• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2000

Eosinophils are important effector cells in host defense against parasites. Excretory-secretory product (ESP) produced by helminthic worms plays important roles in the uptake of nutrients, migration in the host tissue, and in immune modulation. However little is known about the ability of the ESP to directly trigger eosinophil apoptosis. This study investigated whether the ESP of newly excysted metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani could induce apoptosis in human eosinophils. Apoptosis was assayed by staining the cells with FITC-annexin V, and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. It was found that the ESP of newly excysted metacercariae of P. westemani induced a direct time- and concentration-dependent increase in the rate of constitutive apoptosis in mature human eosinophils. Eosinophil apoptosis was first apparent 3 hr after treatment with the ESP and continued to increase after 6 hr of incubation with respect to the cells cultured in the absence of the ESP. While only 2.8% of the eosinophils incubated in the medium for 3 hr were apoptotic, 7.6%, 10.9% and 22.6% of the eosinophils treated with 10. 30 and $100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ ESP were apoptotic, respectively. This result suggests that the ESP of newly excysted metacercariae of P. westermani directly induce eosinophil apoptosis, which may be important for the survival of the parasites and the reduction of eosinophilic inflammation in vivo.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

An Euler-Lagrange two-phase flow model is presented fur simulation sheet-flow transport under wave and current. The flow is computed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation in conjunction with the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model for turbulence closure. The sediment transport is introduced as a motion of granular media under the action of unsteady flow from the Lagragian point of view. In other word, motion of every single particle is numerically traced with Movable Bed Simulator (MBS) code based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM), in which the frequent interparticle collision of the moving particles during the sheet-flow transport is sophisticatedly taken into account. The particle diameter effect on time-dependent developing process of sheet-flow transport is investigated, by using three different diameter sizes of sediment. The influence of an imposed current on oscillatory sheet-flow transport is also investigated. It is concluded that the sediment transport rate increases due to the relaxation process related to the time-lag between flow velocity and sediment motion.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop the U-turn accident model at 4-legged signalized intersections in urban areas. METHODS : In order to analyze the characteristics of the accidents which are associated with U-turn operation at 4-legged signalized intersections in urban areas and develop an U-turn accident model by regression analysis, the tests of overdispersion and zero-inflation are conducted about the dependent variables of number of accidents and EPDO (Equivalent Property Damage Only). RESULTS : As their results, the Poisson model fits best for number of accident and the ZIP (Zero Inflated Poisson) fits best for EPOD, the variables of conflict traffic, width of opposing road, traffic passing speed are adopted as independent variable for both models. The variables of number of bus berths and rate of U-turn signal time at which the U-turn is permitted are adopted as independent variable only for EPDO. CONCLUSIONS : These study results suggest that U-turn would be permitted at the intersection where the width of opposing road is wider than 11.9 meters, the passing vehicle speed is not high and U-turn operation is not hindered by the buses stopping at bus stops.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2014

In this paper, performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in an impulsive noise environment is analyzed. Here, it is verified that performance of the OFDM system with window nonlinearity, which is one of the impulsive noise mitigation algorithms, is dependent on the over-sampling rate and the size of window. With respect to the variation of those parameters, we also provide an appropriate region of threshold values that control amplitudes of the sampled waveform of received signals. As a result, a new combination of parameters which improves error performance of OFDM system in an impulsive noise environment as compared to the previously reported parameters is presented.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

Industrialization and development of technology satisfied various humanly needs and lay the basis of numerous benefit and profit. New technologies like these mostly required large amounts of fossil Fuel, Fossil energy depletion rate was increasing rapidly. However, technical development for Human race required absolute sacrifice of the environment. Especially, 'City' which had been focused as stage of human activities, allowed to continue to have fossil energy dependent activities, and it shows in many data that the city is responsible for the 75-80% of the green house gas by human. In order to solve the problem relating climate changes and energy, European countries already made progress studies on many of the low carbon green city and pilot case construction. Especially, Germany, Austria, Holland, Sweden who had been playing leader role on environmental awareness and ecological concept, are actively constructing low carbon green city project based on Ecological city planning scheme. These projects positively utilize planning scheme that limits carbon emission using Urban Metabolism concept. Therefore, throughout this study, I would like to present planning and direction of future domestic low carbon green city by analyzing theories relative theories and best practices in Europe.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.909-917
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• 2020

