• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.38-50
• /
• 1988

carried out to present a rheology model which is able to treat time-dependent properties of clay. The results were summarized as follow ; 1. The slope (a(e1)) of deviator stress in strain rate test was independent on axial strain, and pore water pressure was decreased with increment of strain rate. 2. The pore water pressure in a stress relaxation condition was not changed when the strain rate before stress relaxation was 0.05%/min., but it was increased with increment of time when the strain rate before stress relaxation was 0.2%/min 3. The greater the stress condition (q/qmax) and the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment rate of axial strain in creep test became. 4. SEKIGUCHI's constitutive equation was slightly overpredicted while empirical equation proposed in the study was well coincided with measured values. 5. The constitutive equation induced by a strain function could be dealed with a behavior of the pore water pressure increased with increment of elapsed time after primary consolidation.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.107-115
• /
• 2015

Residential building owners are turning toward renovating their existing buildings to improve old and inefficient HVAC systems. Due to the renovation, much of the added costs will inevitably be passed on to tenants by increasing rent rates. This increment often increases the vacancy rate in the buildings. To balance the interests of both owners and tenants, this paper suggested a method to determine an appropriate rental rate increment for the HVAC system renovation. A case study on residential buildings was conducted to determine a balanced point where the rental rate increment that offsets the amount tenants are willing to pay for the renovation. To calculate all costs incurred by the renovation, life-cycle cost analysis was carried out. Therefore, this paper ultimately provides a threshold value of rental rate increment such that building owners can make a reasonable decision on the HVAC system renovation.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.349-352
• /
• 2006

The plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials is induced by changes of the microstructure when the loading is beyond the critical state of stress. Constitutive models for the crystal plasticity have the common objective which relates microscopic single crystals in the crystallographic texture to the macroscopic continuum point. In this paper, a new consistent tangent stiffness for the anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic analysis of polycrystalline deformation is developed, which can be used in the finite element analysis for the slip-dominated large deformation of polycrystalline materials. In order to calculate the consistent tangent stiffness, the state function is defined based on the consistency condition between the elastic and plastic stress. The rate of shearing increment($\Delta{\gamma}^{\alpha}$) is calculated with satisfying the consistency condition. The consistency condition becomes zero when the trial resolved shear stress($\tau^{{\alpha}^*}$) becomes resolved shear stress($\tau^{\alpha}$) at every step. Iterative method is utilized to calculate the rate of shearing increment based on the implicit backward Euler method. The consistent tangent stiffness can be formulated by differentiating the rate of shearing increment with total strain increment after the instant rate of shearing increment converges. The proposed tangent stiffness is applied to the ABAQUS/Standard by implementing in the ABAQUS/UMAT.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study measured the impact of shifts in maternal age and parity on the increase in the low birth weight (LBW) rate in Korea. Methods: We obtained raw data for all 6 397 945 live births registered at the Korea National Statistical Office between 1995 and 2005. We calculated the proportion of increment in the LBW rate due to changes in the distribution of maternal age and parity (AP-dis) and the proportion due to changes in the age- and parity-specific LBW rate (AP-spe). Results: The LBW rate increased from 3.02% in 1995 to 4.28% in 2005. The multiple birth rate increased from 1.32% to 2.19% during the same period. Of the 1.26% points increment in the LBW rate, 0.64% points occurred among singleton births and 0.62% points occurred among multiple births. Changes in the AP-dis accounted for 50% of the increase in the LBW rate among singleton births, but did not contribute to the increase in the LBW rate among multiple births. The remainder of the total increment in the LBW rate was explained by the increase in the AP-spe. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that shifts in maternal age and parity among singleton births and increased multiple births were important contributors to the increment in the LBW rate. This study also revealed that the increase in the AP-spe was an equally important contributor as the shifts in maternal age and parity to the increment in the LBW rate among singleton births and was a major contributor among multiple births.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.337-346
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of the growth characteristics of the landscape trees for better landscape planting design, construction and maintenance through the prediction of landscape change as time passes fly the analysis of survival rate, distribution patterns & increment percent of tree height, width, stem diameter (breast or surface) of widely used six tree species in Seongnam-si Eunhang-jugong apartment housing areas (8 years have passed after landsape alanting work). The main results can be summarized as followed. The tree survival rate of Pinus parviflora was the highest rate 89.2% than any other species, but Acer buergerianum showed the lowest survival rate at that of it 35.0%, & that of Picea abies 70.5 %, Metasequoia glyptostroboides 71.6%, Maknolia denudata 38.9%, Acer paimatum was 71.7%, As a whole, the tree survival rate of coniferous trees were relatively high. The tree height increment percent of the deciduous species wert relatively high. And that of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was the highest rate 11.61% than any other species, but that of Magnolia denudata was the lowest rate 5.59% than any other species. According to this results, the increment percent of trees in this apartment areas were comparatively lower than that of each related species planted in nursery area. And this results would be considered when landscape experts do landscape planting design, construction & maintenance. The distribution patterns of present tree size showed a Normal Distribution like any other biological features.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.188-195
• /
• 1996

