• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2022

This study investigated the influence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and progesterone on acrosome reaction and proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition boar sperm. The sperm were diluted with semen extender and incubated with NaHCO₃ and progesterone at 38℃, 5% CO₂ for 6 h. Plasma membrane integrity and acrosome reaction were analyzed using SYBR14/propidium iodide (PI) and FITC-PNA/PI doubling staining method, and proportion of PUFA was analyzed using gas chromatography. In results, Plasma membrane integrity was significantly decreased in 50 mM NaHCO₃ group and acrosome reaction was significantly increased by over the 100 mM NaHCO₃ group compared to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, progesterone significantly increased decreased plasma membrane integrity at 100 mM progesterone and acrosome reaction at over the 5.0 µM progesterone (p < 0.05), but there was no difference among the 5.0 to 100 µM groups. PUFAs were significantly decreased in 100 mM NaHCO₃ and 50 µM progesterone treatments compared to control group. In summary NaHCO₃ and progesterone induce acrosome reaction and reduce PUFA composition in boar sperm, therefore, the results maybe help to understand basically knowledge for the acrosome reaction and PUFA composition in boar sperm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.79-86
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• 2001

A method for actively minimizing dynamic reaction forces in a flexible structure subject to persistent excitations is presented. One difficulty with the method, however, is that forces and moments do not converge as quickly as displacements in mathematical discretization of continuous systems, so a controller based on a truncated model of a continuous system can produce poor results. A technique using residual flexibility matrix is presented for correcting the truncated force representation. A controller designed for reaction force minimization, using the residual flexibility matrix, is applied to a model of a flexible structure, and the results are presented. Implications of various reaction force penalty combinations on the resulting control performance are also discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.931-936
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• 1992

In operational pont of view, the batch reactor is quite different from the continuous reactor in that it is completely in unsteady states. This makes process variables swing over wide ranges and the process disclose its nonlinerarities. For the most part these nonlinearities are due to reaction heat. Accordingly it is very important to know the informations of reaction heat. This paper presents the method of reaction heat measurement in industrial batch reator which furnishes the limited measurable points. The informations of reaction heat are utilized in modeling of the batch reactor as well as deciding the stability and control variables.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.248-251
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• 1999

The optimal reaction conditions are determined for a PET process, which consists of transesteriflcation, prepolymerization and polycondensation reactors in series. Based on the simulation results of the reactor system, we scrutinize the cause and effect between the reaction conditions and the final properties of the polymer product. We then select the process variables with significant influence on the properties of polymer as control variables and calculate the optimal reaction conditions by iterative dynamic programming (IDP) algorithm with constraints. A new reaction scheme incorporating reactions for by-products as well as three main reactions is considered in the constrained IDP method.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.10 no.S_4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2001

The chemical behavior and properties of the redox state of environmental pollutants was investigated using electrochemical methods. The purpose was to measure the variations in the redox reaction of differential pulse polarograms and cyclic voltammograms. The results observed the influences on redox potential and current of various factors including concentration, temperature, salt, and pH. These were established factors as the effect of the redox reaction. It can be clearly recognized that the electrode reaction are from reversible to irreversible processes. Also, it was mixing with reaction current controlled.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1990

The reaction of sulfur dioxide with cupric oxide supported on zeolite was investigated over a temperature range of $250{\sim}450^{{\circ}C$. After the completion of the $SO_2$ removal reaction, the cupric sulfate produced was regenerated to copper by hydrogen or LPG. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of $SO_2$ was improved with temperature increase and with $SO_2$ inlet concentration decrease. The reaction of $SO_2$ with CuO/Zeolite was well explained by the shrinking unreacted core model using first order chemical reaction control and diffusion control. THe reaction rate constant and the effective diffusivity were respectively as follows: 1k (cm/s) = 2.519 exp[-10991 (cal/mol)/RT] $De(cm^2/s) = 2.06 \times 10^{-5} exp[-8380 (cal/mol)/RT]$

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2002

The chemical behavior and properties on the redox state of environmental pollutant has been investigated by electrochemical methods. We carried out to measure the variations in the redox reaction of differential pulse polarogram and cyclic voltammogram. The results observed the influences on redox potential and current of various factors with temperature and pH. These were established factors as the effect of the redox reaction. It can be clearly recognized that the electrode reaction are from qusi-reversible to irreversible processes. Also, it was mixing with reaction current controlled. The bits-phenol A in the waste water was made to compound with cobalt ion and it take away from the separation into compound. The $Co(BPA)_2$ compound was not found to be dissociation in waste water. However, this compound is avery unstable(K=1.02) and for a while, it was to be a dissociation. Therefore, we believed that it was likely to a toxic substance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2013

This paper proposes fault tolerant control laws using sliding mode control and adaptation laws for a satellite with reaction wheel faults. Considering system parameter errors and faults uncertainties in the dynamics of satellite, the control laws were designed. It was assumed that only reaction wheel failures occurred as faults. The reaction wheel faults were reflected in the multiply form. Because the proposed control laws satisfy the Lyapunov stability theorem, the stability is guaranteed. Through computer simulation, it was assured that the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller has a better performance than the existing sliding mode controller under unstable angular rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.967-974
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• 2017

Reaction wheel shows nonlinear torque response on low-speed region due to friction. Thus precise satellite attitude control on this region is hard to achieve. Previous research tries to solve this problem, by compensating friction or applying dither command. However, due to difficulties of drag torque modeling or frequent zero wheel speed crossing, these methods are not suitable to apply on the real satellite attitude control. To solve this problem, we propose the attitude controller gain adjustment method based on the attitude error.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.554-562
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• 2015

This paper describes an analysis of an architecture and control system of a firefighting cannon manipulator (FCM) composed of two joint axes and one water-shooting actuator. Because the orienting FCM motion is disturbed by the reaction force from water shooting, the water shooting force has been modeled for robust control. The dynamics model of the manipulator has been set up including the external force of water-shooting reaction on the manipulator. A PD Controller and Sliding Mode Controller have been designed and their performance been tested through simulation to track a desired trajectory under the disturbance of a water-shooting reaction. The simulation shows that the performance of the Sliding Mode Controller is better than that of the PD controller.