• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.250-267
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• 2017

주로 비형식교육활동으로서 이루어졌던 '메이커 활동'은 그것이 지닌 여러 교육적 가치와 효과로 인해 '메이커 교육(Maker education)'의 형태로 확장되어 새로운 교육방법의 하나로 실천되고 있다. 하지만 학교교육에서의 메이커 교육을 실천하는데 있어서 어려움의 중의 하나는 메이커스페이스라는 메이커 활동을 위한 공간이 부재하다는 점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 '메이커스페이스'를 학교 공간 안에 만들어가는 과정을 통해 메이커교육의 사례를 제시하고 그것의 교육적 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 방과 후 학교수업을 활용하여 고등학교 1학년 남학생 22명을 대상으로 8주에 걸쳐 '메이커스페이스 만들기'라는 메이커 활동을 진행하였다. 이후 성찰저널, 교사 관찰일지, 인터뷰 자료의 질적 자료들을 수집 분석하여, 메이커스 페이스를 만들어가는 과정을 통해 메이커 활동에서 강조하는 메이커 정신을 경험할 수 있었는지 알아보고자 하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해, '학교 내 메이커스페이스 만들기'라는 메이커 활동은 학교 내에 그 공간을 만들 수 있는 실질적 방안이 될 수 있으며, 동시에 메이커 활동을 하나의 새로운 교육방식, 곧 '메이커 교육'으로서 확장될 수 있는 교육적 가치와 의미를 지니면서, 21세기 4차 산업혁명시대에 다시 만나는 구성주의 학습 환경이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1082-1092
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• 2008

무선 센서 네트워크에서 LEACH와 같은 클러스터링 프로토콜은 전체 네트워크의 수명을 연장시키는 효율적인 방법이지만 클러스터 헤드 노드에 높은 부하를 주게 되어 급격한 에너지 소모를 유발하는 문제가 있다. 따라서 클러스터의 구성과 클러스터 헤드 노드의 역할을 주기적으로 교체하여 네트워크의 수명을 연장시켰다. 그러나 이 방법은 클러스터를 구성하는 과정에서 상당한 량의 에너지 소모를 보인다. 따라서 본 논문은 소모되는 에너지의 효율성 증대를 위해 클러스터링 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 알고리즘에서 서로 인접한 노드들은 intra cluster를 이루며 이 클러스터를 구성하는 노드들은 라운드 로빈 형태로 데이터를 수집하고 전송한다. 전체 네트워크의 관점에서 볼 때 이 intra cluster는 한개의 노드로 취급된다. 한 라운드의 setup단계에서 intra cluster들은 클러스터 헤드(intra cluster)에 의해 다시 클러스터를 형성(network cluster)하게 된다. 클러스터 헤드가 된 intra cluster의 모든 멤버노드는 라운드 로빈 방식으로 클러스터 헤드 역할을 수행한다. 따라서 intra cluster의 크기에 의해 라운드의 주기를 연장할 수 있다. 또한 steady-state에서 각 intra cluster의 노드는 라운드 로빈 방식으로 데이터를 수집하며 network cluster의 클러스터 헤드에 전송한다. 성능분석 결과 제안하는 방법은 제안된 클러스터링 방법에 비해 노드들의 에너지 소모가 줄어들었으며 전송 효율이 증가하였다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.305-322
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• 2006

