• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.279-295
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• 2014

A series of one-dimensional consolidation tests and triaxial creep tests were performed on Nansha clays, which are interactive marine and terrestrial deposits, to investigate their time-dependent behaviour. Based on experimental observations of oedometer tests, normally consolidated soils exhibit larger secondary compression than overconsolidated soils; the secondary consolidation coefficient ($C_{\alpha}$) generally gets the maximum value as load approaches the preconsolidation pressure. The postsurcharge secondary consolidation coefficient ($C_{\alpha}$') is significantly less than $C_{\alpha}$. The observed secondary compression behaviour is consistent with the $C_{\alpha}/C_c$ concept, regardless of surcharging. The $C_{\alpha}/C_c$ ratio is a constant that is applicable to the recompression and compression ranges. Compared with the stage-loading test, the single-loading oedometer test can evaluate the entire process of secondary compression; $C_{\alpha}$ varies significantly with time and is larger than the $C_{\alpha}$ obtained from the stage-loading test. Based on experimental observations of triaxial creep tests, the creep for the drained state differs from the creep for the undrained state. The behaviour can be predicted by a characteristic relationship among axial strain rate, deviator stress level and time.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2003

Because a word of Korean digits is a syllable and deeply coarticulatied in connected digits, some recognition models based on demisyllables have been proposed by researchers. However, they could not show an excellent recognition results yet. This paper proposes a recognition model based on extended and context-dependent demisyllables, such as a tri-demisyllable like a tri-phone, for the Korean 4-connected digits recognition. For experiments, we use a toolkit of HTK 3.0 for building this model of continuous HMMs using training Korean connected digits from SiTEC database and for recognizing unknown ones. The results show that the recognition rate is 92% and this model has an ability to improve the recognition performance of Korean connected digits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare long-term hospital and general hospital for delirium prevalence and precipitating factors in elderly patients. Method: The participants were 184 patients aged 65 or older from one general hospital and 4 long-term facilities. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method and precipitating factors for delirium were classified as demographic, physical condition, disease and drug factors associated with delirium found in a literature analysis. Results: Delirium prevalence was 5.4% and there was no significant difference according to hospital type. Most of the patients with delirium were male, dependent and dehydrated and had sleep disturbances, diseases and drugs associated with delirium and, had multi-drugs prescriptions. Non-delirious patients also had two or more delirious symptoms and several precipitating factors. Delirious patients were more dependent, urinary incontinent and had sleep-disturbances compared to the non-delirious group. The participants in the long-term hospitals were found to have frequently previous delirium history. Conclusion: Even though the prevalence rate of delirium was not high, most elderly patients, regardless of delirium, are a very high risk group and dependent ADL, sleep disturbances, and/or urinary incontinence could be used predictive factors for delirium.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.404-416
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the cognitive levels and the science process skills based on the cognitive styles. The subjects of the study were 5-6th grade 790 students sampled by random cluster sampling method in three schools from large cities, small cities, and rural areas respectively. The results are as follows. 1) The field independent students showed significantly higher(p< 0.001) cognitive level than the field dependent ones. 2) The field independent group showed higher formation rate of subskills of the logical thinking skills than the field dependent groups. 3) It was found out that the field independent group attained significantly higher scores of science process skills than the field dependent group in 5th and 6th grade students. 4) The more cognitive levels became higher, the more science process skills were significantly higher(p< 0.001). 5) There were significant(p<0.001) differences among the science process skills for grade levels and three regions. And that there were not significant differences in the science process skills between males and females, 6) The science process skills of the field independent and the formal operational group could be acquired better scores in the science process skills than those who belong to another combinations.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2014

