• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2011

Objectives: Public release of and feedback (here after public release) on institutional (clinics and hospitals) cesarean section rates has had the effect of reducing cesarean section rates. However, compared to the isolated intervention, there was scant evidence of the effect of repeated public releases (RPR) on cesarean section rates. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of RPR for reducing cesarean section rates. Methods: From January 2003 to July 2007, the nationwide monthly institutional cesarean section rates data (1 951 303 deliveries at 1194 institutions) were analyzed. We used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series intervention models to assess the effect of the RPR on cesarean section rates and ordinal logistic regression model to determine the characteristics of the change in cesarean section rates. Results: Among four RPR, we found that only the first one (August 29, 2005) decreased the cesarean section rate (by 0.81 percent) and continued to have an impact period through the last observation in May 2007. Baseline cesarean section rates (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.1) and annual number of deliveries (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.7) of institutions in the upper third of each category at before first intervention had a significant contribution to the decrease of cesarean section rates. Conclusions: We could not found the evidence that RPR has had the significant effect of reducing cesarean section rates. Institutions with upper baseline cesarean section rates and annual number of deliveries were more responsive to RPR.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.206-216
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• 2007

1. Objectives This Study recognize of the 17th Korean Assemblymen's Sasang Constitutional distribution and investigates Sasang Constitutional distribution of special group. 2. Methods The Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution was distributed to Korean Assemblymen's. The next, 2 persons of Sasang Constitutional Specialist interview directly, record of Korean Assemblymen's voice with PSSC and then concluded Sasang Constitution. 3. Results 1. After analysed Sasang Constitution with Questionnaire, We acquired zero person Taeyangin, sixteen persons Soyangin, nine persons Taeumin, zero person Soeumin. But, after direct interview examination, We acquired one person Taeyangin, seven persons Soyangin, twenty-two persons Taeumin, five persons Soeumin. 2. Soyangin rates was 20% practically, but Soyangin rates of amination with Questionnaire was 46%. Because Soyangin in Korean Assemblymen's expressed extrovert for oneself. 3. Taeumin constituted nineteen persons with Questionnaire, accounted for 54%. But Taeumin constituted twenty-two persons in direct interview examination, accounted for 63%. 4. Conclusions 1. In Uri Patty, Soyangin rates was 21%, Taeumin rates was 63%, Soeumin rates was 16%, Taeyangin rates was 0 %. The group of Taeyangin and Soyangin with activity and progression marked 21 %, the group of Taeumin and Soeumin with conservativeness marked 79%. 2. Grand National Parry, Soyangin rates was 14%, Taeumin rates was 64.3%, Soeumin rates was 14.3%, Taeyangin rates was 7.1 %. The group of Taeyangin and Soyangin with activity and progression marked 21.6%, the group of Taeumin and Soeumin with conservativeness marked 78.6%. 3. In comparison Uri Patty with Grand National Party, the rates of active Constitution marked 21.0% and 21.6% be much of a muchness. and in comparison Uri Parry with Grand National Parry, the rates of conservative Constitution marked 79.0% and 78.6% be much of a muchness.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of concentration and kinds of cryoprotectants, equilibraction time, thawing temperature and time, sucrose concentration on the survival rates of frozen bovine demi-embryos. The bovine demi-embryos following dehydration by cryoprotectants a various concentration of sucrose were freezed by cell freezer and thawed in 3$0^{\circ}C$ water bath. Survival and in vitro developmental rates was defined as development rates on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The high survival rates of demi-embryos after frozen-thawing in freezing medium was attained 2.0M glycerol. The high survival rates of demi-embryos after frozen-thawing in freezing medium was obtained using single cryoprotectant(25.0~30.0%) than mixed cryoprotectants(16.7~19.0%). 2. The survival rates of demi-embryos after frozen-thawing in freezing medium added 1.5M, 2.0M glycerol＋0.25M sucrose(37.5~33.3%) were higher survival rates than those of sucrose concentration of 0.50, 0.75M(12.5~26.7%). 3. The equilibration time on the survival rates of demi-embryos was attained after short period of time(30.0~35.0%) in the freezing medium higher than long period of time(21.1%). 4. The thawing temperature on the survival rates of demi-embryos was attained at 3$0^{\circ}C$ of thawing temperature(26.7~40.0%) higher than $25^{\circ}C$ or 37$^{\circ}C$ of thawing temperature(13.3~20.0%). 5. The thawing time on the survival rates of demi-embryos was attained at 1~5 minutes of thawing time(26.7~33.3%) in the freezing medium higher than 10 minutes of thawing time(13.3~18.8%).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2023