오늘날 세계주의의 시대에 점차 많은 도시들은 재스케일화의 전략을 통해 국가적 차원에서 이탈된 광역생산네트워크를 구축하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 도시 내의 국지적 지리를 보다 효율적으로 통제하기 위한 도시 거버넌스를 재정비하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 도시재개발은 도시정부가 통치제도를 강화함으로써 세계화에서 비롯된 노후주택지구, 노동계급의 게토, 우범지역 등과 같은 위협적인 공간변수들을 제거하고 이 공간들로부터 교환가치를 증식, 전유하는 세계적 전략으로 이해된다. 본 논문은 이러한 실천을 '세계도시화(glurbanization)'의 한 과정으로 보고, 특히 세 가지 차원에 주목한다: 첫째는 도시정부가 빈곤을 '고안'해내기 위하여 도시재개발의 담론을 사용하는 방식, 둘째는 도시정부가 그 담론을 제도화하여 구체적인 재개발 프로젝트를 구현하는 방식, 셋째는 제도화된 도시기구들이 재개발 담론 및 담론적 실천을 그들의 목적에 맞게 전유하는 방식을 살펴본다. 본 연구는, 경험적으로 캘리포니아 재개발법과 로스앤젤레스 도시재개발국에 초점을 두어, 이들이 어떻게 소위 '황폐구역'으로 정의된 도시공간에서 토지수용권과 증분세금수입이라는 도구를 통해 어떻게 가치를 짜내는지를 분석한다. 방법론으로는 담론분석과 제도민족지법을 사용한다. 결론적으로, 본 논문은 황폐구역으로 낙인찍힌 도시 공간들이 '공공의 보건과 안전'이라는 담론을 통해 재개발기구의 덫에 가두어지고 있으며. 이들 빈곤지역으로부터 증식, 추출된 교환가치는 외부 투자자들, 개발업자들 및 재개발기구 그 자체의 자원으로 전유되고 있다는 점을 비판한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2007

We generated gene expression data from the tissues of 50 gastric cancer patients, and applied meta-analysis and gene set analysis to this data and three other stomach cancer gene expression data sets to define the gene expression changes in gastric tumors. By meta-analysis we identified genes consistently changed in gastric carcinomas, while gene set analysis revealed consistently changed biological themes. Genes and gene sets involved in digestion, fatty acid metabolism, and ion transport were consistently down-regulated in gastric carcinomas, while those involved in cellular proliferation, cell cycle, and DNA replication were consistently up-regulated. We also found significant differences between the genes and gene sets expressed in diffuse and intestinal type gastric carcinoma. By gene set analysis of cytogenetic bands, we identified many chromosomal regions with possible gross chromosomal changes (amplifications or deletions). Similar analysis of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), revealed transcription factors that may have caused the observed gene expression changes in gastric carcinomas, and we confirmed the overexpression of one of these, E2F1, in many gastric carcinomas by tissue array and immunohistochemistry. We have incorporated the results of our meta- and gene set analyses into a web accessible database (http://human-genome.kribb.re.kr/stomach/).

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

"Great things in business are never done by one person; they're done by a team of people." By Steve Jobs, 2003. As define by Linda Naiam - Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing. Innovation is the production or implementation of an idea. If you have ideas, but don't act on them, you are imaginative but not creative. So in order to maintain the pace with the changing business scenario and coping with the competition Innovation and Creativity is considered a mandatory tool for a business to exist and grow in market. Whether a company is Employee centric or Business centric Innovation and creativity has to have its space in order to keep a business ahead of others in the Market. Also it's not just the competition which has led to the Innovation and Creativity in Business practices it's also the demanding chunk of consumers and customers who are aware and prefer maximum choices before making a final deal. Another reason as to why there is a change in business practices is the globalization of businesses where you need to rope in the Innovative ideas to launch and sustain in new market. There had been tremendous shift in business practices but to give a room to innovative ideas and implement that creativity need ample to space and vision along with an attitude where in you can resist for getting an immediate results from innovative business practices. Corporate Creativity is characterized by the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to generate solutions. Generating fresh solutions to problems, and the ability to create new products, processes or services for a changing market, are part of the intellectual capital that give a company its competitive edge. Creativity is a crucial part of the innovation equation. The innovation and creativity is not limited to any area of business, it can start from your waiting lounge to your board room meeting depending upon how the things are perceived and implemented for the betterment of people and business. The purpose of this research is to understand the latest creative business approaches and practices that organizations are following to be different from their competitors. Also this shift from generic business practices to the Innovative and Creative approach seems to take the business into new world. This approaches means starting from the bottom of the Pyramid and finally touching the pinnacles in Innovation and creativity. The paper will discuss on the various areas of business where in innovative approaches can be roped in and sets new bench mark altogether in the business arena.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1993

