• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1125-1134
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• 2005

Purpose: This research investigated the daily experiences of patients' lives to develop a formal theory that explains the lives of schizophrenic patients. Method: A grounded theory method(Strauss & Corbin, 1998) guided the data collection and analysis. Thirteen patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia in regional communities participated. Result: The experiences of chronic schizophrenic patients are defined as "escaping from a fallen mine" comparing their suffering to that of entrapped miners trying to free themselves from a collapsed mine tunnel with much difficulty and without hope. In observing participant's time lines of having lived with chronic schizophrenia, it advances with 'surrender', 'collapse', 'reaching out', 'rising', 'preparing to spring up', and 'starting anew'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the experience of a chronic schizophrenic patient is like that of a miner caught under a fallen mine channel, who, without external help cannot escape the depths 'Of the mine, but at the same time must have conviction and hope of rescue and avert fear to cooperate with outside help. The result indicates that family members, doctors and nurses as well as an institute's persistent and active support is most critical for the patient's adjustment to social life.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-55
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• 2017

In the present study, PV/T collector was modeled via analysis of governing equations and physics of the problem. Specifications of solar radiation were computed based on geographical characteristics of the location and the corresponding time. Temperature of the collector plate was calculated as a function of time using the energy equations and temperature behavior of the photovoltaic cell was incorporated in the model with the aid of curve fitting. Subsequently, operational range for reaching to maximal efficiency was studied using Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. Optimization was performed by defining an objective function based on equivalent value of electrical and thermal energies. Optimal values for equipment components were determined. The optimal value of water flow rate was approximately 1 gallon per minute (gpm). The collector angle was around 50 degrees, respectively. By selecting the optimal values of parameters, efficiency of photovoltaic collector was improved about 17% at initial moments of collector operation. Efficiency increase was around 5% at steady condition. It was demonstrated that utilization of photovoltaic collector can improve efficiency of solar energy-based systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-280
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• 1977

As a major cause for postoperative hypoxia, the importance of increased physiological shunting is increasingly emphasized. This study is a review and analysis of postoperative physiological shunting following open heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Sixteen patients were selected from among 21 patients who underwent elective open heart surgery at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, from December, 1975 to September, 1977. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of postoperative physiological shunt was progressively increased from 18.8% mean value one hour after surgery to 22.7% mean value, reaching a peak on the second postoperative days. 2. For up to one week, large physiological shunt[15%] was persisted in one patient. 3. Comparing long[more than 90 minutes] with short[less than 90 minutes] perfusion time group using pump oxygenator, it was found that the physiological shunt increased about 3% in the long as compared with the short perfusion time group. 4. The mean blood pressure was 70-80 mmHg without a remarkable causal relationship between physiological shunt and mean blood pressure. 5. On elevated $PaO_2$[>200 torr], the physiological shunt was decreased less than 20% of cardiac output, but on diminished $PaO_2$[102 torr] after two days, it was 22.7% of cardiac output. From above results, a contrary causal relationship between $PaO_2$ and physiological shunt was obtained. Co Reviewing chest X-rays postperfusion, it was demonstrated that no remarkable causal relationship between roentgen-ray evidence and physiological shunt could be obtained.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.571-578
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• 2017

In order to approach information system through smart device and pc, user has to authenticate him or herself via user authentication. At that time when user tries reaching the system, well-used user authentication technologies are ID/PW base, OTP, certificate, security card, fingerprint, etc. The ID/PWbased method is familiar to users, however, it is vulnerable to brute force cracking, keylogging, dictionary attack. so as to protect these attacks, user has to change the passwords periodically as per password combination instructions. In this paper, we designed and implemented a user authentication system using smartphone's USIM without using password while enhancing security than existing ID / PW based authentication technology.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Pc1 pulsations are important to consider for the interpretation of wave-particle interactions in the Earth's magnetosphere. In fact, the wave properties of these pulsations change dynamically when they propagate from the source region in the space to the ground. A detailed study of the wave features can help understanding their time evolution mechanisms. In this study, we statistically analyzed Pc1 pulsations observed by a Bohyunsan (BOH) magneto-impedance (MI) sensor located in Korea (L = 1.3) for ~one solar cycle (November 2009-August 2018). In particular, we investigated the temporal occurrence ratio of Pc1 pulsations (considering seasonal, diurnal, and annual variations in the solar cycle), their wave properties (e.g., duration, peak frequency, and bandwidth), and their relationship with geomagnetic activities by considering the Kp and Dst indices in correspondence of the Pc1 pulsation events. We found that the Pc1 waves frequently occurred in March in the dawn (1-3 magnetic local time (MLT)) sector, during the declining phase of the solar cycle. They generally continued for 2-5 minutes, reaching a peak frequency of ~0.9 Hz. Finally, most of the pulsations have strong dependence on the geomagnetic storm and observed during the early recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.126-131
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• 2003

