• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제26권
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• pp.235-256
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• 1994

The purpose of this paper is to review concerns and activities related to the library of Germany as well as to look over recent trends referred to the maintenance of the library and its information service system since the unification of Germany in 1990. In fact, since the unification, many libraries in old East Germany have been closed with some precious books being lost. Also since most of libraries are short of funds and proper materials, it is real situation that they can not actively respond to the demand of information by library users who want to adapt themselves to changes, while only urgently requesting some support from old West Germany. In the meantime, the new government and libraries of Germany are giving a great effort to building an efficient document delivery system through financial support for the expansion of books and the purchase of urgently necessary library equipments in the poor libraries of old East Germany and support for the course to re-educate the in-service or unemployeed librarians, and also systematic organization between similar libraries, integration of national bibliographies, and maintenance of the interlibrary loan system. The nationwide interlibrary loan system, an expanded form of the system of old West Germany, allows the delivery of document to be easily performed, centered on both central cataloues for East Germany and West. However, in order to build an efficient information service system which covers whole Germany, it seems there needs more time required.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2020

Cost reduction and equality by exempting re-scanning of passengers, baggage and cargo secured from the first airport of departure, mainly in the European Union/European Economic Area(EU/EEA), Switzerland, etc. One-Stop Security(OSS) is being promoted to maintain the level of security while increasing speed and convenience, and movement is expected to expand worldwide. Therefore, this paper establishes the basic concept of OSS through a literature review of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices(SARPs), and analyzes the actual conditions of OSS implementation in major countries such as the United States and the EU. It is intended to present the political, economic benefits for Korea and highlight the urgency of implementing the OSS system in the aviation industry including the cargo sector. Therefore, the practical implications of strengthening international cooperation through the expansion of government and airport operators OSS implementation to overcome the resource shortage problem of the existing national air cargo security system and to strengthen the status as a global aviation powerhouse were drawn up. There is academic significance that it raised the need for effective implementation of OSS, which was not previously covered.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13호
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• pp.130-138
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• 1997

This study is to present the visual phenomenon of natural light in the interior space. The continuously changing natural light define the visual phenomenon of the architectural space. First, the objective of this study was finding the importance of the visual phenomena which were generated from correlating natural right with the interior space. And the second was to categorize the factors of the visual phenomenon which can be useful factors for modern interior design practice. As a result of this study, two visual phenomena were classified. First; territorial phenomenon: dividing, partitioning, and sectioning by natural light, Second; phenomena by the inflow methods of natural light; a) by direct inflow; transparency, expansion, and floating, b) by filtering fixtures; the architectural structure, color, and the transluscent material, c) by dramatic spacial present of natural light, d) by the sense of direction of naturel light; continuity, and transformatiov. Found and classified each factor is not presented by itself, rather compounded forms. Because of the limited analysis of modern buildings, these found visual factors can not represent all phenomena. But if we practice these finding factors to design present interior space, it is sure of being very valuable factors to re-introduce the overlooked natural light into interior space.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2008

We studied the effect of the variation of the lattice constant on the electrical properties of $SrRuO_3$ thin films. In order to obtain films with different volumes, we varied the substrate temperature and oxygen pressure during the growth of the films on $SrTiO_3$ (001) substrates. The films were grown using a pulsed laser deposition method. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the grown films at low temperature and low oxygen pressure indicated the elongation of the c-axis lattice constant compared to that of the films grown at a higher temperature and higher oxygen pressure. The in-plane strain states are maintained for all of the films, implying the expansion of the unit-cell volume by the oxygen vacancies. The variation of the electrical resistance reflects the temperature dependence of the resistivity of the metal, with a ferromagnetic transition temperature inferred form the cusp of the curve being observed in the range from 110 K to 150 K. As the c-axis lattice constant decreases, the transition temperature linearly increases.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

Current criticism regarding the "uniformity" of Korean apartments has shown not only tendencies of emotional and unscholarly criticism, but also lack of academic discourse. They tend to stay at the common-sense level and be quite subjective without supporting facts. This research began with questioning the phenomenon of seeing Korean apartments as an object of negative criticism. The research questions for this study are: 1. Of the living space of so-called apartment houses, what elements should be called uniform?; 2. How should the implications of the findings be interpreted? In this context, this study aims to reinterpret criticisms on the uniformity of apartments from a new point of view. First, literature review is done to examine characteristics of Korean apartments in the social-cultural, economic, and physical contexts. Next, existing non-academic, abstract criticisms are classified into three trends, to show that the way of understanding architectural spaces by those criticisms are limited and weighted towards visual perceptions focused only on the shape of architectural structures. Finally, it is argued that the viewpoints of space and residents' experience should be treated as important for the reinterpretation of criticisms on the uniformity. This is validated through presenting relevant cases such as changes of space uses, diversified lifestyles being accepted, and the expansion of living space.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

