• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2008

Transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. Natural polymer were selected as ointment material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of natural polymer ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as Nicotinic acid N-oxide in vitro. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. This result suggests a possible use of natural polymer ointment base as TTS of antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2001

Various alkyl ester prodrugs of diclofenac were synthesized in order to investigate the relationship between their skin permeation characteristics and physicochemical properties. Solubility in various vehicles was measured at room temperature. 1-Octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P) and capacity factors (k') were measured to determine the lipophilicity of the prodrugs. Stability of prodrugs in the skin extract and homogenate was also investigated before conducting the skin permeation studies. Increases in the Log P and capacity factor values were observed when alkyl esters of diclofenac were prepared. Since the aqueous solubility of the prodrugs was not high enough, they were saturated in propylene glycol (PG) for skin permeation studies. Prodrugs were rapidly metabolized to diclofenac, both in skin homogenate and in dermal extract of skin. The skin permeation rate of alkyl ester prodrugs was significantly higher than diclofenac with shorter lag time. Moreover, a parabolic relationship was observed between the permeation rate and the log P values of prodrugs, and the maximum flux was achieved at a log P value of around 4.0.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to determine whether skin spread of Myrrha has an effect on the cell regeneration as well as wound healing following dermal scald burn injury, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) level was analyzed immunologically in conjunction with the histological changes occurred in skin tissue. The KGF contents in Myrrha skin spread group, which shows cell regeneration ability in skin tissue after burn, increased after 5 hours. After 24 hours, 'the content of Myrrha skin spread group is noticeably higher than at 5 hours postburn. After 72 hours, KGF was decreased compared to at 24 hours postburn. Acceleration effect of KGF production in Myrrha skin spread group was high. Together with the result of histological changes, skin spread of Myrrha reduced protein degeneration and edema in dermis, and induced proliferation of epithelial cells. The data suggest that Myrrha has accelerate cell regeneration and wound healing in case of scald burn skin by spreading of paste.

• 경락경혈학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한경락경혈학회 2006년도 제2회 대한약침학회 공동 학술대회
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• pp.143-143
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• 2006

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2005년도 제45회 학술심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.70-70
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• 2005

• Clinical Pain
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2016

Objective: High frequency wave has been used in cancer treatment and cosmetic area but not in musculoskeletal pain yet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate temperature distribution according to depth and confirm safety of high frequency wave through animal study. Method: High frequency wave was applied to the posterior limb of 9 Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 minutes (experimental group) and no wave was used in the same number of rats for control group. Tissue temperature was measured from skin surface to 1 cm depth (surface, 1 mm, 5 mm, and 1 cm) for 5 seconds. Results: In the experimental group, temperature was elevated 3.2℃ at skin surface, 2.87℃ at 1 mm, 2.25℃ in 5 mm, and 1.74℃ in 1 cm depth. These were significantly different from those in the control group (p<0.001). There was no bulla or redness in the skin after high frequency wave stimulation and neither change of myocytes nor collagen degeneration was found in the tissue histology. There was no apoptosis in the skin surface and muscle layer in TUNEL assay. Conclusion: High frequency wave elevated tissue temperature from the skin to muscle layer without both histologic change and apoptosis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1994

Cu, Zn-SOD 억제제인 diethyldithiocarbamate(DDC)가 paraquat(PQ)에 의한 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 배양한 백서 섬유아세포에 DDC(30 mM)를 전처치하여 PQ를 100${\mu}M$이 되게 첨가해 배양하여 생존한 세포를 Carmichael 등의 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)법에 의해 측정한 결과 DDC 전처치 대조군과 DDC 전처치 PQ 첨가군 사이에 유의한 세포생존율의 차이는 없었다. Catalase 억제제인 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol(AT)를 전처치하여 PQ를 100${\mu}$M을 첨가하고 배양한 섬유아세포의 생존율을 MTT법에 의해 측정한 결과 AT 전처치 PQ 첨가군에서 유의한 세포생존율의 감소를 나타냈다. 섬유아세포를 PQ(200${\mu}$M)로 처치한 후 Cu, Zn-SOD를 첨가하여 생존한 세포수를 각각 MTT법에 의해 측정한 결과 Cu, Zn-SOD 첨가로 인한 세포생존율의 유의한 변화는 없었다. PQ 처치군에 catalase 첨가로 PQ처리 대조군에 비하여 생존한 세포수가 유의하게 증가되었다. 이상의 실험결과 일차배양한 백서 섬유아세포를 AT로 전처리하면 PQ독성이 증가되고, catalase 첨가로 독성이 감소되며, DDC전처치나 Cu, Zn-SOD첨가로 PQ에 의한 세포생존에 미치는 영향이 적은 점으로 미루어, PQ 독성은 surperoxide보다 과산화수소농도와 더 밀접한 연관성이 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin, PPD (25 mg/16.5 $\textrm{cm}^2$) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight (%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.578-589
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• 2003

The fuzzy rat that expresses hypersecretion of sebum and hyperplastic sebaceous glands is a genetic mutant for the study of many pharmacological aspects especially human acne. Through this model, we examined the effects of several phospholipids on the secretion of sebum after topical application. The phospholipid derivatives were phosphatidylcholine (PC), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (HPC), phosphati dylserine (PS) and hydrogenated phosphatidylserine(HPS). All agents were dissolved into the vehicle (1, 3-Butanediol, ethanol and water) at 0.5％ weight volume and applied on the dorsal area of the fuzzy rat. To observe histological changes, the skin biopsies were stained with Oil Red O and the size and morphology of sebaceous gland was observed under microscope. Topical treatment with PC and/or HPC showed a marked decrease in sebum excretion. Especially hydrogenated PC (HPC) appeared to have more predominant sebosuppressive function than any other treatment. The other agents such as PS and HPS showed a marginal effect on sebum secretion. With the sebosuppressive activity, HPC and PC seem to have a good potential application on acne treatment. In order to obtain more insights into possible mechanisms behind the above observations, effects of each phospholipid on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) genes were investigated. Recently, it has been demonstrated that expression and activation of PPAR subtypes appear to modulate the accumulation of cytoplasmic fat droplets that characterizes the sebocyte differentiation(1). It was also previously suggested that PPAR${\gamma}$ antagonist would seem possible to interfere sebum production without side effects (2). In this study we examined the diverse effects of the tested phospholipids on the expression of several PPAR genes based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the topically treated skin of fuzzy rats. The results and possible implications are discussed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2002

Heavy metals like Mercury and Cadmium cause various kinds of toxicities in the organs of Liver and Kidney. To observe the results of toxicity in the liver, kidney, and serum when the rats were injected subcutaneously with HgCl$_2$ and CdC1$_2$ and sacrificed after 24 hours and 72 hours from the last injection, we measured variation of lipidperoxide values in rat liver homogenate, variation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in rat serum. Variation of lipidperoxide values in rat kidney homogenate and variation of BUN in rat serum. It was found that Mercury and Cadmium administered subcutaneously to the skin in the air could cause the damages of liver and kidney.