• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of response prompting through 3-steps compliance training to reaction time for child with Asperger's syndrome(AS). The participant was 3 and 8 year-old boy who was diagnostic As with non-compliant, delayed receptive language. Study design was multiple-baseline across behaviors. Target Behaviors were hands-up, following direction, and answering behavior. Dependent variable was latency reaction time during compliance training. This results mean that reaction time was increased raise hands-up behavior, compliance behavior and response ask questions. During intervention, the participant improve the rate on-task behavior as well as reduce off-task behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

As the electrical property of fully saturated soils is dependent on the pore water, it has been commonly used for the detection of the contamination into the ground. The objective of this study is to investigate the electrical characteristics according to the salinity and the lead concentration in fully saturated soils. Fresh water and saline water with the salinity of 1%, 2% and 3%, which are mixed with 6 different lead solutions with the range of 0~10 mg/L, are prepared in the cylindrical cell incorporated with sensors for measuring electrical resistance and time domain reflectometry signal. Then, the dried sands are water-pluviated into the cell. The electrical resistance and the time domain reflectometry signal are used to estimate the electrical conductivity. Test results show that electrical conductivity determined from electrical resistance at the frequency of 1 kHz continuously increases with an increase in the lead concentration, thus it may be used for the estimation of the contaminant level. In addition, the electrical conductivity estimated by the time domain reflectometry changes even at very low concentration of lead, the variation rate decreases as the lead concentration increases. Thus, the time domain reflectometry can be used for the investigation of the heavy metal leakage. This study demonstrates that complementary characteristics of electrical resistance and time domain reflectometry may be used for the detection of the leakage and contamination of heavy metal in coastal and marine environments.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was aimed to evaluate the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction after irradiation and epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment in three human epithelial tumor cell lines (A431, Siha, KB). Materials and Methods: Single irradiation of 2, 5 and 10 Gy was done on three cell lines with 5.38 Gy/min dose rate using Cs-137 irradiator at room temperature. Also, EGF of 10 ng/ml was added immediately after 10 Gy irradiation. Cell growth was evaluated by counting the living cell number using a hemocytometer at 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days after irradiation. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction were assayed with the flow cytometry at 8 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days after irradiation. Results : Growth of irradiated three cell lines were inhibited in proportion to radiation dose. EGF treatment after irradiation showed various results according to cell lines. On all cell lines, G2 arrest was detected after 8 hours and maximized after 12 hours or 1 day. Amount of G2 arrest was positively dose dependent. However, EGF showed no significant change on G2 arrest. G2 arrest was recovered with time at 2 Gy and 5 Gy irradiation. However, at 10 Gy irradiation, G2 arrest was continued. Apoptosis was detected at 10 Gy irradiation. On EGF treated group after irradiation, A431 and Siha cell lines showed slightly increased apoptosis but there was no statistically significant difference. KB cell line showed no marked change of apoptosis induction. Conclusion : Irradiation effects on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in three human epithelial tumor cell lines, however epidermal growth factor doesn't effect on.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.261-297
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• 2004

Social welfare facilities where provide the socially disadvantaged with proper social services, face financial difficulties. This is because not only of the lack of governmental support, but also of social welfare facilities' lack of skills in developing abundant resources from the private sector. In this context, this study tried to find factors affecting resource mobilization of the social welfare facilities to devise policies in resource development. Mail survey was conducted with the structured questionnaire. Employees in charge of community resource development were asked to answer the questionnaire. The study population were two types of welfare facilities: community welfare centers and residential care facilities. A total of 293 community welfare centers and 632 residential care facilities responded to the survey. The response rate was about 62%. The dependent variable of the study was the amount of resource mobilization in the year 2001 which was measured as the number of donors, the total amount of donation, and estimated amount of gift-in-kind. Three types models were constructed per each welfare facility. Independent variables were selected based on the previous research findings: community environment factor, structural factor, and resource development factor. Multiple regression was utilized to analyze the data. The resource development factor turned out to be significant variable in various models. In the models of donors, the amount of donation, and the amount of gift-in-kind, at least one out of four variables in the resource development factor was significant. Welfare centers which establish the resource development department or hire employees to take care of resource development, and adopt computer software in managing donors, receive more donations than their counterparts. Interestingly, the centers where employees take the responsibility of resource development as well as other responsibilities (dual duty), did not have more resources mobilized than those with no employees for resource development. Using computer software in managing donors turned out to be a significant variable in many models, except for the donor model. In addition, residential care facilities located in urban area have more donors and donations, and among residential facilities those for the elderly, children, and the mentally retarded and those hiring more employees, receive more donations than those for the disabled and those hiring less employees. As for the gift-in-kind model, the centers located in high income area and residential facilities for the elderly, women and mentally retarded receive less gift-in-kind than those for the disabled. Based on the above findings, this study suggested that to mobilize resources the welfare centers as well residential care facilities need to have community resource development department or resource development staffs, and adopt computer software to systematically organize donors.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.266-295
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• 1974

