• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2011

Purpose : It is known that carriage rates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are highest in newborns and that the asymptomatic carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with invasive MRSA infection with the colonizing strain. This study was carried out to investigate the carriage rates of MRSA in neonates with neonatal jaundice. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 545 neonates admitted with neonatal jaundice to neonatal intensive care units between January 2006 and December 2010. Nasal and inguinal swab specimens had been taken from them and cultured for the isolation of S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests had been done for such isolates to determine methicillinresistance. Results : Out of 545 neonates, 318 (58.3%) were colonized with S. aureus and 214 (39.3%) were colonized with MRSA. Results of the antibiogram analysis showed that 65.7% of MRSA isolates were likely to be community-associated (CA) MRSA. Conclusion : Based on the MRSA carriage rate of 39.3%, a surveillance program for MRSA colonization is considered necessary in neonates transferred from other clinics or hospitals. Out of MRSA isolates, 65.7% were likely to be CA-MRSA. This suggests that CA-MRSA strains were already present in obstetric clinic environments where the neonates were born. It is thought that MRSA surveillance programs in these environments are also necessary.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.538-542
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• 2011

A new malting barley variety, 'Baegho', was developed from a cross between Azuma Golden and Nishinochikara in 1998. An elite line, YMB2139-2B-1-10-2, was selected in 2005 and designated as Milyang137. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2006 to 2008 and was released with the name of 'Baegho' having high yielding and BaYMV and powdery mildew resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of 'Baegho' were April 21 and May 28, which were 3 and 2 day later than those of Hopum, check variety, at the RYT, respectively. 'Baegho' has shoter culm length (78 cm), more spikes ($1,062per\;m^2$) and heavier 1,000 grain weight (40.7 g) than those of Hopum, respectively. 'Baegho' is resistant to domestic BaYMV strains I, III and IV and powdery mildew at Iksan. In growth habit, 'Baegho' is close to type (IV) that is distinguished from other Korean malting barley cultivars, which could tolerant to premature heading damage that is major concern for the practice of the malting barley cropping. The yield potential of 'Baegho' in the RYT was about 5.57 MT/ha, which is about 13% higher than those of Hopum. This variety has good malting quality in grain and malting analysis showed better 1,000 grain weight, husk rate, diastatic power than those of Hopum. 'Baegho' applied for protection of new varieties of plant in 2009.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2023

Vibrio vulnificus, the most fatal waterborne and foodborne pathogens of 50% fatality rate in the world, is common in seawater and occurs particularly in warmer months. In this study, we investigated the toxin genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), antibiotic resistance status using Vitek, and genetic characteristics using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of different V. vulnificus strains isolated from the Jeju Island seawater, distribution fishery products, and fish tanks. We examined a total of 487 samples and isolated a total of 46 strains (including overlapping strains) of V. vulnificus, 44 strains from seawater and 1 strain each from fishery products and fish tank. We detected toxin gene vvhA in all 46 strains and rtxA, viu in 8 strains (17.4%) and 9 strains (19.6%) strains, respectively. Antibiotic resistance tests indicated 100% resistance to cefoxitin antibiotics. The PFGE analysis of the 46 strains identified a total of 6 types showed 100% homology and the degree of similarity was 81.3-98.0%; however, there were no similarity between the regions and samples. These results indicate that V. vulnificus isolated from the seawater, fishery products, and fish tanks should be continuously monitored as cases of food poisoning caused by V. vulnificus with toxin genes have been reported in Jeju Island.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 1994

For the development of biological wastewater treatment process using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), photosynthetic sludge process consisted of anaerobic digestion and PSB reactor were designed for the treatment of swine wastewater and the optimal operating conditions in flask-scale were examined. Photosynthetic bacteria from soil, pond, rice field, ditch etc. were isolated in synthetic medium containing high amount of organic acids and finally isolated one strain KK14 which showed the most degradating ability of organic acids was selected for the treatment of swine wastewater. It was identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris. In the anaerobic digestion stage, the maximum organic acid productivity was obtained at pH 5.0, $37^{\circ}C$, HRT 2 day and under anaerobic standing condition. The optimal operating conditions of PSB reactor for the treatment of swine wastewater were pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ under 4,000 lux illumination, and optimal initial COD loading (kg COD/kg D. C. W of PSB) was 2 (20% v/v seeding) in the main purification stage. Maximum removal rate of COD reached 92% under the above optimal conditions for 5 days.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2008

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of buckwheat sprout using Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. An ethyl acetate fraction (200 ${\mu}/plate$) from the ethanol extract of buckwheat sprout showed inhibition rate of 80.6% against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain. Also the ethyl acetate fraction (200 ${\mu}/plate$) showed higher antimutagenic activity than other fractions against the mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction (200 ${\mu}/plate$) showed high antimutagenic effect of 80.9% and 85.9% against the mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains induced by 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-1), respectively. The cytotoxic effects of each solvent fraction from the ethanol extract of buckwheat sprout against human cancer cell lines including lung carcinoma (A549), gastric carcinoma (AGS), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), and colon adenocarcinoma (Colo 205) were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of buckwheat sprout ethanol extract at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml showed strong cytotoxic activities of 70.3, 94.8, 79.6, 82.3, and 73.2% against A549, AGS, MCF-7, Hep3B and Colo 205 cancer cell lines, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2008

