• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate the effects of irradiation on the phenotypic expression of the MC3T3-El osteoblastic cell line, particularly on the expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin. Materials and Methods: Cells were irradiated with a single dose of 0.5, 1,4, and 8 Gy at a dose rate of 5.38 Gy/min using a cesium 137 irradiator. After the specimens were harvested, RNA was extracted on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after irradiation. The RNA strands were reverse-transcribed and the resulting cDNAs were subjected to amplification by PCR. Results: The irradiated cells demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in osteocalcin and a dose-dependent decrease in osteopontin mRNA expression compared with the non-irradiated control group, The amount of osteocalcin mRNA expression decreased significantly at the 3rd day after irradiation of 0,5, 1,4, and 8 Gy, and also decreased significantly at the 3rd, 14th, and 21 st day after irradiation in the 8 Gy exposed group compared with the control group, The degree of osteopontin mRNA expression increased significantly at the 7th day after irradiation of 0,5, 1,4, and 8Gy, Conclusion: These results showed that each single dose of 0,5, 1, 4, and 8 Gy influenced the mRNA expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin associated with the calcification stage of osteoblastic cells, suggesting that each single dose affected bone formation at the cell level.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2008

We propose a new method for recognizing the activities of daily living(ADL) based on the state-dependent motion analysis using 3-axial accelerometers and a glove type RFID reader. Two accelerometers are used for the classification of 5 body states based on the decision tree. Classification of the instrumental activities is performed based on the hand interaction with an object ID using an accelerometer and a RFID reader. Object-dependent hand movements are classified into 5 categories in advance and final decision combines the body state and the instrumental activities. Experiment shows that the suggested hierarchical motion analysis provides accuracy rate of over 90% for all 20 ADLs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.9 s.240
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2005

Temporal behavior of the laser induced incandescence (LII) signal is often used for soot particle sizing, which is possible because the cooling behavior of a laser heated particle is dependent on the particle size. In present study, LII signals of soot particles are modeled using two non-linear coupled differential equations deduced from the energy- and mass-balance of the process. The objective of this study is to obtain an appropriate calibration curve for determining primary particle size by comparing the gated signal ratio and double-exponential curve fitting methods. Not only the effects of laser fluence and gas temperature on the cooling behavior but also heat transfer mechanisms of heated soot particle have been investigated. The second-order exponential curve fitting showed better agreements with the LII signals than the gated signal ratio method which was based on the lust-order exponential curve fit. And the temporal decay rate of the LII signal and primary particle size showed nearly linear relationship, which was little dependent on the laser fluence. And it also could be reconfirmed that vaporization was dominant process of heat loss during first loons after laser pulse, then heat conduction played most important role while thermal radiation had little influence all the time.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits CD20-mediated B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Several studies have examined its use in intractable nephrotic syndrome (NS) with some positive results. However, those studies examined such effects for a short-term period of 1 year, and some patients continued to relapse after a lapse in RTX treatment. Our use of RTX as a maintenance therapy (RTX injection when the CD19 cell count exceeded $100-200/{\mu}L$ before relapse) showed some noticeable efficacy. We used RTX in 19 patients with steroid-dependent NS (SDNS). In 12 patients treated with RTX maintenance therapy, only one relapse occurred. The mean treatment period was $23.4{\pm}12.7months$, and the mean number of RTX administrations was $3.9{\pm}1.6$. The relapse rates were decreased (from 2.68/year to 0.04/year), and the drug-free period also increased (from 22.5 days/year to 357.1 days/year) during maintenance therapy. The other seven patients were treated with one cycle of RTX or additional cycles in case of relapse (non-maintenance therapy). Relapse rates were significantly decreased after RTX treatment (from 1.76/year to 0.96/year, P=0.017). The relapse-free period was $15.55{\pm}7.38$ (range, 5.3-30.7) months. No severe side effects of RTX were found except for a hypersensitivity reaction such as fever and chills during its infusion. In conclusion, RTX is considered an effective and safe option to reduce the relapse rate by a single- or maintenance-interval therapy in SDNS.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.805-814
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• 2013

This paper proposes a robust hand segmentation method using view-invariant characteristic of a wrist-mounted camera, and deals with a hand shape recognition system based on segmented hand information. We actively utilize the advantage of the proposed camera device that provides view-invariant images physically, and segment hand region using a Bayesian rule based on adaptive histograms. We construct HSV histograms from RGB histograms, and update HSV histograms using hand region information from a current image. We also propose a user adaptation method by which hand models gradually approach user-dependent models from user-independent models as the user uses the system. The proposed method was evaluated using 16 Korean manual alphabet, and we obtained increases of 27.91% in recognition success rate.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2002