Objectives: Measuring the quality of care is paramount to inform policies for healthcare services. Nevertheless, little is known about the quality of primary care and acute care provided in Korea. This study investigated trends in the quality of primary care and acute care. Methods: Case-fatality rates and avoidable hospitalization rates were used as performance indicators to assess the quality of primary care and acute care. Admission data for the period 2008 to 2020 were extracted from the National Health Insurance Claims Database. Case-fatality rates and avoidable hospitalization rates were standardized by age and sex to adjust for patients' characteristics over time, and significant changes in the rates were identified by joinpoint regression. Results: The average annual percent change in age-/sex-standardized case-fatality rates for acute myocardial infarction was -2.3% (95% confidence interval, -4.6 to 0.0). For hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, the age-/sex-standardized case-fatality rates were 21.8% and 5.9%, respectively in 2020; these rates decreased since 2008 (27.1 and 8.7%, respectively). The average annual percent change in age-/sex-standardized avoidable hospitalization rates ranged from -9.4% to -3.0%, with statistically significant changes between 2008 and 2020. In 2020, the avoidable hospitalization rates decreased considerably compared with the 2019 rate because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Conclusions: The avoidable hospitalization rates and case-fatality rates decreased overall during the past decade, but they were relatively high compared with other countries. Strengthening primary care is an essential requirement to improve patient health outcomes in the rapidly aging Korean population.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

Background: Nuclear facilities in South Korea have generally adopted pressurized ion chambers to measure ambient gamma ray exposure rates for monitoring the impact of radiation on the surrounding environment. The rates assessed with pressurized ion chambers do not distinguish between natural and man-made radiation, so a further step is needed to identify the cause of abnormal variation. In contrast, using NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors to detect gamma energy rates can allow an immediate assessment of the cause of variation through an analysis of the energy spectra. Against this backdrop, this study was conducted to propose a more effective way to monitor ambient gamma exposure rates. Materials and Methods: The following methods were used to analyze gamma energy spectra measured from January to November 2016 with NaI detectors installed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) dormitory and Hanbat University. 1) Correlations of the variation of rates measured at the two locations were determined. 2) The dates, intervals, duration, and weather conditions were identified when rates increased by $5nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ or more. 3) Differences in the NaI spectra on normal days and days where rates spiked by $5nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ or more were studied. 4) An algorithm was derived for automatically calculating the net variation of the rates. Results and Discussion: The rates measured at KAERI and Hanbat University, located 12 kilometers apart, did not show a strong correlation (coefficient of determination = 0.577). Time gaps between spikes in the rates and rainfall were factors that affected the correlation. The weather conditions on days where rates went up by $5nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ or more featured rainfall, snowfall, or overcast, as well as an increase in peaks of the gamma rays emitted from the radon decay products of $^{214}Pb$ and $^{214}Bi$ in the spectrum. This study assumed that $^{214}Pb$ and $^{214}Bi$ exist at a radioactive equilibrium, since both have relatively short half-lives of under 30 minutes. Provided that this assumption is true and that the gamma peaks of the 352 keV and 1,764 keV gamma rays emitted from the radionuclides have proportional count rates, no man-made radiation should be present between the two energy levels. This study proved that this assumption was true by demonstrating a linear correlation between the count rates of these two gamma peaks. In conclusion, if the count rates of these two peaks detected in the gamma energy spectrum at a certain time maintain the ratio measured at a normal time, such variation can be confirmed to be caused by natural radiation. Conclusion: This study confirmed that both $^{214}Pb$ and $^{214}Bi$ have relatively short half-lives of under 30 minutes, thereby existing in a radioactive equilibrium in the atmosphere. If the gamma peaks of the 352 keV and 1,764 keV gamma rays emitted from these radionuclides have proportional count rates, no man-made radiation should exist between the two energy levels.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-202
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• 2002