The AlSi etching process using the MERIE type reactor carried out with different process parameters such as C1$_{2}$ and N$_{2}$ gas flow rate, RF power and chamber pressure. The etching characteristics were evaluated in terms of etch rate, selectivity, uniformity and etched profile. As the N2 gas flow rate is increased, the AlSi etch rate is decreased and uniformity has remained constant within .+-.5%. The etch rate is increased and uniformity is decreased, according to increment of the C1$_{2}$ gas flow rate, RF power and chamber pressure. Selective etching of TEOS with respect to AlSi is decreased as the RF power is increased while it is increased by increment of the C1$_{2}$ gas flow rate and chamber pressure, on the other hand, selective etching of photoresist with respect to AlSi is increased by increment of the C1$_{2}$ gas flow rate and chamber pressure, it is decreased as the N$_{2}$ gas flow rate is increased.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 국내 문헌연구와 외식업 성공사례들을 통해 외식업 창업성공요인들을 도출하고, 이 요인들이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 창업외식업체에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 실증적 연구를 수행하였다. 첫째, 창업자 특성 요인이 경영 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 사회적 기술은 순이익 증가율과 고객 증가율에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 창업 준비성은 순이익 증가율, 고객 증가율 및 좌석 회전율에 유의한 결과가 확인되었다. 둘째, 운영 관리 요인에서는 접근성이 고객 증가율과 좌석 회전율에, 시설은 좌석 회전율에, 서비스 역량은 순이익 증가율과 고객 증가율 및 좌석 회전율에, 촉진 활동은 고객 증가율에 각각 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 상품 요인에서는 창업외식업의 경우에 품질지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 외식업의 창업을 위한 요인을 제시함으로써 외식업을 창업하려는 외식창업 준비자 및 기존 외식업 사업자들의 성공전략수립에 기여할 것이다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.329-344
• /
• 1987

과압밀비(過壓密比)와 전단속도(剪斷速度) 및 다짐율(率)이 점성토(粘性土)의 응력변형특성(應力變形特性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하기 위해서 반부극하(反復戟荷)에 의(依)한 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)을 한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 반부재하(反復載荷)를 했을 때 같은 변형(變形)에서 축차응력의 차(差)는 큰 변형(變形)에서 반부재하(反復載荷)했을 때 더욱 크게 나타났고 공극수압(空隙水壓)은 제하시(除荷時)에는 감소(減少)하다가 다시 증가(增加)하며 재재하(再載荷)되면서 급격히 증가하는 현상(現象)을 나타냈다. 2. 과압밀비(過壓密比)가 클수록 변형(變形)의 증가(增加)에 따라 회복되는 탄성변형률은 감소(減少)하였으며 제일재하계수(除一載荷係數)는 과압밀비가 증가(增加)할수록 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 전단속도(剪斷速度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 탄성변형율(彈性變形率)은 증가(增加)하였고 변형(變形)의 증가(增加)에 따라 탄성변형율(彈性變形率)은 감소(減少)하였다. 제일재하계수(除一載荷係數)는 변형(變形)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 감소(減少)하였고 전단속도(剪斷速度)가 빠른 경우에 큰 값을 나타냈다. 4. 회복되는 탄성변형율(彈性變形率)은 다짐율이 증가(增加)함에 따라 크게 나타났고 또 변형(變形)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 탄성변형율(彈性變形率)은 약간 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 제일재하계수(除一載荷係數)는 다짐율(率)의 증가(增加)에 따라 뚜렷한 경향(傾向)은 보이지 않았으나 일반적(一般的)으로 변형(變形)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.237-253
• /
• 2005

In Korea, the volume of insurance industry has been increased rapidly with helping the economic growth, the increment of GNP and derive of public welfare policy. But the other side of the volume increment, the life insurers have some problems, such as the high rate of turnover, lapses and surrenders, in processing of acquiring more insurance contracts. The object of this paper is the analysis of the causes and properties of the high rate of turnover, lapses and surrenders using statistical survival model. Also we hope that the insurers will use the results of analysis to reduce the rates.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.84-95
• /
• 1990

The objective of this study is to understand the effect of measurement-related investment. That is, this study aims at verifying the correlation between the measurement-related investment and inferiority rate of products by statistical analysis. The samples of this study are 376 industrial companies in Korea, and the research data was analysed on inferiority state of industrial companies with a measurement standard laboratory. The analysis was made by the elementary statistics, the correlation analysis and the regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows : First, the inferioriy rate of the industrial companies with a measurement standard laboratory was relatively lower than that of the other companies without the laboratory by statistical significance. Second, the increment on measurement-related investment had a negative correlation with the increment of inferiority rate, and the increase of measurement-related investment showed decrease of the inferiority rate by regression analysis.