• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.90.2-90.2
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• 2012

Graphene has recently attracted significant attention because of its unique optical and electrical properties. For practical device applications, special attention has to be paid to the synthesis of high-quality graphene on large-area substrates. Graphene has been synthesized by eloborated mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, chemical reduction of exfoliated grahene oxide, thermal decomposition of silicon carbide, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Ni or Cu substrates. Among these techniques, CVD is superior to the others from the perspective of technological applications because of its possibility to produce a large size graphene. PECVD has been demonstrated to be successful in synthesizing various carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and nanosheets. Compared with thermal CVD, PECVD possesses a unique advantage of additional high-density reactive gas atoms and radicals, facilitating low-temperature, rapid, and controllable synthesis. In the current study, we report results in synthesizing of high-quality graphene films on a Ni films at low temperature. Controllable synthesis of quality graphene on Cu foil through inductively-coupled plasma CVD (ICPCVD), in which the surface chemistry is significantly different from that of conventional thermal CVD, was also discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1428-1430
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• 1996

Thin Silicon oxynitride(SiON) films have been chemically deposited using 193nm ArF Excimer Laser CVD, with $Si_{2}H_{8}$, $N_{2}O$, and $NH_3$ as the reactive gases and $N_2$ as the carrier gas. Experimental results show that deposition rate and refractive index have a strong dependence on substrate temperature, chamber pressure, gas ratio, laser power and laser beam height. Electrical characterization of oxynitride films demonstrates that for $NH_{3}/N_{2}O$ flow ratios ranging from 0.25 to 1, the leakage currents, the interface trap density and the capacitances (dielect ric constant) increase and the dielectric breakdown fields decrease

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.250-250
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 차세대 상변화메모리(PCRAM)와 초고속 소자(FET) 등의 응용을 위하여 사용되고 있는 Ge 소재를 제조하기 위해새롭게 전구체를 개발하고 이를 CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) 공정을 이용하여 증착실험을 실시하였다. 새롭게 개발된 Ge 전구체 (isopropyl germane)는 기존 Ge 전구체보다 합성비용이 경제적이며 공정이 간단하고 상업적 생산에도 적합하다는 장점을 갖고 있다. Ge 박막의 증착은 증착압력, 증착온도, reactive gas (H2) 유량, carrier gas(Ar) 유량, 기판(Si, Pt 등) 등을 변수로 하여 실험하였다. 증착된 박막에 대하여 FE-SEM, XRD 등을 통하여 기본적인 물성분석을 실시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

Fish oil and shortening have been suggested to have opposite effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the effect of shortening and fish oil on CVD risk factors and aorta histopathology, and the association between risk factors and aorta histopathology. Male Wister rats (n=30) were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 20% fat in the form of fish oil, shortening, or soybean oil for 4 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG), and C-reactive protein levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil than in soybean oil and shortening groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (P<0.001) between groups. In addition, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil and shortening groups than in the soybean oil group. Insulin and glucose concentrations did not differ among groups. Effect of dietary fat on tissue fatty acid composition significantly differed in abdominal fat and brain compared with RBC, heart, kidney and liver. The aortic wall was significantly (P=0.02) thinner in the fish oil group than in the soybean oil and shortening groups. The aortic wall thickness was positively correlated with TG and TC, but negatively with EPA + DHA levels of all tissues. These results suggested that fish oil had protective effects on aorta histopathology by hypolipidemic action in this rat model.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

In our country, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are the leading causes of death. It is well known that CHD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors such as diet, level of exercise and cigarette smoking, and inherited factors. According to the statistical data in 2003, the cause of death with the highest mortality was including hypertension, ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis, which accounted for $24.7\%$ of total mortality. In spite of, there have been few study reports on the change of biochemical markers and mechanisms concerned. The development of biochemical markers is required for an early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases that are related with dietary habits of Korean people enjoying mixtures of traditional dietary style and westernized food-styles. Therefore, the most efficient cost-saving biochemical marker was established in this study, through analysis of biochemical markers related with dietary habits which are susceptibly being changed in association to cardiovascular diseases from the pre-disease phase, and through reanalysis and assessment of early diagnosis of and preventive effects of diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by demographical character including sex, age, and socioeconomic level with use of biochemical markers that are identified and selected among the parameters in consideration of the effectiveness and appropriateness of early diagnosis of diseases. The appropriateness of biochemical markers was reviewed by professionals (medical, pharmaceutical area and food/ nutrition area) and CRP(C-Reactive Protein) and was identified to be possible in Korea. It is thought that these biochemical markers may be used as the basic data for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which may be used for Korean people.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2007

