• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences of landing strategy between people with or without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during double-leg drop landing. Method: 34 male adults participated in this study (CAI = 16, Normal = 18). Participants performed double-leg drop landing task on a 30 cm height and 20 cm horizontal distance away from the force plate. Lower Extremities Kinetic and Kinematic data were obtained using 8 motion capture cameras and 2 force plates and loading rate was calculated. Independent samples t-test were used to identify differences between groups. Results: Compared with normal group, CAI group exhibits significantly less hip internal rotation angle (CAI = 1.52±8.12, Normal = 10.63±8.44, p = 0.003), greater knee valgus angle (CAI = -6.78±5.03, Normal = -12.38 ±6.78, p = 0.011), greater ankle eversion moment (CAI = 0.0001±0.02, Normal = -0.03±0.05, p = 0.043), greater loading Rate (CAI = 32.65±15.52, Normal = 18.43±10.87, p = 0.003) on their affected limb during maximum vertical Ground Reaction Force moment. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that CAI group exhibits compensatory movement to avoid ankle inversion during double-leg drop landing compared with normal group. Further study about how changed kinetic and kinematic affect shock absorption ability and injury risk in participants with CAI is needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term (5-year) clinical outcomes of patients who received intensive care unit (ICU) treatment using Korean nationwide data. Methods: All patients aged >18 years with ICU admission according to Korean claims data from January 2008 to December 2010 were enrolled. These enrolled patients were followed up until December 2015. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Results: Among all critically ill patients admitted to the ICU (n=323,765), patients with cancer showed higher ICU mortality (18.6%) than those without cancer (13.2%, p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in ICU mortality at day 28 among patients without cancer (14.5%) and those with cancer (lung cancer or hematologic malignancies) (14.3%). Compared to patients without cancer, hazard ratios of those with cancer for ICU mortality at 5 years were: 1.90 (1.87-1.94) for lung cancer; 1.44 (1.43-1.46) for other solid cancers; and 3.05 (2.95-3.16) for hematologic malignancies. Conclusion: This study showed that the long-term survival rate of patients with cancer was significantly worse than that of general critically ill patients. However, short term outcomes of critically ill patients with cancer were not significantly different from those of general patients, except for those with lung cancer or hematologic malignancies.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2017

Recent years have seen steadily increasing concerns about human exposure to heavy metals through seafood consumption. In Korea, the diverse dietary patterns of different bivalve shellfish necessitate tissue-specific evaluation of heavy metal contents for risk assessment. We analyzed the heavy metal contents of various tissues in scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) and pen shells (Atrina pectinate). In both species, we found higher levels of cadmium (Cd) in the mantle than in the adductive muscle, while there was no significant difference between the two tissue types in total mercury (THg) and lead (Pb) (P<0.05). Levels of THg and Pb were acceptable by Korean standards. However, the level of Cd in pen shell mantle tissue exceeded the standard by 40%. The rate of heavy metal exposure from consumption of these species was shown to be 0.003-0.010% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake of THg and 0.312-0.600% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTWI) of Cd as recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. These findings on the tissue-specific heavy metal contents of these species will be useful in assessing the health risks of Korean dietary habits.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to develop and validate for determination of alibendol in human plasma by HPLC method. After precipitation of 500 ${\mu}l$ plasma samples by 50% methanol 50 ${\mu}l$ and 60% perchloric acid 30 ${\mu}l$ and the supernatant 50 ${\mu}l$ was injected into HPLC. The assay was performed isocratically using 10 mM potassium phosphate (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (80 : 20, v/v) as mobile phase. The $C_{18}$ column (particle size $3.5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}50$ mm, Zorbax Eclipse) was used as a solid phase. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow-rate of 1.7 ml/min, detection was by ultraviolet absorption at 232 nm and concentrations were calculated on the basis of peak areas. In these conditions, alibendol can be separated from ethylparaben, the internal standard, and endogenous substances. The retention times of alibendol and ethylparaben were just about 2.6 and 3.5 minutes, respectively. This rapid HPLC method was validated by examining the precision and accuracy for inter- and intra-day analysis. The standard curve was linear ($R^2$=1.0000) over the concentration range of 0.05~20 ${\mu}g$/ml. The inter-day relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and accuracy were 0.2~12.2% and 94.4~101.2% (82.7% at the lower limit of quatitation). The intra-day R.S.D. and accuracy were 0.1~11.8% and 98.8~102.5%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of alibendol in plasma for a pharmacokinetic study.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2018

An oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) layer was formed on Zircaloy-4 tubes by a laser beam scanning process to increase mechanical strength. Laser beam was used to scan the yttrium oxide ($Y_2O_3$)-coated Zircaloy-4 tube to induce the penetration of $Y_2O_3$ particles into Zircaloy-4. Laser surface treatment resulted in the formation of an ODS layer as well as microstructural phase transformation at the surface of the tube. The mechanical strength of Zircaloy-4 increased with the formation of the ODS layer. The ring-tensile strength of Zircaloy-4 increased from 790 to 870 MPa at room temperature, from 500 to 575 MPa at $380^{\circ}C$, and from 385 to 470 MPa at $500^{\circ}C$. Strengthening became more effective as the test temperature increased. It was noted that brittle fracture occurred at room temperature, which was not observed at elevated temperatures. Resistance to dynamic high-temperature bursting improved. The burst temperature increased from 760 to $830^{\circ}C$ at a heating rate of $5^{\circ}C/s$ and internal pressure of 8.3 MPa. The burst opening was also smaller than those in fresh Zircaloy-4 tubes. This method is expected to enhance the safety of Zr fuel cladding tubes owing to the improvement of their mechanical properties.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a distinct pattern of progression characterized by acceleration of tumor growth after treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Abs. However, the immunological characteristics have not been fully elucidated in patients with HPD. We prospectively recruited patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Abs between April 2015 and April 2018, and collected peripheral blood before treatment and 7-days post-treatment. HPD was defined as ≥2-fold increase in both tumor growth kinetics and tumor growth rate between pre-treatment and post-treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry to phenotype the immune cells. Of 115 patients, 19 (16.5%) developed HPD, 52 experienced durable clinical benefit (DCB; partial response or stable disease ≥6 months), and 44 experienced non-hyperprogressive progression (NHPD). Patients with HPD had significantly lower progression-free survival (p<0.001) and overall survival (p<0.001). When peripheral blood immune cells were examined, the pre-treatment frequency of CD39⁺ cells among CD8⁺ T cells was significantly higher in patients with HPD compared to those with NHPD, although it showed borderline significance to predict HPD. Other parameters regarding regulatory T cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells did not significantly differ among patient groups. Our findings suggest high pre-treatment frequency of CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells might be a characteristic of HPD. Further investigations in a larger cohort are needed to confirm our results and better delineate the immune landscape of HPD.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2014

Background: People with disabilities have higher prevalence rates and earlier onset of chronic disease than the non-disabled; therefore, their participation in health screening is important. This study evaluates the participation rate and trends in health screening of people with disabilities, and examines the association between their participation rate and disability characteristics, and socioeconomic status. Methods: Data on disability-related characteristics were collected from the National Disability Registry, and participants' corresponding health examination data were taken from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation between 2002 and 2011. A total of 873,819 participants aged ${\geq}20$ years were analyzed in this study. Results: The rate of participation of people with disabilities in health screening has increased each year, but their participation rate is lower than that of the total population. The participation rate was lower in females than in males; the elderly group than in the younger group; those who live in city areas than rural areas; self-employed for health insurance than employees; those with an internal organ disability than those with an external physical disability; those with a severe disability than those with a mild disability; and those with a short-term disability than for those with a long-term disability. Conclusion: The factors associated with participation rate are age, sex, socioeconomic status, and disability characteristics. These findings indicate that health check-ups of people with disabilities should be promoted using an approach that takes into account the large individual differences in socioeconomic status and disability characteristics in this population.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1982