The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the effective management of medical literature in Korean libraries and specifically to help to select medical books and periodicals by determining the value and life of medical literature by means of citation counting and analysis. This report will present methods of calculation and data collection to measure the importance, half life of medical literature and the authority of author for Korean medical libraries. The writer conducted comparative studies based on data covering a two-year period, 1970-1971, using about 16,899 citations in 1,032 articles of the above journals. The references and citations are counted and analyzed by the number of authors, periodicals. books and publication dates. By the following ratio. calculated by the citation counting and analysis, we can decide the rates of medical periodicals to books, foreign literature to domestic literature and literature of the most numerously cited. authors, for the selecting method of Korean Medical libraries. (1) It is disclosed that 61 main authors are cited 9 times. Most of them are Western authors, they are cited 14,374 times which represents 88.6 % of the total citations. (2) The cited medical literature is classified as follows: The ratio of cited medical periodicals to the cited medical books is 82.0%. (The books at a rate of 18.0%.) Therefore, the wnter concentrated the efforts on the analysis of periodicals. (3) Classification of the periodicals by countries indicates that about 11.2% of total citations are made from Korean medical literature. The medical activities in Korea are dependent on the advanced foreign countries at ratio of 88.8%. Of the foreign medical periodicals cited, Japanese literature represents only 4.5% while literature of European countries and America constitutes 84.3%. (4) If medical journals are arranged in order of decreasing productivity of articles on a given subject, they may be revealed that it is necessary to have 98 titles of key journals to cover 60% of information in the field of medical science and 60 titles for an average of 50%. (5) For the purpose of measuring the life of medical literature in Korea, the writer has calculated the half lives of periodicals and books as follows: Kinds of Literature 1. Periodicals 2. Books 3. Whole literature Half-lives 7.75 years 4.11 years 6.37 years (6) The half lives of domestic and Japanese literature in the medical science are comparatively short.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.690-695
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of alkaline treatment on Styela clava tunic (SCT). Considerable damage to the surface of alkali-treated SCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a concentration-dependent manner upon alkaline treatment. The amount of crystalline region in SCT gradually increased with increasing NaOH concentration, which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The initial enzymatic reaction of Celluclast toward SCT was elevated by treatment with NaOH up to 1.0 N concentration due to disruption of the SCT surface by promoting binding of enzymes with SCT. However, in the late stage of the enzyme reaction, hydrolysis rate decreased with elevation of NaOH concentration, thereby increasing the amount of non-reacted residuals. This result was due to the increase in the crystalline regions in SCT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1627-1631
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• 2008

This study was to analyze the physiology activity of barley leaf extract using different drying methods. Yield of RL (raw leaf) and barley leaves dried did not show significant difference by various drying methods. There was no significant difference in total phenolic content by dry method. However, total flavonoid content was high in HD (dried after heat treatments) barley leaf after RL. There was no significance in barley leaf dried by SD (dried in the shade), FD (vacuum freeze dried) and MW (dried by microwave) after the microwave. Superoxide dismutase-like activity was high over 90%: $95.6{\pm}0.3%$ in RL, $94.9{\pm}0.7%$ in HD barley leaf, $92.0{\pm}1.3%$ in SD barley leaf, $91.5{\pm}0.4%$ in FD barley leaf, and $92.5{\pm}0.2%$ in MW barley leaf using the microwave. Significantly higher antioxidant activity was shown as compared to the control group of sesamol ($88.426{\pm}0.802%$), tocopherol ($88.8{\pm}0.6%$), and BHT ($86.6{\pm}0.8%$). Also, except for RL and MW barley leaf, all showed over 80% peroxyl radical scavenging activity and over 90% inhibition rate of xanthine oxidase. The results of this study show that total phenolic content and total flavonoid content by dry method were dependent on the drying temperature with no impact on antioxidant activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2007