While the advantages of multicast delivery over multiple unicast deliveries is undeniable, the deployment of the IP multicast protocol has been limited to network domains under single administrative control. Deployment of inter-domain multicast delivery has been slow due to both technical and administrative reasons. For this reasons overlay multicasting technologies are recently proposed. We propose a End-Host Multicast Tree Protocol (EMTP) that searches two levels of the tree at a time until reaching to a leaf node and can select the nearest node that a new node try to join in the tree. Even if there is no available degree of the desirable node that a new node want to join, selecting the node as a potential parent by EMTP can reduce the number of tree switching with robustness of the tree and bring to ruduce the data delivery time.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to research the effects of vocalization on upper extremity motion during occupational performance and to compare non-meaning and meaning vocalization. Experiments were performed on 30 subjects. They had no medical history of neurological problems with their upper extremities. Using a tea cup, a tea tray, and a tea spoon, they set a table during vocalization. We used meaning and non-meaning vocalization with the subjects. An example of meaning vocalization would be naming something, and an example of non-vocalization would be saying, "Ah." We used a 3-D analysis system called CMS-HS. We analyzed the motion in the angular velocity and acceleration of the elbow while recording performance time. The results of this study showed that vocalization enhanced the angular velocity and acceleration of the elbow, and also enhanced performance time. In short, vocalization improved upper extremity motion by making it faster and smoother. There were no significant differences between meaning and non-meaning vocalization.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.362-372
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• 2008

Manufacturers, or vendors, and their customers continue to adopt vendor-managed inventory(VMI) program to improve supply chain performance through collaboration achieved by consolidating replenishment responsibility upstream with vendors. In this paper, we construct a mixed integer linear programming model and propose a genetic algorithm for the integrated inventory and routing problems with lost sales maximizing the total profit in the VMI supply chains which comprise of a single manufacturer and multi-retailer. The proposed GA is compared with the mathematical model on the various sized test problems with respect to the solution quality and computation time. As a result, the GA demonstrates the capability of reaching solutions that are very close to those obtained by the mathematical model for small problems and stay within 3.2% from those obtained by the mathematical model for larger problems, with a much shorter computation time. Finally, we investigate the effects of the cost and operation variables on the total profit of the problem as well as the GA performance through the sensitivity analyses.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-64
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• 2007

A life insurance industry's market is reaching a state of saturation recently, and the competition is as time goes by intense among the non-life insurance industry. Consequently, the insurance companies must grope a new source of revenue and develop a new business model for a stability growth. At the forked road, the insurance companies must group the existing and new customers in order to find the royal customers, and develop a new service with them. Accordingly, it is the time to study the advance of PB field and the royal customer management that will maintain and expand the new relations with them. Besides, the PB was the service to begin in needs of the specific group, but now it is regarded as a new source of high profit in the age of universal financial service among the financial circles. As a consequence, the PB marketing is introduced in haste, and such trend seems to be continued. Therefore, the plans that help the domestic insurance company reflect the characteristic of the insurance and expand the scope of business into the scope of property management according to the needs of customers under a universal financial service trend will be studied.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

Whereas apoptosis is a critical mode of cell deletion in normal organism development, apoptotic cells are also observed in tumor therapy. We therefore investigated the expression of apoptotic cells induced as a function of time and dose in murine A-20 lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide in vivo, by H&E and TUNEL method. The percent of apoptotic cells were scored from tumor section using TUNEL method. The expression of apoptotic positive cell was determined over a 10-day period following treatment of the mice with 200 mg/kg. Apoptosis increased further with time, reaching a peak value between 12~24 hr (scored 6.7$\pm$1.0%~6.1$\pm$0.7%), and then slowly declined to background levels by 10 days after treatment. The dependence of induction of apoptosis on the dose of cyctophosphamide was determined by treatment with 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg at 12 hr after treatment. Apoptosis was dose dependent in that as the dose was increased the percentage of apoptosis increased. However, the increase in apoptosis at the lower dose used (50 mg/kg) was higher on a per unit dose basis than that at the higher dose used (200 mg/kg). This result show that the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide strongly induces apoptosis in murine lymphoma.