Since nursing has come of age both as a profession and as a scholarly discipline, there has been increasing concern with delineating its theory base. In 1978 Chinn and Jacobs asserted that “the development of theory is the most crucial task facing nursing today.” The basic building blocks of theories are concepts. Concept formation begins in infancy, for concepts help us to categorize and organize our environmental stimuli. Concepts help us to identify how our experiences are similar or equivalent by categorizing all the things that are alike about them. concepts can be primitive, concrete, or abstract. Concept Analysis is a strategy that examines the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It is a formal, linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. It encourages communication. Its basic purpose is to distinguish between the defining and irrelevant attributes of a concept similarities. It is a process of determining the differences between concepts and it is useful for several reasons. It is an excellent way to begin examining information in preparation for research or theory construction and results in an operational definition and a list of defining attributes and antecedents. It provides the scientist with an excellent beginning for a new tool, is an excellent way of evaluating an old one and is useful in evaluating existing instruments. The steps of concept analysis are : 1. Select a concept, 2. Determine the aims or purposes of the analysis, 3. Identify all uses of the concept that you can discover, 4. Determine the defining attributes, 5. Construct a model case, 6. Construct borderline, re-lated, contrary, invented, and illegitimate cases, 7. Identify antecedents and consequences, 8. Define empirical referents. In this paper, the concept selected for analysis was Love. The concept of love is of great interest to nursing because loving care is considered vital to the nursing care of patients. The aims of the concept analysis of love were to clarify the meaning of love, to develop an operational definition for it and to contribute to existing nursing theory. Love influences the quality of life which is the goal of nursing according to Parse in her Human Becoming Theory. Lived experiences are the entities for study in Parse's Research Methodology. Human caring, human understanding, and human becoming are the most important issues in lived experiences. In this research, dictionaries and literature from nursing philosophy and other human disciplines were used to identify the concept of love. As many different instances of the concept as could be found were examinned. The model case was a real life example of the use of the concept. Next borderline, related, invented, and contrary cases were constructed for the purpose of providing examples of “not the concept” and for promoting further understanding of the concept being discussed. The defining attributes of the concept of love were concern, responsibility, respect, understanding and dedication. Love was defined as showing concern and understanding. relating with mutual respect and dedicating oneself responsibly to others. Concept analysis is a highly creative activity and may add significant new information to a given area of interest. It is a strategy for developing a concept based on observation or other forms of empirical evidence. The purpose of concept analysis is to generate new ideas. It provides a method of examining data for new insights that contribute to theoretical development. This concept analysis suggests that a nurse’s love for patients is shown in the process of giving oneself in mutual relationships of responsibility and respect and in continuously providing understanding and quality human care for them.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2007

Purpose: Anthropometry can be divided into two methods, direct anthropometry and indirect anthropometry. The most ideal and accurate method is a direct anthropometry. However, it is difficult to measure in the case of children because of poor cooperation, and it lacks re-productivity. Cast model has advantages of three dimensional featuring, inexpensive and easy fabrication. This study is conducted to find out an accuracy of indirect anthropometry on cast model by comparing it with direct anthropometry. Methods: Total 48 cleft lip nasal deformity patients (unilateral, 40; bilateral, 8) were included in this study. Cast models were made before surgery under general anesthesia with alginate impression material and model plaster. Eleven linear measurements among 7 landmarks were taken as direct anthropometry before surgery with Castroviejo spreading caliper. At the same time, indirect anthropometry on cast model was done at the same linear distances as well. Results: Of the total 11 linear measurements, both ala lengths, both columella lengths, nose width, projective distance between facial insertion points of the ala, projective distance between the alar base points, right nostril floor width, and columella width were statistically correlated between indirect anthropometry on cast model and direct anthropometry. However, the nasal tip protrusion and the left nostril floor width were not statistically correlated. Conclusion: Accuracy of indirect anthropometry on cast model can be influenced by cast model fabrication techniques and correct identification of landmarks. Nasal tip protrusion could be reduced by compression of the nasal tip in the process of cast model fabrication and nostril floor width can be varied by muscle relaxation of anesthetics and incorrect identification of subalare in cleft lip nasal deformity. If sufficient care is taken to make cast model and to define landmarks exactly, indirect anthropometry on cast model can be a reliable method as direct anthropometry.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2022