Although the incidence and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) is steadily increasing at an alarming rate, its pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood yet. Recently, we found that the expression of Grb7 protein was markedly decreased in AD patients using proteomic analysis. In the present study, human Grb7 gene was fused with PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame PEP-1-Grb7 fusion protein. The expressed and purified PEP-1-Grb7 fusion proteins transduced efficiently into skin cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner when added exogenously in culture media. Once inside the cells, the transduced PEP-1-Grb7 protein was stable for 48 h. In addition, transduced PEP-1-Grb7 fusion protein markedly increased cell viability in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS by inhibition of the COX-2 expression level. These results suggest that the PEP-1-Grb7 fusion protein can be used in protein therapy for inflammatory skin disorders, including AD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Methane($CH_4$) is considered as the secondmost potent greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). Methanogenesis is an enzyme-mediated multi-step process by methanogens. In the penultimate step, methylated Co-M is reduced by methyl Co-M reductase (MCR) to $CH_4$ involving a nickel-containing cofactor F430. The activity of MCR enzyme is dependent on the F430 and therefore, the bioavailability of Ni to methanogens is expected to influence MCR activity and $CH_4$ production in soil. In this study, different doses of EDTA(Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) were applied in flooded soils to evaluate their suppression effect on methane production by chelating Ni of methanogenesis cofactor. METHODS AND RESULTS: EDTA was selected as chelating agents and added into wetland and rice paddy soil at the rates of 0, 25, 50, 75, and $100mmol\;kg^{-1}$ before 4-weeks incubation test. During the incubation, cumulative $CH_4$ production patterns were characterized. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were removed from their jars to analyze total soil Ni and water-soluble Ni content and methanogen abundance. Methane production from 100 mmol application decreased by 55 and 78% in both soils compared to that from 0 mmol. With increasing application rate of EDTA in both soils, water-soluble Ni concentration significantly increased, but total soil Ni and methanogen activities showed negative relationship during incubation test. CONCLUSION: The decrease in methane production with EDTA application was caused by chelating Ni of coenzyme F430 and inhibiting methanogenesis by methyl coenzyme M reductase. Consequently, EDTA application decreased uptake of Ni into methanogen, subsequently inhibited methanogen activities and reduced methane production in flooded soils.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2012

Toxic effects of heavy metal (Pb, Cr, As) were examined by the hatching rates of fertilized eggs in the oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eggs were exposed to Pb, Cr, As (0, 10, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000 ppb) and then normal hatching rates were investigated after 48 h. The normal hatching rates in the control condition (not including heavy metal) were greater than 80%, but suddenly decreased with increasing of heavy metal concentrations. Pb, Cr and As reduced the normal hatching rates in concentration-dependent way and a significant reduction occurred at concentration grater than 100, 100, 500 ppb, respectively. The ranking of heavy metal toxicity was Cr>As>Pb, with $EC_{50}$ values of 415, 518 and 1,029 ppb, respectively. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect-concentration (LOEC) show each 100 bbp and 500 ppb of normal hatching rates in exposed to Pb and As. The NOEC and LOEC of normal hatching rates in Cr were 10 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. From these results, the normal hatching rates of P. olivaceus have toxic effect at greater than the 100 ppb concentrations in Pb, As and the 10 ppb concentrations in Cr in natural ecosystems. These results suggest that biological assay using the normal hatching rates of P. olivaceus are very useful test method for the toxicity assessment of a toxic substance as heavy metal in marine ecosystems.