• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2006

In case of contacts between semiconductor and metal in semiconductor circuits, they become unstable because of thermal budget. To prevent these problems, we use diffusion barrier that has a good thermal stability between metal and semiconductor. So we consider the diffusion barrier to prevent the increase of contact resistance between the interfaces of metals and semiconductors, and the increase of resistance and the reaction between the interfaces. In this paper we deposited tungsten boron carbon nitride (W-B-C-N) thin film on silicon substrate. The impurities of the $1000\;{\AA}-thick$ W-B-C-N thin films provide stuffing effect for preventing the inter-diffusion between metal thin films $(Cu-2000\;{\AA})$ and silicon during the high temperature $(700\~1000^{\circ}C)$ annealing process.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.334-338
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• 1999

Porous silicon layers were fabricated with various conditions of HF concentration and current density. And their masses were measured. From these data, the porosity and fractal dimension were estimated and analyzed. We found that the porosity was proportional to the current density when the anodic reaction time was fixed and the constant values of fractal dimension could be estimated from a series of data with fixed HF concentration. The values of fractal dimension were decreased with increasing HF concentration. The obtained porosity and fractal dimension were compared with the 2-dimensional computer simulation based on diffusion limited deposition model. According to the simulation, the porosity was proportional to the diffusion length and the fractal dimension was inversely proportional to the diffusion length. Since, the diffusion length is proportional to current density and inversely proportional to base concentration, our experimental data qualitatively agreed with the results from the simulation. The porosity obtained by experiments, however, was not consistent with the results by simulation.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of process temperature on the alloying process during synthesis of $Sm_2Fe_{17}$ powder from ball-milled samarium oxide ($Sm_2O_3$) powders and a solid reducing agent of calcium hydrides ($CaH_2$) using iron nanopowder (n-Fe powder) by a reduction-diffusion (R-D) process. The $n-Fe-Sm_2O_3-CaH_2$ mixed powders were subjected to heat treatment at $850{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ in $Ar-H_2$ for 5 h. It was found that the iron nanopowders in the mixed powders are sintered below $850^{\circ}C$ during the R-D process and the $SmH_2$ is synthesized by a reduced Sm that combines with $H_2$ around $850^{\circ}C$. The results showed that $SmH_2$ is able to separate Sm and $H_2$ respectively depending on an increase in process temperature, and the formed $Sm_2Fe_{17}$ phase on the surface of the sintered Fe nanopowder agglomerated at temperatures of $950{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ in this study. The formation of the $Sm_2Fe_{17}$ layer is mainly due to the diffusion reaction of Sm atoms into the sintered Fe nanopowder, which agglomerates above $950^{\circ}C$. We concluded that nanoscale $Sm_2Fe_{17}$ powder can be synthesized by controlling the diffusion depth using well-dispersed Fe nanopowders.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2023

The physical properties were analyzed for four gas diffusion layers, and gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the cathode of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were fabricated through bar coating with three binder to carbon (B/C) ratios. Among them, The GDE from JNT30-A6P showed a significant change in secondary pore volume at a B/C ratio of 0.31, which had the largest pore volume among all GDEs. In the polarization curve, JNT30-A6P GDE showed the best membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance with a peak power density of 384 mW/cm² at a a B/C ratio of 0.31. From the distribution of relaxation time analysis, the peak 1 corresponding to mass transfer resistance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was significantly reduced in the JNT30-A6P GDE. This is the result that when the binder content decreased, the volume of the secondary pore increased, and the mass transfer resistance of ORR decreased, which played an essential role in the MEA performance.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

The extinction of unsteady diffusion flame was experimentally studied in an opposing jet counterflow burner using diluted methane. The stabilized flame was perturbed by linearly varying velocity change that was generated by pistons installed on both sides of the air and fuel stream. As the results, the extinction of unsteady flame is dependent not only on the history of unsteadiness, but also on the initial condition. We found that there are several unsteady effects on the flame extinction. First, the extinction strain rates of unsteady cases are extended well beyond steady state extinction limits. Second, as the slope of the strain rate change increases, the unsteady extinction strain rate becomes larger. Third, the extension of unsteady extinction strain rate becomes smaller as the initial strain rate increases. We also found that the extension of the extinction limit mainly results from the unsteady response of the reaction zone because there is no retardation effect of a mixing layer for our experimental condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.997-1009
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• 1999

