• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to develop therapeutic prescription that is more significant than existing ones through extraction method and formulation changes. Methods: Yukmijihwangtang(YMJHT) was extracted in 80% ethanol, and their relative anti-oxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation were measured. Results: Both water and ethanol extracted YMJHT showed does-dependent DPPH elimination activities. ROS inhibition activity was greater in water extracted YMJHT except for Moutan Cortex. NO inhibition assay results indicated that all groups showed higher NO inhibition activities in RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner. Water extracted group showed higher NO inhibition activity than that of ethanol extracted group. TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion inhibition assay using RAW 264.7 cells, water extracted YMJHT showed higher activity than ethanol extracts. Growth rate of spleen cells was greater in all tested groups, with higher rate in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IFN-r in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was higher in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IL-10 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was highest in YMJHT-DW with 40%. Suppression of gene expression of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A were significant with 90% or higher in all groups and that of IL-12p35 were also higher than 90% in all cases. Conclusions: From the results, it shows that YMJHT has anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation. However, the difference between YMJHT-EtOH and YMJHT-DW was not that significant. Further studies are needed to find out effective extraction methods of herbal medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.957-965
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• 2006

This study was peformed to evaluate antithrombotic activities and anti-inflammatory effects of Kami-BoyangHwanoh-Tang(KBHT). The major findings were summarized as follows. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect; KBHT inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine as compared with the control group and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitory rate is 50 %). KBHT increased platelet number significantly and also KBHT shortened PT and APTT significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect; KBHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree, and inhibited NO production significantly at 50, $100\;{\mu}g/^{ml}$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent degree as compared with the control group in RAW 264.7 cell line. KBHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice, and decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, and also decreased IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in liver tissue, but increased $IL-1{\beta}$ production in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced mice. KBHT increased survival rate at 3rd day in mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. These results suggest that KBHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as endometrosis, myoma, pelvic congestion, chronic cervicitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2017

Background Rituximab (RTX) can be used as a rescue therapy for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). However, the efficacy and safety of long-term, repeated use of RTX are not established. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term, repeated RTX treatment in children. Methods Eighteen consecutive child patients with SDNS who were treated with three or more cycles of RTX for one year or longer were recruited, and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results The patients were followed for $4.7{\pm}1.9years$ and received $5.2{\pm}2.3cycles$ of RTX over $2.8{\pm}1.1years$. Approximately 70% of the additional RTX cycles were administered due to recovery of B-cells without relapse. The relapse rate decreased from $3.4{\pm}2.0per$ year initially to $0.4{\pm}0.8per$ year at the third year after RTX treatment. Approximately 10% of the RTX infusions were accompanied by mild infusion reactions. Eight patients showed sustained remission without any oral medication after the last cycle of RTX, while 10 patients had one or more episodes of relapse after the last cycle of RTX. The relapse rate in the latter group decreased from $2.8{\pm}1.5per$ year before RTX treatment to $1.3{\pm}0.8per$ year after cessation of RTX treatment. No significant differences in clinical parameters were found between the two groups. Conclusion This retrospective study showed that pre-emptive and long-term, repeated RTX treatment is relatively effective and safe in children with SDNS. However, well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of NeungaSoJeokTang water extract (NSJT). Methods: In the study of anti-inflammatory effects, NSJT was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were determined in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFC) and RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Prior to the experiment, we evaluated sGOT, sGPT, BUN and creatine after the treatment. As a result, NSJT was innoxious on liver and kidney. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect, NSJT inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine, and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine. NSJT did not affect significantly the blood flow rate both in vitro and in vivo. NSJT increased platelet number and fibrinogen amount, and NSJT shortened PT and APTT in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect, NSJT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cell line, and inhibited significantly NO production at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. NSJT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced Balb/c mice, and decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, but increased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in liver tissue. NSJT increased survival rate at the 3th day in ICR mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. Conclusion: These results suggest that NSJT can be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as pelvic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease as well as vulvar pain due to vulvitis, vulvar vestibulitis and so on.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

This study aims to find out success factors of crowdfunding on movie projects. For empirical analysis, we collected 583 data of the movie projects from the crowdfunding platform 'Tumblbug'. To figure out the success factors, we examined effects of 10 independent variables on 1 dependent variable. The independent variable includes target amount, project information, reward options, creator funding power, editor recommendation, creator contents power, movie type, number of comments, number of replies, and number of SNS information. The final achievement rate of crowdfunding was set as dependent variable. This study found that the target amount, number of text information, number of video information, editor recommendation, number of backers' reply, and number of SNS information had a significant impact on the achievement rate of the movie crowdfunding project. This study has implications in that it has discovered a variable of editor recommendation and the number of SNS information, and both of them have a positive effect on crowdfunding achievement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.456-463
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• 2021