이 연구는 영화, 애니메이션에서 젠더표현에 대한 시대의 흐름과 변화를 살펴보고 있다. 사회적, 문화적으로 있었던 성별, 인종, 계급의 차별이 과거와 현대의 작품에서 어떻게 다르게 표현되었는지 비교한다. '디지털 네이티브' 세대의 무분별한 콘텐츠 감상은 잘못된 고정관념을 무의식적으로 만들어 주기 쉽다. 본 연구에서는 「알라딘」(1992)와 「알라딘」(2019)를 분석하였다. 1992년 2D 애니메이션이었던 원작을 2019년에 실사화 재개봉하면서 캐릭터들이 어떻게 변화되었는지 알아본다. 캐릭터 분석을 위해 인간의 성격 유형을 규정하고 있는 에니어그램의 9가지 성격 유형을 토대로 주요 캐릭터들을 비교 분석하고 차이점을 알아본다. 결과적으로 자스민 공주 캐릭터의 변화가 돋보였다. 과거의 디즈니 애니메이션에서는 가부장적이고 남성 의존적인 공주 캐릭터가 대다수였다면, 현재 디즈니는 자기 주도적이고 독립적인 여성상을 지향하고 있었다. 또한 성별, 인종, 계급의 고정관념을 심어 줄 수 있는 장면은 변경되어 있었다. 디즈니의 변화는 대중이 원하는 젠더 이미지를 표현했다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 작품 속 캐릭터 성격 변화에 대한 분석은 대중들에게 매력적인 캐릭터 제작에 있어 유용한 방법론이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.117-148
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• 2022

The full impact of COVID-19 has yet to be felt: while it may not define the new decade, it is clear that its immediate significance was to test many of the basic operating assumptions and procedures of global civilization. Even as vaccines are developed and utilized and even as it is possible to see the beginning of the end of COVID-19 as a discrete historical event, it remains unclear as to its ultimate importance. That said, it is evident that the academic exploration of Southeast Asia will also be affected by both the global and regional experiences of the pandemic. "Breakthroughs of Area Studies and ASEAN in the Era of Homo Untact" promises to help reconceptualize the study of the region by highlighting the importance of redefined spatial relationships and new potentially depersonalized modes of communication. This paper acknowledges these issues by suggesting that the transformations caused by the pandemic should motivate scholars to raise new questions about how to understand humanity-particularly as it is defined by societies, nations and regions. Given that COVID-19 (and the response to it) has altered many of the fundamental rhythms of globalized regions, there is sufficient warrant for re-examining both the ways in which disease, health and their related spaces affect the perceptions of Southeast Asia. To achieve "breakthroughs" into the investigation of the region, it makes sense to have another glance at the ways in which the discourses about diseases and health may have helped to inscribe definitions of Southeast Asia-or, at the very least, the nations, societies and peoples who live within it. In order to at least consider these larger issues, the discussion will concentrate on a formative moment in the conceptualization of Southeast Asia-British engagement with the region in the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries. To that end three themes will be highlighted: (1) the role that British diplomatic and military narratives played in establishing the information priorities required for the construction of colonial knowledge; (2) the importance not only of "colonial knowledge" but information making in its own right; (3) in anticipation of the use of big data, the manner in which manufactured information (related to space and disease) could function in shaping early British perceptions of Southeast Asia-particularly in Batavia and Java. This discussion will suggest that rather than see social distancing or increased communication as the greatest outcome of COVID-19, instead it will be the use of data-that is, big, aggregated biometric data which have not only shaped responses to the pandemic, but remain likely to produce the reconceptualization of both information and knowledge about the region in a way that will be at least as great as that which took place to meet the needs of the "New Imperialism." Furthermore, the definition and articulation of Southeast Asia has often reflected political and security considerations. Yet, the experience of COVID-19 could prove that data and security are now fused into a set of interests critical to policy-makers. Given that the pandemic should accelerate many existing trends, it might be foreseen these developments will herald the triumph of homo indicina: an epistemic condition whereby the human subject has become a kind of index for its harvestable data. If so, the "breakthroughs" for those who study Southeast Asia will follow in due course.