• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

This study investigated the determination of speech rates, words per minute (WPM) and syllables per minute (SPM), of $5{\sim}7$ year-old normal children to understand if there are any differences in the rates according to the children's age and sex. All participants were required to conduct story retelling tasks (SRT) and picture description tasks (PDT). In SRT, there was a significant difference between the groups of 5 year-old and 7 year-old children on WPM. However, there was no significant difference between the groups of ages regarding SPM. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups according to sex on WPM and SPM. In PDT, there was no significant difference between the groups according to their ages and sex on WPM and SPM. The current research found that the speech rates of the preschool children might be somewhat different in their utterance abilities according to their age, but there was no obvious difference according to their sex. The findings can advance development of a clinical tool to screen children with fluency disorders and to determine the steps in establishing speech rates of children in the language development period.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1995

Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, A. ginnala, A. negundo and A. saccharinum were selected as materials for the studies on the seasonal fluctuation of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates. In all the four species during the growing season except in October, the principal component that determined the total chlorophyll content was chlorophyll a. Content of chlorophyll b increased with leaf age, but that of chlorophyll a decreased. In contrast to A. saccharinum and A. pseudo-sieboldianum which showed their maximum chlorophyll content in June, A. negundo, which showed the highest chlorophyll content of the four species, exhibited its maximum chlorophyll content in July, whereas September in the case of A. ginnala. The fluctuation of chlorophyll content was similar to that of air temperature, and it increased till July. But chloprophyll content showed a significant relationship in early stage of leaf development, and there could be any interdependence between them in accordance with the seasonal change, no longer. In all four species light compensation points decreased in accordance with the seasonal change, and the maximum photosynthetic rates were obtained in August. Respiratory rates were shown no significant difference among species, and they decreased according to the adbance of season.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 1996

The study was conducted to determine the optimal glucose, superoxide dimutase(SOD) and catalase levels during the in vitro culture of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro for morulae and blastocyst development. Oocytes were cultured for 0~8 days in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 20% FCS, different glucose, SOD and catalase levels. The results are summairzed as follows ; 1. The in vitro developmental rates of porcine oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mM glucose levels 0~3 and 0~8 days after insemination were 22.8, 24.2, 21.9, 20.0, 12.1 and 21.9, 26.7, 25.0, 22.6, 16.7%, respectively. 2. The in vitro developmental rates of porcine oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 100, 200, 300, 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml SOD levels 0~3 and 0~8 days after insemination were 16.7~23.3 and 16.7~25.0%, respectively. High levels of SOD(500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) significantly reduced the rates of molurae and blastocysts stage(P<0.05). 3. The in vitro developmental rates porcine oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 100, 200, 300, 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml catalase levels 0~3 and 0~8 days after insemination were 18.8~26.7 and 19.4~28.1%, respectively, and there was significant differences on the development to the molurae and blastocysts stage among the cumulus cells and glucose levels.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.916-919
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• 2003

In this paper, we deal with a development of measurement system to apply the leakage rates test of primary containment in nuclear power plant. The measurement test about leakage rates in primary containment is one sort of test to prove safety of nuclear power plant. The parameters which are measured to calculate leakage rates are drybulb temperature, dew point temperature(or relative humidity), absolute pressure and flow. Overall, the measurement system consists of sensor module for data acquisition of the parameters, transfer module for wireless data communication and control module to control system and to calculate leakage rates. Because existing measurement systems are difficult to set in field, we pursued convenience of use, we applied wireless data communication and individual form module using battery. We also changed for the better in confidence. Recently, we are developing a drybulb temperature and a dew point temperature sensor module. We describe about function of developed measurement system, its standard and an plan for verification of measurement system.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2011

This study presents a descriptive statistical analysis on grade characteristics and employment rates of three ocean-related departments at a university. The ocean-related departments belong to the same college along with the other six departments. To obtain the correlation between the grade characteristics and employment rates, we carried out the followings. Firstly, four-year employment rates and six-semester GPAs (grade point averages) were obtained from the nine departments. Secondly, the box-and-whisker plots were constructed for each data set to capture the grade characteristics (mean, the first quartile, median, third quartile, whisker+, and Q3 box). Finally, the grade characteristics and employment rates were correlated. It is shown from the correlation analysis that the employment rate has a positive linear relation with the mean or third quartile, while the rate has a negative linear relation with the whisker+ or Q3 box, for the ocean-related departments possibly because these departments have higher regular employment rates than those of the other six departments.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2021

