• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate about the effects of parental rearing behavior on self-esteem and gender role stereotype during adolescence and to reveal the mediating effect of self-esteem on adolescents' gender role strerotype. Also investigated the relationship among these variables and condition variables. For this purpose, used the Second Grade longitudianl Panel data of Middle School from the Korea Youth Panel Survay(KYPS). And the latent growth model was analyzed 3,449 men and women adolescents' cases of the first, the fourth and the sixth wave of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) administered by Korea Institute for Youth development. And the structural equation model was used to investigate whether self-esteem mediates parental rearing behavior and male and female gender role Strerotype. The results of this study, the direct effect between variable factors showed that the more positive the parenting behavior of the second grader of middle school is, the more positive the self-esteem of male adolescents and the initial value of stereotypes of male gender role. It also affects the self-esteem of female adolescents and stereotypes of female gender roles but not statistically significant. The male gender role stereotypes were decreased in influence by the rate of change of parental rearing behaviors, and the initial value and the rate of change of self-esteem were statistically influenced to the male gender role stereotypes and the higher the self-esteem, the higher the self-esteem. However, there was no significant effect on stereotypes of female gender roles. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of self-esteem, partially mediated between the initial value of parental rearing behavior and initial stereotype of male gender role, but there was no longitudinal mediation effect. There was no mediating effect of self-esteem between parental rearing behaviors and stereotypes of female gender roles and there was no longitudinal mediation effect. The effect of condition variable gender was found that female adolescents are more affected by paretal rearing behavior than male adolescents and also affected by the growth process. The monthly income of households influenced the initial value of parental rearing behaviors and showed a difference in parental rearing behavior according to household income. And the higher the mother 's educational level, the more the self-esteem of male adolescents was affected.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.456-464
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• 2023

Objective : This study aims to investigate the incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and demographic characteristics in Korea using population-based National Health Insurance Service data. Methods : This study analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2005 to 2020, based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th version, Clinical Modification codes D333 and D431. Only those patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging and audiologic tests were considered definitive cases. Demographic variables included age, sex, treatment modality, hypertension, diabetics, dyslipidemia, smoking history, alcohol history, and income status. Results : The total number of VS patients was 5751. The average incidence rate was 0.71 per 100000 from 2005 to 2020, and the annual incidence rate increased from 0.33 in 2005 to 1.32 in 2019 but decreased to 0.80 in 2020. Incidence was highest in those aged 60-69 years (1.791) and lowest in those younger than 20 years (0.041). Incidence was higher in females, and the number of patients who received radiosurgery (46.64%) was largest compared to the wait and scan group (37.96%), microsurgery group (12.85%), or the group who received both (2.56%). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS. Conclusion : The incidence of VS exhibited an increasing trend from 2005 to 2019. Radiosurgery (46.64%) was the most common treatment modality. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

This survey was conducted to assess the perception of hazards and washing behavior of vegetables of 500 housewives in Korea. The subjects were selected by the stratified random sampling method. The survey was performed using a structured questionnaire through telephone interviews by skilled interviewers. Most people have bought vegetables and fruits in the supermarket or (traditional) markets rather than stores, department stores, or direct transactions. Eighteen percent of the subjects felt vegetables were secure and were not concerned about safety. But $42.8{\%}$ were concerned about vegetable safety. The perceptions of vegetable-related hazards differed significantly by the respondent's socioeconomic characteristics. Higher concern about vegetable safety was reported by subjects with higher income, children, and who usually buy vegetables in supermarkets or department stores. Most subjects ($88.6{\%}$) perceived that residues of chemical substances such as pesticides were the most significant potential vegetable risk factor, followed by heavy metal, and pathogens. Housewives mainly rinsed vegetables in flowing-water ($85.2{\%}$ of subjects), 3${\~}$4 times ($63.8{\%}$ of subjects), and without detergent ($90.6{\%}$). Subjects believed that hazards decreased by blanching or boiling vegetables rather than washing. Subjects realized more or less correctly the removal rate of pesticide and pathogen through the washing and cooking processes. However, the removal rate of heavy metals was less than subjects thought it would be. Therefore, the scientifically assessed results on safety in the washing and cooking process should be opened to the public to provide the right-to-know and assure confidence in consumers.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

To develop new products for aquaculture, which fishermen at South Sea can get high income, after bay scallop was transplanted from Sandong province in China from October 17, 1996 to March 18, 1997 at Duekrang Bay in Janghung gun and Kamak Bay in Y대녀 City on Chollanam province, Sumjin river estuary in Hadong gun and Gejae Bay in Keoje city on Kyongsangnam proince. Temperature was decreased from 20.5$^{\circ}C$ to 5.1$^{\circ}C$ in February and then it was increased to 12.0 in March. Ranges of salinity, DO and Chlorophyll-a were 22.40-34.70 psu, 5.24-9.77 mg/l and 1.27-22.28 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, respectively, and low temperature, sudden changes of salinity and low concentration of chlorophyll-a influenced the growth of bay scallop. bay scallop in the rearing period showed the fastest growth from October 17 to November 18 through the every size rages, while it grew slowly or stopped growing from December 18 to March 18. Among 4 transplanted areas, young scallop at Duekrang Bay showed the fastest growth and then Kamak Bay, Gejae Bay, Sumjin estuary in order. The daily growth rate of young scallop in the middle size range (5.70%) was higher than those in large (2.07%) and small (5.49%) size range. The meat weight index showed the highest in December. Survival rates from October to December were high, not related to the size ranges, but survival rate of the small young scallop from January to March was higher than Those of the rest. As the Result, transplanted bay scallop at South Sea was shown to grow by the middle of December (around 1$0^{\circ}C$ temperature).