The present study designed to investigate whether hwangryunhaedok-tang show an anti-hypertensive effect and elucidate its possible mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The systolic blood pressures (SBP) were significantly decreased as an oral administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with their control group. The urine volume was significantly increased by administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang but urinary sodium (UNaV), potassium (UKV), chloride excretion (UCIV) were not remarkably affected. The urinary creatinine excretion rate (UcrV) was significantly increased in rats administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang in association with increase of creatinine clearance (Ccr). The urine osmolality (Uosmol) was significantly decreased in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang without being changed in solute-free water reabsorption ( TcH20). The expressions of Aquaporin 2 (AQP-2). 3 and ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na.K-ATPase were determined by Western blot analysis to assess the role of these proteins in association with changes of renal functions in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang. The expression of AQP-2 and 3 protein was significantly down-regulated in the kidney of SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with those in control rats without being altered expression of ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na,K-ATPase. In the in vitro assay, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was inhibited by hwangryunhaedok-tang in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine and/or palmatine, which are well known as a main components of hwangryunhaedok-tang, also have an ACE inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that hwangryunhaedok-tang lowered blood pressure through the increase of diuresis caused by down-regulation of water channels and the inhibition of Angiotensin converting enzyme.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Objectives This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Dai-saiko-to (DSH) on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and body weight, serum lipid levels in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Materials and Methods Cells were incubated with DSH at an indicated concentration (0.01-1 mg/ml) for 24h, then the growth rate was assessed by MTS assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated in DMEM for 2 days with the indicated concentrations of DSH. On Day 6, the cells were fixed and the cellular lipid contents were assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) as adipocyte-specific proteins were determined by real time RT-PCR and western blotting. Four-weeks old mice (wild-type C57BL/6) were used for all experiments. Body weight gain and serum lipid levels were measured in the obesity-induced mice. Results DSH did not show toxicity even at the concentration of 1 mg/ml and DSH significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Also, DSH significantly reduced the expressions of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DSH significantly reduced body weight gain, serum glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents in obesity-induced mice. Conclusions These results demonstrated that DSH inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiations and high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.551-554
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• 2012

The present laboratory investigation was conducted to assess the effect of heavy metals on carbon mineralization. Soil was treated with three concentrations (50, 100 and $150{\mu}mol\;g^{-1}$ soil) of two heavy metals (Cd and Zn) in a factorial combination of treatments replicated four times. Determination of carbon mineralization was carried out at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 days after metal treatments.. The amount of $CO_2$-C released from heavy metal treated soils was found to be decreased at an increasing rate during the first 28 days, followed by slow release as incubation progressed. The total amounts of $CO_2$-C released were 448, 382 and $348mg\;kg^{-1}$ soil respectively for soils treated with 50, 100 and $150{\mu}mol\;g^{-1}$ soil of Zn. The corresponding figures for Cd treated soils were 406, 354 and $282mg\;kg^{-1}$ soil implying that dose-dependent reduction in cumulative $CO_2$-C released from soils. The inhibition of carbon mineralization was found to be high in Cd treated soils than that of Zn treated. Therefore, tolerance and adaptation of the microbial community is likely to be related to the concentration and the type of metal. According to the results, carbon mineralization can be considered as possible indicator of soil pollution by means of heavy metals.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.64-70
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• 2005

The overall results of hot firing tests of fuel-rich gas generator with impinging injector at design and off-design points are described. The gas generator consists of an injector head with impinging injector, a water cooled combustor wall, a turbulence ring to enhance mixing, an instrument ring measuring temperature and pressure and a nozzle. The combustion tests were successfully performed without damage of gas generator. Test results show that the outlet temperature is not dependent on residence time of hot gas within 4～6msec but dependent on chamber pressure. The relation between outlet temperature and combustion efficiency resulting from measured pressure, mass flow rate and area of nozzle throat is shown. The overall O/F ratio is the critical parameter to determine the outlet temperature and the linear correlation between two parameters is established.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1_2 s.25
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• pp.45-56
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• 1979

With a view to searching after a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in the botanical crude plants, authors intended to reevaluate several natural products caltivated in Korea. This experiment was undertaken to compare pharmacogical actions of Machilus thunbergii Siebold et Zuccarini with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg in anesthetized rats and in normal mice. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., a tree belonging to the Lauraceae family, is caltivated at Ull-ung Do, and their cortecies have been used as folk medicine mingled with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg. These two cortecies have teen also applied in chinese medicine, it was advocated that these cortecies exerted good therapeutic effects on gastritis, convulsive abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urinary tract disorders. Therefore, we intended to determine the pharmacological action of two palnt of different family each other, especially their effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and also their mechanism of action were observed. We studied their action with extracts of hexane(MTHE), ether(MTEE), methanol(MTME) and water(MTWE) from Machilus thunhergii Sieb. et Zucc., and also fractionations of methanol(MOME), chloroform(MOCE) and water(MOWE) from Mapolia obovata Thunberg. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1) MTME, when intravenously administered to rats, elicited the significant hypotensive responses dependent on the administered dosage. 2) MOWE was also exhibited the hypotensive effect dependent on the treated dose. 3) Depressor effect of MTME was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium. 4) The hypotensive response of MOWE was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium or hrdralazine. 5) HTME and MOWE were also observed the anticonvulsive effect and sedative effect. These results suggested that MTME may induce the hypotensive response via central sympathetic effect, but the site of action in brain are not clarified, and the hypotensive effect of MOWE may be due to dual mechanism of central sympathetic action and direct vasodilation of blood vessel.