The thickness dependent electrical, structural, and optical properties of ZnO films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at various growth temperatures were investigated. In order to deposit ZnO films, diethylzinc and deionized water were used as metal precursor and reactant, respectively. ALD process window was found at the growth temperature range from $150^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$ with a growth rate of about $1.7{\AA}/cycle$. The electrical properties were studied by using van der Pauw method with Hall effect measurement. The structural and optical properties of ZnO films were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectrometry as a function of thickness values of ZnO films, which were selected by the lowest electrical resistivity. Finally, the figure of merit of ZnO films could be estimated as a function of the film thickness. As a result, this investigation of thickness dependent electrical, structural, and optical properties of ZnO films can provide proper information when applying to optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes and solar cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the quality characteristics of madeleine combined with lyophilized red snow crab Chionoecetes japonicus leg-meat powder (CM). The madeleine was prepared by the addition of wheat flour containing 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations of CM. Moisture content, pH, and baking loss rate did not differ significantly among groups. Light coloration significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while red and yellow coloration significantly increased. Hardness, chewiness and gumminess significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, while cohesiveness, springiness and adhesiveness did not differ from CON (madeleine containing 0% CM). In terms of sensory characteristics, appearance and color did not differ compared to CON, while taste, flavor and overall preference increased in a dose-dependent manner, with CM10 having the highest score among the groups. The present study assesses the potential of this improved formula as a convenience food.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.775-780
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• 2013

This paper proposes a speaker-dependent speech recognition algorithm which can classify the gender for male and female speakers in white noise and car noise, using a neural network. The proposed speech recognition algorithm is trained by the neural network to recognize the gender for male and female speakers, using LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) cepstrum coefficients. In the experiment results, the maximal improvement of total speech recognition rate is 96% for white noise and 88% for car noise, respectively, after trained a total of six neural networks. Finally, the proposed speech recognition algorithm is compared with the results of a conventional speech recognition algorithm in the background noisy environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.7 s.172
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• pp.62-70
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• 2005

The nanoindenter and AFM have been used for nanofabrication, such as nanolithography, nanowriting, and nanopatterning, as well as measurement of mechanical properties and surface topology. Nanoscale indents can be used as cells for molecular electronics and drug delivery, slots for integration into nanodevices, and defects for tailoring the structure and properties. Therefore, it is very important to make indents of desired morphology (shape, size and depth). Indents of different shapes can be obtained by using indenters of different geometries such as a cube comer and conical and spherical tips. The depth and size of indents can be controlled by making indentations at different indentation loads. However, in case of viscoplastic viscoelastic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) the time dependent deformation (TDD) should also be considered. In this study, the effect of process parameters such as loading rate and hold-time at peak load on the indent morphology (maximum penetration depth, elastic recovery, transient creep recovery, residual depth pile-up height) of PMMA were studied for hyperfine pattern fabrication.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Gagamtunong-san(GTNS) which has been medicated the patient such as mastitis. The results were as follows. The cytotoxicity on mouse lung fibroblast Cells(mLFC) was not served at all concentration of GTNS. GTNS in RAW264.7 cell inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Specially GTNS inhibited NOS-II production very significantly at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. GTNS inhibited NO production significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. GTNS inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. GTNS inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute anti-inflammation-induced mice. GTNS increased the survival rate from the 3rd day on LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. These results suggest that Gagamtunong-san(GTNS) can be useful in treating a lot of women mammary diseases caused by inflammation such as acute and chronic mastitis.

• 전기의세계
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.54-60
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• 1974

Proposals were mode on how to differentiate radiation effects in morphological phases of polyethylene and discussions were developed with the results obtained on a low density polyethylene, SOCAREX, specified by number average molecular weight; overbar Mn=5,400, density; 0.92, and degree of branch; 3.4/100 carbon atom, which was irradiated to Co$^{60}$ .gamma. ray at the dose rate of 0.5 Mrad/hr in ambient temperature under the pressure of 10$^{-5}$ Torr. or 1 atm. respectively. The effect to crystalline phase in possibly deduced from dose dependent variation of relative area between (110) and (200) peaks on X ray diffraction spectrum and that, the effects to amorphous phase can be understood through dose dependent relaxation behaviours of .betha. peak on internal friction characteristics of the specimen. The results obtained thus far indicate that, in crystalline phase, relative crystallinity shows a rather rapid decrease up to 20 Mrad with increasing dose, however, little change of crystallinity can be observed in the region between 20-200 Mrad, and degradation appears to be more predominant than crosslinking up to 60 Mrad. While in amorphous phase the indication also shows that degradation is only predominant up to 20 Mrad. Furthermore several correlations can be seen with amenable explanation between dose dependent behaviours observed in both phases.