히드로충목 히드라과 히드라속에 속하며 무척추동물이다. 몸의 길이는 약 5-15mm정도이며 촉수가 6-8개가 있다. 먹이 섭취는 촉수로 먹이를 마비시켜 입을 통해 먹는다. 히드라는 못이나 늪 등의 풀잎이나 물속에 떨어진 낙엽과 썩은 나뭇가지에 붙어 산다. 특히 히드라는 영양 상태의 좋고 나쁨에 따라 무성생식을 하거나 유성생식을 한다. 또한 약 1/200의 아주 작은 단위에서도 재생을 하는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 히드라에 플라즈마 처리를 함으로써 플라즈마가 히드라의 출아 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 실험에서 사용한 플라즈마 소스는 대기압 플라즈마 제트(Atmospheric pressure plasma jet)이며 Ar(아르곤) 가스를 이용하여 플라즈마를 발생시켰다. 플라즈마가 발생되면 생체용액과 반응을 하면서 ROS(reactive oxygen species)와 RNS(reactive nitrogen species)가 생성되는데 이 활성 종들이 플라즈마의 주요한 특성이라고 할 수 있다. ROS와 RNS에 의해서 세포가 사멸을 하거나 활성화되기도 한다. 또한, ROS와 RNS가 생체 시스템에 영향을 주는 것은 매우 잘 알려져 있다. 이 점을 이용하여 히드라를 1분, 5분, 10분 동안 플라즈마 처리하여 히드라의 출아 특성을 관찰하였다. 관찰한 결과 1분 처리한 히드라 Group과 5분 처리한 히드라 Group이 가장 개체 수 변화가 뛰어났고 10분 처리한 히드라Group은 오히려 개체 수가 감소하였다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.309-316
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• 2004

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the anticancer activity of monoterpene compounds. Monoterpenes showed generally the inhibitory effect on the proliferation o f L1210 cancer cells (cytotoxicity). Geraniol was found to exibit the most potent cytotoxic effect on L1210 cells with an IC50 values of $0.67{\mu}g/ml$. On the other hand, geraniol proved to be capable of stimulating the macrophage proliferation (135% of control). When the life prolonging activity of geraniol by daily oral administration of 0.1~10${\mu}g/10{\mu}l/20$ g body weight to Sarcoma 180 bearing ICR mouse was examined, there was also a significant elevation of survival (best result of 134% of control). The contradictory effects of geraniol on the proliferation of L1210 cells and macrophages proved to be accompanied by the coincident alterations of RNS (reactive nitrogen species) related enzymes activities such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (Inos) in macrophages and ROS (reactive oxygen species) related enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in L1210 cells, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.921-924
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• 2005

It is known that metallothionein (MT) plays a role in the scavenging of free radicals, which is produced under various stress conditions. MT may function as an antioxidant that protects against oxidative damage of DNA, protein, and lipid induced by superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that MT also protects from RNA damage induced by peroxynitrite, an important reactive nitrogen species that causes a diversity of pathological processes. A cell-free system was used. RNA damage was detected by the mobility of $tRNA^{Phe}$ in electrophoresis. Cleavages on tRNA were not induced by 3-morpholinosydnomine, which produces peroxynitrite directly. MT induced tRNA damage which was site specific.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.88-103
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• 2009

Objectives: There is currently increased interest in the identification of natural antioxidant compounds derived from various plants. Peony Root (PR) is used worldwide for the treatment of many types of cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis and hypertension. It has been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of glycosuria, hypertension and cancer. However, to date, no studies concerning the antioxidant properties of PR have been conducted. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro scavenging activity, inhibitory effect of LDL oxidation of pro-oxidant reactive species and anti-thrombosis effect in response to treatment with PR using various screening methods including biological and non-biological oxidants. Methods: In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from PR was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation and the inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Results: The PR extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity of oxidative stress [DPPH, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, etc.] as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation and on platelet aggregation. Conclusions: The PR extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the in vitro scavenging activity, inhibitory effect of LDL oxidation of pro-oxidant reactive species, anti-platelet aggregative effects and anti-thrombosis effects in response to treatment with SA using various screening methods including biological and non-biological oxidants. Methods : The antioxidant activity concerning extract from SA was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation and the inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Results : SA extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity regarding oxidative stress as well as an inhibitory effect towards LDL oxidation, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Conclusions : The SA extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of red algae Gloiopeltis tenax (GT). GT was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into four different types: methanol (GTMM), hexane (GTMH), butanol (GTMB) and aqueous (GTMA) soluble fractions. The antioxidant activity of the fractions from GT was investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of GT against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Among the four fractions of GT, GTMM and GTMB showed a marked scavenging effect against ROS, but they displayed very low levels of the scavenging effect against RNS. The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the various solvent layers, the GTMM and GTMB showed strong antimicrobial activities.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2021

The overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage to neuronal cells, leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we determined the nitric oxide radical (NO), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide anion radical (O₂^-) scavenging activities of apigenin. Our results showed that apigenin exhibited remarkable, concentration-dependent ·OH, O₂^-, and NO radical scavenging activities. Particularly, apigenin indicated the strongest ·OH radical scavenging activity with 93.38% in the concentration of 100 µM. Furthermore, we also investigated the protective effects of apigenin against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. The H₂O₂ treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, as well as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and ROS production compared with the H₂O₂-nontreated SH-SY5Y cells. However, the cell viability significantly increased in the apigenin-treated group, as well as inhibited ROS generation and LDH release compared with the H₂O₂-induced control group. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of apigenin against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y, we analyzed the apoptosis-related protein expression. The apigenin treatment resulted in the downregulated expression of apoptosis-related protein markers, such as cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax), as well as the upregulated expression of anti-apoptosis markers such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In this study, we report that apigenin exhibits a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that apigenin may be considered as a potential agent for neurodegenerative disease prevention.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2011

Crude extracts of Limonium tetragonum and their solvent-partitioned fractions were evaluated for their potential to scavenge authentic $ONOO^-$, and $ONOO^-$ derived from 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Four flavonol glycosides (1-4) were isolated by activity-guided separation. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive 2 D NMR experiments and by comparison with published spectral data. These compounds were also estimated for their peroxynitrite scavenging effects. The scavenging ratios of compounds 1-4 on authentic $ONOO^-$ were 56, 37, 56, and 54%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 ${\mu}M$. On the other hand, the inbihition ratios of compounds 1-4 against $ONOO^-$ generation from SIN-1 were 59, 39, 44, and 54% at the same concentration, respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.988-999
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• 2008

Objectives : The study was conducted to evaluate antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive effects of natural remedies. Alisma Rhizome (AR) has been used for a long time in Asia in folk remedies for treatment of hypertension and stroke and has been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of glycosuria, gonorrhea, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and jaundice and its diuretic effect. These pharmacological effects of AR might come from antioxidant properties of phytochemicals in these materials. Methods : In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from AR was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$ induced human LDL oxidation and on ACE. Results : The AR extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation and on ACE against all of the reactive species tested, with the water extract showing particularly strong antioxidant activities. Conculsions : The AR extracts have antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive effects in an in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.