The research aims to analyze the firm-specific and macroeconomic factors that affect insurance company's financial performance. The research explores the variables that influence the financial performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)' insurance companies. The analysis for determining financial performance considers the following variables: the firm's age, retention ratio, capital adequacy, underwriting risk/loss ratio, financial-leverage, reinsurance dependency, and macro-economic factors such as GDP per capita, inflation rate considered as independent factors. The return-on-asset (ROA) is the key measuring indicator; it is regarded as the dependent variable for financial performance measures. The research focuses on secondary information obtained from insurance companies' financial statements. The researcher targeted 18 insurance companies listed on the UAE stock exchanges for study purposes. The research examines the overall factors that influence the financial performance of an insurance company. For analysis of data, software package of social sciences (SPSS version 20) is used. The studies used correlation and multiple linear regression analysis to determine financial performance and their effects. The analysis suggests that there are important and constructive relationships between the size, capital adequacy, and reinsurance dependency, while loss ratio, retention ratio, and financial leverage indicate a major negative relationship. And there's no link between GDP per capita and inflation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.863-867
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• 2020

This study was conducted on financial data of 38 economic groups listed on Vietnam's stock market for the period 2009 - 2019 and it aims to provide an empirical evidence on the impact of working capital management policy on performance in all phases of the economic cycle of Vietnamese economic groups. The study uses FGLS estimation method with 2 dependent variables ROA, GOP, independent variables including INV, AR, AP, CCC, dummy variable representing different phases of the economic cycle, variables Control includes CAT, CR, LEV, SZ, GR. Research shows that the greater the level of investment by companies in liquid assets corresponding to a certain level of activity (shown by average days of inventory (INV), average days of collection. (AR), cash flow cycle (CCC)) the lower the rate of return on assets. The study also provides additional evidence of the negative effects of economic crisis on the performance of economic groups. The study also shows that the number of short-term asset cycles has a positive impact on operational efficiency, and the level of debt use has a negative impact on operational efficiency. This result implies that the managers of economic groups can increase the efficiency of businesses through a reasonable working capital policy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.212-222
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of infection control education for families of patients infected with vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE). Method: Forty family members of VRE patients were chosen from a university hospital and assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group was provided infection control education that consisted of one-on-one instruction using an information booklet, hand-washing video, and demonstration of hand washing practice. Dependent variables were self-reported knowledge and performance of VRE infection control measures, and the number of hand washings when entering and leaving patients' rooms. Results: Knowledge and performance scores were significantly higher for the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group washed their hands significantly more often when entering and leaving patients' rooms than the control group. Conclusion: Infection control education for family members of VRE patients was effective in improving knowledge and performance of infection control measures as well as improving the practice of hand washing. Further investigation is needed on the effects of infection control education for families on the actual VRE colonization and/or infection rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 2002

This study was to identify the trends and contents of imagery interventions and to evaluate the effects of imagery interventions by using meta-analysis. Method: The materials used for this study were 15 imagery intervention studies carried out from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2001. The studies were analyzed and evaluated in different categories: 1) types of dependent variables 2) types of imagery 3) interval of imagery 4) total duration of imagery 5) sample characteristics 6) intervention method. Result: 1) Behavioral imagery was more prevalent than dynamic imagery. There were wide variations in duration, and interval of interventions. Imagery intervention had moderate effects on psychological variables (state of anxiety, depression & and stress etc.) and had moderate to large effects on physiological variable(pulse rate, cortisol etc.). Behavioral imagery had larger effects than dynamic imagery. Imagery applied to the public had larger effect on decreasing the state of anxiety and stress than applied to the patients. But imagery applied to the patients had a larger effect on decreasing depression than applied to the public. The imagery intervention method by using the individual approach had greater effect than group approach method. Conclusion: These results of this study will be used to guide the development of imagery interventions to nursing practice. Also, various types of imagery interventions need to be developed based on the characteristics of nursing practice.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 1987

The kinetics of the reaction of $[Mo_3O_4(H_2O)_9]^{4+}$ with $VO_2^+$have been studied at $25^{\circ}C$ by spectrophotometric method. With$VO_2^+$ in excess, the $[Mo_3O_4(H_2O)_9]^{4+}$ reaction can be expressed as $Mo^{IV}_3+6V^V{\rightleftarrows}3Mo^{IV}+6V^IV}$. Observed rate constants for the reaction are dependent on [$H^+$] and [$VO_2^+$]. Mechanism for the redox of $[Mo_3O_4(H_2O)_9]^{4+}$and $VO_2^+$ is proposed and discussed.