표준한국인(標準韓國人)의 체위(體位)와 내(內).외부(外部) 피폭선량(被曝線量)을 추정(推定)하기 위하여 한국인(韓國人)의 신장(身長), 체중(體重), 체표면적(體表面積)을 포함(包含)한 체위(體位)와 음식물섭취량(飮食物攝取量) 방사능물질섭취량(放射能物質攝取量) 그리고 환경방사능(環境放射能)에 의한 피폭선량(被曝線量)을 조사분석(調査分析)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 표준한국인(標準韓國人)의 년령군(年齡群)은 남녀(男女) 모두 $20{\sim}30$세(歲)이며 남자(男子)에 있어서의 신장(身長)은 167cm, 체중(體重)은 61kg, 체표면적(體表面積)은 $1.67m^2$다. 그리고 여자(女子)에 있어서의 신장(身長)은 155cm, 체중(體重)은 51kg, 체표면적(體表面積)은 $1.51m^2$이다. 2) 한국인(韓國人) 성인(成人)은 1인(人) 1일(日) 812.8g(식물성((植物性) 669.6g, 동물성(動物性) 143.2g)의 음식물(飮食物)을 섭취(攝取)한다. 3) 한국인(韓國人) 성인(成人)은 음식물(飮食物)을 통(通)하여 1인(人) 1일(日) 약(約) 1,200pCi(${\beta}$-선(線))의 방사능물질(放射能物質)을 섭취(攝取)한다. 4) 한국인(韓國人) 성인(成人)은 년간(年間) 127mrem의 외부피폭(外部被曝)과, 8mrem의 내부피폭(內部被曝)으로 약(約) 135mrem의 환경방방선(環境放放線)에 피폭(被曝)되는 것으로 추산(推算)되나 이 선량치(線量値)는 앞으로 더 많은 자료(資料)가 보완(補完)됨에 따라 수정(修正)된다고 본다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2006

$Parallux^{TM}$, a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay(SPFIA) developed for antibiotics residue detection in milk, was applied for analysis of fish muscle. The recommended therapeutic dose of ampicillin(100 mg/kg body weight, withdrawal period 7 days) was orally administered to a group of 25 olive flounders(Paralichthys olivaceus) for consecutive five days. Muscle was sampled after drug treatment 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day. The concentration of ampicillin in muscle, determined by SPFIA, was compared with that of internal standard(10 ppb as ampicillin). The absorbance ratio of sample to internal standard(Bs/Bo) was employed as an index to determine the muscle residue in olive flounder. To investigate the recovery rate, the standard solutions were added to muscle samples to give final concentrations in muscle of 10 and 50 ng/ml. The recovery rates of all spiked samples were > 89% of the spiked value. Ampicillin was detected in muscle of fishes treated until the 3rd day of withdrawal period. The present study showed that the SPFIA can be easily adopted in predicting tissue residues for ampicillin in farmed fishes.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

본 연구는 사과나무 '홍로'와 '후지'의 내재휴면 기간 중 휴면타파에 유효한 한계온도 범위를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 저온 축적에 의한 내재휴면 타파 여부를 확인하기 위하여 온도 처리구별로 발아율을 조사한 결과 '홍로' $-5^{\circ}C$ 처리구를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 발아율이 50% 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 '후지'의 온도 처리구별 발아율은 $-5^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서도 86.3%로 휴면이 타파되었다. 탄수화물과 무기성분의 변화는 처리간 유의한 차이는 있었으나 일정한 경향이나 특이한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 유리당 분석 결과 sorbitol 함량은 휴면 타파 여부에 따라 휴면이 타파되지 않은 '홍로' $-5^{\circ}C$ 처리구의 경우 29.62mg/g으로 높게 나타났으며, 휴면이 타파된 것으로 판단되는 처리구는 낮은 수준이였다. 호르몬 분석결과 휴면이 타파되지 않은 '홍로' $-5^{\circ}C$ 처리구의 경우 ABA (abscisic acid)와 JA (jasmonic acid)는 각각 176.48, 15.72ng/g으로 높게 나타났으며, 모든 처리구에서 휴면이 타파된 것으로 나타난'후지'의 경우 ABA, JA, SA(salicylic acid) 함량이 '홍로' 품종보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 휴면 타파에 유효한 한계온도 범위는 품종에 따라 다르며 '홍로'는 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 발아율이 30.3%로 휴면이 타파되지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, '후지'는 $0^{\circ}C$ 이하인 $-5^{\circ}C$에서도 86.3%로 높게 나타나 저온 축적의 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.