The Streptomyces padanus isolate TH04, isolated from mummified peaches, showed strong antifungal activity to Monilinia fructicola. The inhibition activity of the isolate TH04 to mycelial growth and spore germination at 1% concentration of sub-antifungal powder made from culture suspension (CS) was ranged from 79.8% to 81.0% and from 73.9% to 75.8% to M. fructicola four strains, respectively. In the test of antifungal activity in mixed culture of the isolate and M. fructicola, inhibition rate was 7.5%, 86.8% and 94.0% in 0.01, 0.1, and 1% concentration of CS containing bacterial cell of the isolate, respectively. On apples (cultivar; Fuji), the control values of the isolate TH04 crude filtrates (0.1 and 1%) were 85.9% and 100%, respectively. The results suggest that the isolate TH04 indicate development possibility as biocontrol agent of brown rot caused by M. fructicola with the study on delivery method and fermentation condition to produce an antifungal compound.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1998

The overproduction and high level secretion of Glucose Oxidase (GOD) from A. niger in S. cerevisiae was carried out by cloning GOD gene. For this purpose, using two different strong promoters (ADH1 promoter, GAL10 promoter) and signal sequences (${alpha}$-MF signal sequence of S. cerevisiae and ${alpha}$-amylase signal sequence of A. oryzae) and GAL7- and GOD terminator, four expression vectors were constructed. All the expression vectors were transformed in S. cerevisiae 2805 using auxotroph method. By the flask culture, transformants of pGAL expression vector series containing GAL 10 promotor showed much higher GOD productivity than transformants of pADH expression vector series containing ADH1 promoter Transformants of pGALGO2 containing GAL10 promotor and ${alpha}$-amylase signal sequence has shown the best productivity of GOD ($GOD_{total}$: 10.3 unit/mL, $GOD_{ex}$: 8.7 unit/mL) at 115 hr. This value was three fold higher than that of pGALGO1 containing GAL 10 promotor and ${alpha}$-MF signal sequence, even if the same promotor was involved. Through the ${alpha}$-amylase signal sequence of A. oryzae, GOD was secreted much more than the case of ${alpha}$-MF signal sequence from S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that signal sequence may play a important roles in not only the secretion but also the overproduction of foreign protein. Secretion rate of GOD in pGALGO1 and pGALGO2 was 89% and 84%, respectively, Because of the overglycosylation in S. cerevisiae the molecular weight of recombinant GOD in S. cerevisiae was much larger (250 kDa) than that of nature GOD in A. niger (170 kDa).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.549-553
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• 2010

Yeast strains with good sensory properties were selected, and those yeasts were subjected to mutation to develop high glutathione producing yeasts. In addition, the antiradical activity and flavoring effect of the yeast extract were evaluated. A total of 68 strains were screened, and three strains of Saccharomyces utilis, four strains of Candida utilis, and one strain of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were selected based on the flavoring effect. Among them, a random mutation was elicited against SEM-Y8, resulting in a high flavoring effect and growth rate. The glutathione production by SEM-Y8 increased 2.0-fold following the mutation, and the DPPH radical quenching effect of the SY8-M2-1-derived extract increased 3.2-fold compared to that of the wild type. The sensory properties of the SY8-M2-1-derived extract were better than those of garlic or onion extract in umami and mouthfulness. Thus, the SY8-M2-1 extract could be used as a functional flavoring material with improved antiradical activity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.695-701
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of biological critical control points using the genetic profile of Escherichia coli isolates from pork cutting plants. Samples were collected from carcasses, equipment (knife, table, glove, transport belt, boning and skinning machine), the environment (wall and floor), and meat cuts during the cutting process from two plants. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to characterize the E. coli isolates. An identical genotype was detected from the carcasses, equipment, environment, and final meat cuts, and showed that the incoming carcasses, which were contaminated during transportation from slaughterhouses, were a major source of E. coli that was spread throughout processing. Also, consistent cross-contamination due to improper cleaning and disinfection procedures was another possibility. As a result, incoming carcasses and cleaning procedures should be considered critical control points in pork cutting plants, since a heating step is not used to inactivate microorganisms. Furthermore, the high rate (59.6%) of E. coli isolation indicates E. coli can be a good indicator in livestock processing plants even though it has genetic diversity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

This study was especially conducted to find out the characteristics of the lightweight air-mixed soil (slurry density 10 kN/$m^3$) containing silt related to water. Compression strength, permeability, and capillary height of the lightweight air-mixed soil were studied, and also to support these studies, the structure of that soil was analyzed in detail. Air bubbles of various sizes are inside the lightweight air-mixed soil, and its distribution in a location is almost constant. A numerous tiny pores are inside the air bubbles so that the lightweight air-mixed soil can be saturated with water. Porosity is also estimated through the image analysis. Peak strength of the lightweight air-mixed soil is not dependent on water, but behavior of stress-strain is affected by the water. Permeability is about $4.857{\times}10^{-6}cm/sec$, which is a little bit higher than the clay's permeability. Capillary rise occurs rapidly at the beginning of the test until the lapse of 100 minutes and then its increase rate becomes slow. The capillary rise causes the increase of the density of the lightweight air-mixed soil, and thus it is required to pay attention to this phenomenon during structure design and maintenance of the lightweight air-mixed soil.