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Pod-edible bean or snap bean is a fairly new crop to domestic farmers but the national demand is steadily increasing in recent years along with the development of western food business and change in dietary patterns. At the same time, much efforts are being made to export it to foreign country, mainly to Japan. The amount of seeds introduced from outside is also continuously increasing along with the enlargement of area planted for the crop. Hybridization breeding for the crop has already been started to supply the cheaper and better seeds which will reduce the seed costs and foster the higher income to the farmers. In this experiment, several technologies related with the production of quality seeds are preliminary investigated. Some of the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Highly significant interaction was recognized between planting dates and no. of pods per plant and no. of branches but no interaction between planting dates and plant height and no. of nodes on main stem. Days to maturity was proportionally reduced to later planting dates. 2. Rate of viviparous pods and seeds was gradually increased in later planting dates but rate of germination was increased in earlier planting dates with lower germination rate in white seed coat grains than in colored seed ones. 3. Seed yield was higher in the earlier planting dates with a great deal of varietal difference. Early to mid April was considered to he the optimum planting dates for snap bean in Kyungbuk area. High correlation was recognized between seed yield and no. of pods per plant, no. of seeds per plant, and 100 seed weight. 4. Days to flowering was three and seven days longer in Cheongsong, high mountainous area than in Kunwi, somewhat prairie lowland. One hundred seed weight was also higher in Cheongsong than in Kunwi. Rate of viviparous grains, pods, and decayed seeds was higher in Cheongsong but, at the same time, the rate of germination and seed yield was also higher in Cheongsong. 5. One hundred seed weight of KLG5007 increased continuously up to 35days after flowering and decreased thereafter but that of KLG50027 increased to 40days after flowering and slowly reduced thereafter. The content of crude oil reached to maximum at 40 days after flowering and reduced thereafter. The rate of germination in Gangnangkong 1 was the highest, 89.3%, at 35 days after flowering and reduced thereafter while that in KLG50027 reached to maximum, 70.7%. at 40days after flowering and reduced thereafter. Thus, the optimum harvesting time for snap bean was considered to be 35~40days after flowering. 6. The snap bean pods at yellow bean stage easily became viviparous ones under saturated moisture conditions for 24 hours at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest pods somewhat earlier than yellow-bean stage and let them do post maturing, especially when it is to be rained.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the management performance of hospitals by analyzing the ratio of stability, profitability ratio, and growth rate through the financial ratios of medical institutions using accounting information disclosure data of medical institutions, financial status table and profit and loss statement. The main goal is to analyze and analyze financial statements of medical institutions' accounting information in 2016 and 2017, analyze the difference and analyze the general characteristics and financial ratios by type, type and size of medical institutions, The financial characteristics of medical institutions were identified. The ratio of stability, profitability, and growth rate through financial ratios were compared and analyzed. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between the medical profit margin, the total asset profit margin, the medical profit margin rate, and the net profit margin of the medical institutions through the financial ratios of accounting information disclosure data of medical institutions. The main results are as follows: First, the size of the hospital and the size of the debt through the change of assets, liabilities and capital of the financial statement are increasing, the size of own capital is relatively decreased, and the management performance is getting worse It is showing. Second, the increase in average medical revenues in the income statement is small, and the average increase in net profit is small. Thus, medical institutions were able to confirm the difficulty in creating profits through medical activities. In addition, there was a large difference in the debt ratio, the stability ratio, and the profitability ratio of the general hospitals and the general hospitals according to the types of medical institutions, and the difference in the average financial ratios of national and public hospitals, school corporation hospitals, I could confirm. The correlation between independent variables in the correlation was -0.904 between the capital ratio and the total assets turnover ratio, -0.800 between the labor cost ratio and the hospital income ratio, and -0.631 between the labor cost ratio and the foreign profit ratio. In order to improve the management deterioration of hospitals by using accounting information disclosure data of medical institutions, it is necessary to have a large effect on the net profit margin of the medical care and the net profit margin of the total assets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.416-430
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effects of a personalized nutritional intervention program on food security and health and nutritional status of elderly people in the city of Seoul. Methods: A total of 372 elderly adults aged 65 years or above who resided in Seoul were enrolled in this study. Personalized supplementary food supply and nutritional education based on chronic disease status, disability and cooking ability were implemented for 4 months. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, nutrient intake, food security status, anemia status, chronic disease management, and frailty status, and prevalence of malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment) were examined. Results: After the program, all subjects displayed significantly increased nutrient intake. Before the intervention, all subjects were in a state of food insecurity; however, after the intervention, 37.1% of the subjects were food secure. Moreover, the rates of being at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition in subjects were decreased and instead rate of those who improved to normal increased to 29.8% from 0% of normal rate before the prevention. The rate of subjects without anemia increased from 18.7% to 28.5% after the intervention. In addition, the rate of subjects with intensive or periodic management of chronic diseases decreased, while those with occasional management of chronic diseases increased from 0% to 4.6%. Furthermore, the rates of being at risk of frailty and frailty were decreased and the normal rate increased from 0% to 9.7% instead. Age group-based analysis showed that elderly people over 80 years showed less improvement in the management of the chronic disease status and the frailty status. Conclusion: Personalized supplementary food supplies and nutritional education improved not only the nutritional status but also disease status in vulnerable older adults, and the effects were more significant in adults aged less than 80 years.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.401-415
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• 2014