Silica particle formation and growth process including chemical reaction, coagulation and sintering was studied in a counterflow diffusion flame burner. The counterflow geometry provides a one dimensional flow field, along the stagnation point streamline, which greatly simplifies interpretation of the particle growth characteristics. $SiCl_4$ has been used as the source of silicon in hydrogen/oxygen/argon flames. The temperature profiles obtained by calculation showed a good agreement with experiment data. Using one and two dimensional sectional method, aerosol dynamics equation in a flame was solved, and these two results were compared. The two dimensional section method can consider sintering effect and growth of primary particle during synthesis, thus it showed evolution of morphology of non-spherical particles (aggregates) using surface fractal dimension. The effects of flame temperature and chemical loading on particle dynamics were studied. Geometric mean diameter based on surface area and total number concentration followed the trend of experiment results, especially, the change of diameters showed the sintering effect in high temperature environment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.664-668
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• 2007

The magnetron sputtering was used to deposit Ni buffer layers on the polyimide surfaces to increase the adhesion strength between Cu thin films and polyimide as well as to prevent Cu diffusion into the polyimide. The Ni layer thickness was varied from 100 to $400{\AA}$. The adhesion strength increased rather significantly up to $200{\AA}$ of Ni thickness, however, there was no significant increase in strength over $200{\AA}$. The XPS analysis revealed that Ni thin films could increase the adhesion strength by reacting with the polar C=O bonds on the polyimide surface and also it could prevent Cu diffusion into the polyimide. The Cu/Ni/ polyimide multilayer thin films showed a high stability even at the high heating temperature of $200^{\circ}C$, however, at the temperature of $300^{\circ}C$, Cu diffused through the Ni buffer layer into polyimide, resulting in the drastic decrease in adhesion strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 1995

The reduction and diffusion process(R-D process) is an economical way to produce the functional materials which contain rare-earth elements and has been applied to the production of rare-earth magnet meterials($SmCo_5$, $Nd_{15}Fe_{77}B_8$), magneto-optical(MO) target materials and hydrogen storage alloy, etc. However, because of difficult to control of the final composition, the R-D process has not been applied to production of the 2-17 type rare earth permanent magnet materials which contain several elements. Therefore, this work was as a basic study for the production of the 2-17 type rare earth permanent materials with composition $Sm(Co_{0.72}Fe_{0.21}Cu_{0.05}Zr_{0.03})_{7.9}$ by the R-D process, the following were mainy examined ; the amount of metallic calcium as a reductant, homogenization condition of the alloy after the R-D reaction, masuring of magnetic properties of the sample after step aging. The sample prepared by the R-D process contained a little more oxygen than that prepared by the melting method, however, showed almost the same magnetic properties.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.819-826
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• 2020

The method of the Laplace transform has been used to obtain an analytical solution of the three-dimensional steady state advection diffusion equation for the airborne radionuclide release from any nuclear installation such as the power reactor in an area source. The present treatment takes into account the removal of the pollutants through the nuclear reaction. We assume that the pollutants are emitted as a constant rate from the area source. This physical consideration is achieved by assuming that the vertical eddy diffusivity coefficient should be a constant. The prevailing wind speed is a constant in 𝑥- direction and a linear function of the vertical height z. The present model calculations are compared with the other models and the available data of the atmospheric dispersion experiments that were carried out in the nuclear power plant of Angra dos Reis (Brazil). The results show that the present treatment performs well as the analytical dispersion model and there is a good agreement between the values computed by our model and the observed data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2001

For the fabrication of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{x}$ thick film using diffusion process between $Y_3$BaCuO$_{5}$ and BaO+CuO, each material was selected as substrate and doping material. In this paper, we investigated the characteristic of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{x}$ thick film due to both addition of CeO$_2$into substrate and initial particle size of doping material. Through X-ray diffraction patterns and SEM photographs, the variation of composition and thickness of the formed phase was observed. It was from the experiment obtained that the addition of CeO$_2$into $Y_2$BaCuO$_{5}$ substrate and the initial particle size of doping material play important part in promoting the reaction between substrate and doping material.aterial.