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in adiponectin gene has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was performed to investigate the association of SNP 276G${\rightarrow}$T at adiponectin gene with CVD risk factors in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The subjects were 351 type 2 DM patients visited a DM clinic in Seoul, and the patients with known CVD were excluded. The adiponectin SNP 276G${\rightarrow}$T was analyzed and dietary intakes were assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The prevalence of G/G, G/T, and T/T genotype was 47.6%, 43.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. Male subjects with T/T genotype showed significantly lower level of adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol and significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level compared to G/G and G/T genotypes. In G/G genotype, protein intake was negatively correlated to body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and there were positive correlation between carbohydrate intake and BMI, waist-hip ratio, and ApoB/apoA-1 ratio in G/T genotype. However, in T/T genotype, there was no significant association between macronutrient intakes and anthropometric and hematological values. In conclusion, CVD risk would be high in type 2 DM patients with T/T genotype, and the association of macronutrient intakes with anthropometric and hematologic factors was different among the three adiponectin genotypes. These results may imply the need for different dietary management regime according to adiponectin genotype to lower CVD complications in Korean type 2 DM patients.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.404-413
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• 2018

Background: Dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in nonuremic patients. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity and their associations with CVD risk factors in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: All eligible PD patients in Tehran peritoneal dialysis centers were included in this cross-sectional study. Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength and physical performance were determined using hand grip strength and a 4-meter walk gait speed test, respectively. In addition, a 5-mL blood sample was obtained from each patient. Results: The prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity were 11.4% and 3.8% in PD patients, respectively. Serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in PD patients with dynapenic obesity than in dynapenic nonobese and nondynapenic nonobese patients. Similarly, serum concentrations of CVD risk factors in PD patients with sarcopenic obesity were higher than in nonsarcopenic nonobese patients, but these differences were statistically significant only for serum hs-CRP and triglyceride. In addition, muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass percentage were negatively associated with markers of inflammation and dyslipidemia, whereas body fat percentage was positively associated with these CVD risk factors. Conclusion: This study indicates that although the prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity are relatively low in PD patients, these disorders may be associated with CVD risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2643-2648
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• 2016

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are lower in Japanese compared with Western subjects. Since it is uncertain whether hsCRP is a potent predictor of mortality at low CRP concentrations, the present study examined associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large population of Japanese. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 4,737 men and 6,343 women aged 49-76 years participating in the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study of lifestyle-related diseases between February 2004 and July 2006. Hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with hsCRP levels were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 436 all-cause deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 8 years. The main cause of death was cancer. In men, hsCRP levels were positively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality as well as deaths from cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). All-cause mortality hazards for the 2nd (0.34-0.84 mg/L) and the 3rd (${\geq}0.85mg/L$) tertiles of hsCRP were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.73) and 1.75 (1.30-2.37), respectively (p for trend=0.001). In women, increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with elevated hsCRP levels was observed, but the associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions: HsCRP may be an independent predictor of all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality in apparently healthy Japanese men, but not women. The differential effect of hsCRP in predicting mortality risk by sex warrants further investigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.334.1-334.1
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• 2014

태양전지, 터치센서와 같이 투명한 전극(TCO: Transparent conducting oxide)이 필요로 하는 곳에는 금속 산화물 형태의 ITO, ZnO, FTO와 같은 투명 전극이 사용된다. 그중에서 FTO는 저렴한 가격과 높은 투과율, 낮은 저항으로 주목을 받고 있다. 뿐만아니라 FTO 박막은 다른 산화물 전도체에 비해 구부림에 강한 저항성을 보여 주고 있다. FTO 박막의 캐리어 전하 생성 원리는 F 원자가 O 원자의 자리를 치환하게 되면서 잉여 전자의 발생으로 전기가 흐를 수 있다. 아직까지는 화학적 조성비에 유리한 CVD를 이용한 증착 방법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 스퍼터 장비 역시 공정 가스에 따라 화학적 조성비 변화가 가능하고 CVD와 비교하여 공정이 간단하며 연속 공정이 쉽고 대면적 적용이 가능하다. 본 실험은 본사에서 R&D용으로 제작한 Daon-1000 S 장비를 사용하였으며 DaON-1000 S는 3개의 2" sputter gun이 장착 되어 있어 co-sputtering이 가능한 장비이다.