To prepare for the changes in the future, this study considered people in their seventies and eighties in rural areas in the last decade. Based on a survey of rural life by the Rural Development Administration, all factors were analyzed using SAS ver. 9.3. The rate of rice farming decreased, and vegetable-cultivation increased from 8.4% in 2001 to and 26.6% in 2008 for people in their seventies and eighties. The number of family members decreased to 1.96 in 2010 from 2.04 in 2001, and annual income increased by KRW 20-29 million for those in their seventies and eighties, whereas it was more than KRW 30 million for those in their forties. Bathing with warm water increased to 88.9% from 69.8%, and household waste treated by self-incineration decreased from 86.4% to 40.0% in the last decade. Separate collection spread since 2008. Food waste disposal and the burial (46.0%) showed had for people in their seventies and eighties, and animal feed increased (50.7%) for those in their forties at 2001. The separate collection increased by 39.6% in 2010 for those in their seventies and eighties and by 53.5% for those in their forties(p<0.05). The manufacture of jang and kimchi showed were little annual changes for people in their seventies and eighties. Food storage processing was higher for those in their forties. For those in their seventies and eighties, food group intake over the 2004-2010 period increased from 3.3 times a week to 4.2 times a week for protein foods and from 4.9 times a week to 5.5 times a week for vegetables. There was no change in fruits, milk, and seaweeds for those in their seventies and eighties, but there was an increase for those in their forties. The results suggest the continued increase in the manufacture of jang and kimchi and protein and vegetable intake for those in their seventies and eighties. Some direction to welfare, mechanized rice planting and living with neighbors together would be continued with good nutrition for elderly residents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.80-101
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• 1999

Self-sufficiency ratio of food crops in Korea is estimated under $20{\%}$ in 2010 because total food consumption including feed will be increased. but food grain production will be decreased. It is necessary to maintain the optimum level of food self-sufficiency rate to secure national food demand/supply balance and non-trade and multiple function of agriculture in Korea. It will be possible to produce more food grains having the acceptable quality if the appropriate policy and cropping techniques are developed and practised in future. Breeding for high yielding varieties should be the first target to raise the production potential of food crops . Number of varieties developed during last 30 years is counted as 353 in food crops. New varieties developed in 1990s showed the higher yield potential and the improved agronomic characteristics compared with 1970s and 1980s varieties. But number of varieties planted on the farmer's field over $5{\%}$ of national planting area is less than one third of total varieties developed Breeding efforts to maintain planting area of main food crops should be focussed on consumer's demand and farmer's need. They are the best quality variety in each field of crop utilization, the newly designed variety adapting to changes of natural, rural and cropping environment, and the higher yielding variety. It is also needed to develop new quality crop varieties for inducing more consumption of crop grain produced in Korea for direct food or processing. Development of barley varieties for animal feed. high income soybean varieties, high quality wheat variety. and super yielding rice and barley varieties are also needed to keep or maximize national food production potential. In order to establish the appropriate cropping technique for domestic food security, the strong and continuous interest and financial support on crop breeding are required, and the inter-disciplinary and inter-institutionary researches should be strengthened for successful crop breeding.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.293-319
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• 2018

This study analyzed the determinants of employment for the regular workers in the industrial type, and the results are as follows. First, 73.2% of companies use outsourcing as of 2015, and manufacturing (83.7%) is 20% p higher than non-manufacturing (63.7%). Over the past 10 years, the rate of outsourcing increased by 88.7% in manufacturing and 44.2% in non-manufacturing. Second, as a result of estimating the determinants of employment for regular workers, the variables of labor income distribution, operating profit, sales, R & D expenditure, foreign capital ratio significantly increase the employment of regular workers, while outsourcing, capital intensity, Were estimated to significantly reduce employment. Third, as a result of subdivision of industrial type and estimation of the effect of outsourcing on employment, it decreased employment of regular workers in all types. The size of influence was the biggest decrease in 'basic material type' in manufacturing industry and 'distribution service type' in non - manufacturing industry.