This study examines the non-performing loans of rural banks and macroeconomic factors in Indonesia, including inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates. Theoretically, the existence of erratic macroeconomic conditions can affect the level of non-performing credit risk in rural credit banks in Indonesia. The effect of macroeconomic conditions on non-performing loans has a different response for each economic sector. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of macroeconomic factors (inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates) and bank-specific factors (credit) on the Non-Performing Loans (NPL) of Rural Banks in Indonesia for the period from January 2015 to December 2018. This study uses a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation to determine the effect of independent variables consisting of macroeconomic factors and bank-specific factors. Based on the estimation results of the Vector Error Correction Model, three variables that have a positive and significant effect on long-term non-performing loans are credit, inflation, and interest rates. Meanwhile, in the short term, there are only two variables that have a positive and significant effect on non-performing loans, namely, credit and interest rates. Inflation and exchange rate variables have a negative and insignificant effect on bad credit in the short term.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.298-324
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• 2009

본 논문의 연구목적은 원화환율의 변화가 국내 서비스무역수지에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 실증분석 결과에 의하면 우리나라의 서비스수지는 주로 원/달러, 원/엔 환율에 의해서 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 서비스수지 수입 및 지급은 원/달러 환율과는 부의 관계를, 원/엔 환율과는 정의 관계를 갖는다. 원/달러, 원/엔 환율이 동시에 절하될 경우 서비스수지는 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 운수수지는 원/달러, 원/엔, 그리고 원/위안 환율, 여행수지는 원/달러 환율, 그리고 사업서비스수지는 원/달러, 원/엔 환율에 의해서 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2000년도 International Symposium on Magnetics The 2000 Fall Conference
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• pp.230-238
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• 2000

We present the magnetisation reversal dynamics of epitaxial Fe thin films grown on GaAs(001) and InAs(001) studied as a function of field sweep rate in the range 0.01-160 kOe/s using magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). For 55 and 250 ${\AA}$ Fe/GaAs(001), we find that the hysteresis loop area A follows the scaling relation A ∝ H$\^$${\alpha}$/ with ${\alpha}$=0.03∼0.05 at low sweep rates and 0.33-0.40 at high sweep rates. For the 150 ${\AA}$ Fe/InAs(001) film, ${\alpha}$ is found to be ∼0.02 at low sweep rates and ∼0.17 at high sweep rates. The differing values of ${\alpha}$ are attributed to a change of the magnetisation reversal process with increasing sweep rate. Domain wall motion dominates the magnetisation reversal at low sweep rates, but becomes less significant with increasing sweep rate. At high sweep rates, the variation of the dynamic coercivity H$\sub$c/ is attributed to domain nucleation dominating the reversal process. The results of magnetic relaxation studies for easy-axis reversal are consistent with the sweeping of one or more walls through the entire probed region (∼100 $\mu\textrm{m}$). Domain images obtained by scanning Kerr microscopy during the easy cubic axis reversal process reveal large area domains separated by zigzag walls.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.185-195
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• 1974

먹초파리(Drosophila virilis) 羽化에 미치는 MSG와 saccharose의 影響을 調査하기 위하여 4가지 系統(Sinchon_1, Sinchon-II, Choongju, Jegu)의 먹초파리 MSG와 saccharose의 7가지 濃度(0.0M, 0.1M, 0.3M, 0.5M, 0.7M, 1.0M, 1.2M)을 各各 標準飼料에 添加하여 여기에서 羽化하며 나온 個體數를 比較 檢討하였든 바 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 먹초파리의 羽化率은 MSG와 saccharose의 濃度間에 有意的인 差異를 보이며 濃度가 增加함에 따라 迂闊率이 低下하였다. 2. MSG와 saccharose에 對한 먹초파리의 羽化率에 미치는 影響은 먹초파리의 4個 系統間에는 有意的인 差異가 없다. 3. MSG가 saccharose보다는 먹초파리의 羽化에 對해 抑制的 　果가 더 큰 傾向을 보이고 있는 것으로 推理된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2023

Background: Fisheries and aquaculture are statistically acknowledged to be among the most dangerous occupations. Yet, industrial safety and health precautions against occupational accidents within the sector are not sufficiently implemented in many parts of the world. The present study aims to provide a quantified overview of work accident statistics in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industry. Methods: This article presents an overview of reported injuries and fatalities in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industries from 2006 to 2020. Incident, permanent incapacity, and fatality rates were calculated, and the difference between fisheries and aquaculture was statistically examined. Results: The overall incident, permanent incapacity, and fatality rates were 449.4, 4.7, and 5.7 per 100,000 worker years, respectively, over the 15-year period. With these fatality rates, fisheries and aquaculture are two of the industries with the highest fatality rates among comparable industries in Turkey. Incident rates in fisheries and aquaculture indicated that aquaculture work is more dangerous and risky. The data set includes 25 fatalities and 22 permanent incapacity cases over 15 years and shows an increase in fatality rates and occupational accidents in the last 8 years. Conclusion: present study showed that the quality of data and reporting in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industries including occupational illnesses, must be improved in order to be more preventative and to develop efficient safety management in the sector. Incentives for providing thorough data on occupational incidents must be enhanced to improve occupational safety awareness in Turkish fisheries and aquaculture.