In this paper, Ultra Wide-Band(UWB) radar sensor is employed to detect flying drones and avoid collision in dense clutter environments. UWB signal is preferred when high resolution range measurement is required for moving targets. However, the time varying motion of flying drones may increase clutter noises in return signals and deteriorates the target detection performance, which lead to the performance degradation of anti-collision radars. We adopt a dynamic clutter suppression algorithm to estimate the time-varying distances to the moving drones with enhanced accuracy. A modified Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR) is developed using an adaptive filter algorithm to suppress clutter while the false detection performance is well maintained. For this purpose, a velocity dependent CFAR algorithm is implemented to eliminate the clutter noise against dynamic target motions. Experiments are performed against flying drones having arbitrary trajectories to verify the performance improvement.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

[Purpose] This pilot study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. [Methods] The EPOC and dependent variables for its estimation (e.g., sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, fat-free mass [FFM], fat mass, % body fat, and heart rate_sum [HR_sum]) were measured in 75 healthy adults (31 males, 44 females). Statistical analysis was performed to develop an EPOC estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. [Results] We confirmed that FFM and HR_sum were important variables in the EPOC regression models of various exercise types. The explanatory power and standard errors of estimates (SEE) for EPOC of each exercise type were as follows: the continuous exercise (CEx) regression model was 86.3% (R²) and 85.9% (adjusted R²), and the mean SEE was 11.73 kcal, interval exercise (IEx) regression model was 83.1% (R²) and 82.6% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 13.68 kcal, and the accumulation of short-duration exercise (AEx) regression models was 91.3% (R²) and 91.0% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 27.71 kcal. There was no significant difference between the measured EPOC using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted EPOC for each exercise type. [Conclusion] This pilot study developed a regression model to estimate EPOC in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: CEx = -37.128 + 1.003 × (FFM) + 0.016 × (HR_sum), IEx = -49.265 + 1.442 × (FFM) + 0.013 × (HR_sum), and AEx = -100.942 + 2.209 × (FFM) + 0.020 × (HR_sum).

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.223-237
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• 2010

The initial heating rate is well known as one of the most influencing factors on the occurrence of spalling and the loss of strength in concrete after fire initiation. In this study, a series of fire tests were carried out at different initial heating rates to find out its effects on the deterioration of tunnel structural members. Heat transfer analyses combined with an element elimination model were also carried out to verify its applicability in the same conditions as the fire tests. Moreover, the convection heat transfer coefficients compatible with fire test results were derived from parametric studies. In this course, their time-dependent variations were also analyzed at different initial heating rates. Finally, a numerical formula to estimate the heat transfer coefficients at the various initial heating rates was proposed by the interpolation of the results of numerical analyses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.846-853
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• 2024

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), which provides plant-based proteins and functional substances, requires a long soaking time during processing, which limits its usefulness to industries and consumers. To improve this, ultrasonic treatment using high pressure and shear force was judged to be an appropriate pretreatment method. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of ultrasound treatment for the improved hydration of adzuki beans using the response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables chosen to regulate the hydration process of the adzuki beans were the soaking time (2-14 h, X₁), treatment intensity (150-750 W, X₂), and treatment time (1-10 min, X₃). Dependent variables chosen to assess the differences in the beans post-immersion were moisture content, water activity, and hardness. The optimal conditions for treatment deduced through RSM were a soaking time of 12.9 h, treatment intensity of 600 W, and treatment time of 8.65 min. In this optimal condition, the values predicted for the dependent variables were a moisture content of 58.32%, water activity of 0.9979 a_w, and hardness of 14.63 N. Upon experimentation, the results obtained were a moisture content of 58.28 ± 0.56%, water activity of 0.9885 ± 0.0040 a_w, and hardness of 13.01 ± 2.82 g, confirming results similar to the predicted values. Proper ultrasound treatment caused cracks in the hilum, which greatly affects the water absorption of adzuki beans, accelerating the rate of hydration. These results are expected to help determine economically efficient processing conditions for specific purposes, in addition to solving industrial problems associated with the low hydration rate of adzuki beans.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.E2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

In order to present the scientific information of organic emissions from consumer products available, the current study examined the emissions composition for three different types of consumer products being used in Korea in an environmental chamber: air freshener (AF), mosquito repellents (MSQR), and moth repellents (MTHR). Emission rates were evaluated by determining emission rates of the target compound from the selected products using an electropolished stainless steel (SS) test chamber $(40{\times}25{\times}50cm^3)$. A time-dependent empirical relationship developed in this study agreed well with the test results. As same with the emission concentrations, MSQR exhibited the highest emission rate for all target compounds except for limonene and naphthalene. MTHR ($9,200\;{\mu}g\;h^{-1}$) showed the highest emission rate of naphthalene followed by MSQR ($8,300\;{\mu}g\;h^{-1}$). Moreover, the concentrations in residential bedroom conditions for target compounds emitted from three types of consumer products were estimated. This estimation suggests that the uses of consumer products can elevate indoor levels of target compounds. In particular, any types of the consumer products may increase the indoor level of m, p-xylene.