Non-small cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sensitizing mutations has a distinct disease entity. Patients with this cancer have better prognosis, and frequently achieve long-term survival. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the drug of choice for this cancer; but the disease inevitably progresses, after durable response. The tumor is a mixture of EGFR-TKI sensitive clones and resistant clones, regardless of their molecular mechanisms. EGFR-TKI sensitive clones are very susceptible to this drug, but rarely eradicated; so, withdrawal of the drug permits rapid regrowth of drug sensitive clones, possibly causing "disease flare." Re-administration or continuation of EGFR-TKI can effectively suppress the expansion of drug sensitive clones, even when the total tumor volume continuously increases. Chemotherapy can definitely prolong the survival of patients experiencing EGFR-TKI failure. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to compare efficacies of chemotherapeutic agents. A few retrospective studies suggested that a taxanebased regimen may be superior to others. Here, we reviewed therapeutic options and clinical evidence about this unique disease entity.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

The rapid industrialization since the 1960s has caused considerable changes in the appearance of Korean cities. The huge demand and cityward tendency derived from the increase of population with such the expansion from 9 millions in 1960 to 43 millions in 2003, have resulted in number of problems such as the falling-off in the quality of life, amenity, and safety. And above all, the urban identities is not to be found obviously in the cities. With regard to these problems, the re-creation of cities should be emphasized to make environmental, economical, and social improvements and to restore human-oriented activities. In the course of making new improvements cities need to preserve the characteristics and maintain the concordance with their environments. In other words, the restoration of cities ought to be made in the aspect of continuity, which means the accession of genetic factors inherent in cities. In this background, concerning about the system on apartment house especially relating to environmentally sound restoration and comparing with that of Japan, this study proposes the direction needed in the development of urban space.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2016

This study examines the digital era's fashion system and defines fashion leaders in the system. The study was based on a theoretical review and a research survey to verify the theoretical findings. The results are follows. The critical changes in the fashion system are expansion, cyclical direction and closer distance between producer and consumer. By inflow of media to a new channel, a layer of consumers was extended and the range of celebrities participating in the fashion industry has expanded dramatically. Simultaneously with the change from vertical communication to cyclical and interactive, the direction of communication was re-routed through diverse media. Crowd sourcing activated through two-way communication service has increased consumer opportunities to participate in production and consumption. Fashion leaders have changed significantly under this new system. The range of celebrities participating in the fashion system has increased and different fashion leaders have appeared. An interactive and cyclical fashion system has been established through media innovation; consequently, the influential power of celebrities and individuals for direct participation in the fashion system directly has increased significantly.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1993

This study is to observe and activate a groping of education based on the perceptual responses from the teachers and the students in fisheries schools. The conclusions of this study are as follows : First, lower level of the perceptual response was estimated in the curriculum and experimental courses, the financial and administrative supports from the Government, the contribution of a fisheries high school to the local society the wages of seamen and the co-works between the industries and the academies. Second, a careful consideration is needed for the fisheries school to have a different shape. As one way for co-works of the industries and the academies, two year program in school and one year internship in a related company should be formed for the curriculum in a fisheries high school. A localized support for sea area, a fisheries high school's role as a re-eaducation for the seamaen and opening a educational graduate school for teachers in the fisheries university are pursued. Third, the perceptual response from the teachers and the students are globally weighted in the acquisition of the license with a graduation of the school and then the credit for the military services, the entering into the same area of the higher education, the expansion of the experimental materials in the courses, developing the curriculum, the Governmental supports and the awareness for the local society, in order. The issues indicated here should be researched continuously for activating the education in the fisheries high schools.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2020

Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is a rare disease, and it can cause life threatening condition. It is characterized by the accumulation of more than 400 mL of blood and air in the pleural cavity without any other apparent causes. A previously healthy 22-year-old female patient presented with acute chest pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed a massive hemopneumothorax in the left hemithorax. The images showed a completely collapsed left lung with right-sided tracheal deviation, several pleural adhesion bands, and fluid collection with air-fluid level. We emergently performed a closed thoracostomy, and then 560 mL of fresh bloods were initially drained. We considered an emergent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary wedge resection and bleeding control because of the massive hemothorax. However, the patient's vital signs were stabilized after blood transfusion and supportive cares for re-expansion pulmonary edema. The patient discharged from the hospital on 11^th in-hospital day after removal of the chest tube, and there had not been any recurrence of the pneumothorax for 10 months. We suggest that treatment strategy should be decided upon individually based on the patient's condition and clinical course of the disease.