A study on reflective spectrum between In-Ceram alumina plate(IAP) and IPS empress 2 plate were carried out in order to determine the difference of reflective spectrum rates between materials and between thicknesses of materials(0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm) by visible wave. The rates are measured by spectrophotometer(Top scan model TC-1800). And an analysis of ANOVA and paired sample t-test were carried out. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The reflective rates of IAP and IPS increased slowly as visible wave spectrum increased. 2. The difference of reflective rates of IAP between 0.8mm and 1.0mm is significant but a little(less than 1%). The differences of reflective rates of IAP between 0.8mm and l.2mm and between 1.0mm and l.2mm are significant(8%, 10% ). 3. The differences of reflective rates of IPS between 0.8mm and 1.0mm and between 0.8mm and 1.2mm and between 1.0mm and 1.2mm are significant(0.06 %, 0.01 %, 2 %). 4. The differences of reflective rates of 0.8mm, 1.0mm between IAP and IPS are significant but a little(less than 0.9%, 0.5%). The difference of reflective rates of l.2mm between IAP and IPS is significant and larger than the other thicknesses relatively(7 %).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate on the survival and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by microblade, micropipette and pronase methods. Bisected embryos cultured for 1∼7 days in TCM-199 media with 10 FCS＋hormones. Survival and in vitro developmental rates was defined on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The survival and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by microblade, micropipette and pronase methods were 22.2, 16.7, 15.0% and 22.2, 23.3, 18.8%, respectively. In vitro developmental rate of bisected bovine embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(27.8% and 25.0%). 2. In vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos bisected for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 cells stages during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 25.0, 20.0, 20.0, 15.0 and 6.7%, respectively. 3. In vitro developmental rates of intact and free-zona pellucida of bisected demi-embryos during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 25.6, 16.7%, respectively. 4. In vitro developmental rates of biopsied embryos and biopsied blastomeres during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 20.0, 11.1%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.791-798
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• 2006

In order to investigate the NVOC (Natural Volatile Organic Compound) emissions from White Oak, the emission rates of isoprene were measured according to season, weather conditions, and the age of the tree. The analysis of seasonal emission rates showed that the emission rates were the highest during summer followed by spring and fall. The emission rates during summer were found to be nearly 8 times greater than those during fall. In addition, it was observed that the emission rates of isoprene depends on PAR and temperature. Moreover, the effect of age on the emission rates was studied, and the White Oak in the age range of $21{\sim}30$ had higher emission rates than that in the range of $41{\sim}50$. Accordingly, the current result indicates that the isoprene emissions are affected by both meteorological parameter and the age of a tree.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.291-298
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• 2017

This study is to examine the status and trends of regional elderly group(pre-elderly and elderly segment)'s suicide rates and socio-economic factors, to analyze the relevance of suicide rates and socio-economic factors, and to understand differential factors of elderly group's suicide rates between metropolitan areas and small-medium sized areas. For this, analysis on relevance between socio-economic factors and elderly group's suicide rates has been done using regional statistical data for the past ten years(2006~2015) by National Statistical office. According to research findings, Socio-economic factors such as welfare budget ratio, divorce rates, economic activity rates, and financial independent rates have shown different effects on elderly group's suicide rates by age range and regional characteristics. Based on these analyses, this study suggested policy tasks for alleviating suicide rates of elderly group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2607-2612
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• 2014

Background: Cancer screening rates in Japan are much lower than those in Western countries. This study evaluated the relationship between cancer screening rates and strategies used to improve screening rates, and determined which strategy is the most effective. Materials and Methods: All municipalities are responsible for conducting gastric, lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screenings in Japan. Of the 1,746 municipalities in total, 92-99% were included in the analyses for each cancer screening. Using national data in 2009, the correlations between cancer screening rates and strategies for improving screening rates of all municipalities, both large (populations of over 30,000) and small (populations of under 30,000), were determined. The strategies used were as follows: sending personal invitation letters, personal visits by community health workers, use of a clinical setting for screening, and free screening. Results: Of all four strategies used to improve cancer screening rates, sending personal invitation letters had the highest correlations with all screening rates, with the exception of breast cancer screening. The partial correlation coefficients linking this strategy with the screening rates in all municipalities were 0.28, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.26 for gastric, lung, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening, respectively. In large municipalities, the correlations between the number of examinees in a clinical setting and the screening rates were also relatively high, particularly for cervical cancer screening (r=0.41). Conclusions: Sending personal invitation letters appears to be particularly effective in improving cancer screening rates in all municipalities. All municipalities should implement a system that sends personal invitation letters for cancer screening. In large municipalities, increasing the availability of screening in a clinical setting is also effective in improving cancer screening rates.