• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.834-839
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• 2005

여성은 폐경 시 음식물 섭취가 증가하여 체중이 증가되고, 정상 여성보다 혈류관련질환 발병이 높아진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 갱년기 장애시 유발되는 체내 지질 함량 증가에 있어 오디 추출물이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 인위적 폐경을 유발시킨 난소절제 횐쥐에 오디추출물을 투여하여 그에 따른 혈 중 효소 활성 및 지질 함량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 난소 절제 후 오디추출물 투여는 난소절제로 인해 야기되는 혈 중 total- cholesterol 함량 및 혈청 지질농도의 증가를 감소하였다. 하지만 HDL-cholesterol은 난소절제 군에 비해 난소절제 후 오디추출물을 투여할 경우 그 수치가 증가하였으며, LDL-cholesterol은 반대로 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있어 오디추출물이 갱년기 장애 시 발생할 수 있는 혈 중 지질함량 변화에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 혈류관련질환에 대한 개선 식품으로의 활용이 기대된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2007

We investigated whether ethanol extracts of the safflower seeds containing phenolic compounds were responsible for the bone-protecting effects. Crude ethanol extract (CEE) of the safflower seeds was fed for 4 weeks at the level of 1% in diet to female Sprague-Dawley rats that had been subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). The CEE effects (OVX+CEE) were evaluated by comparing results obtained from OVX, Sham, and OVX injected with $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($OVX+E_2$) groups. OVX resulted in a dramatic reduction in the trabecular bone mass of the proximal tibia (approximately 40% of the Sham group) and an increase in fat deposition in bone marrow. In $OVX+E_2$ group, the bone loss was completely prevented as well as marrow adiposity. In OVX+CEE group, approximately 80% of the bone mass was maintained compared with Sham group and fat deposition in the bone marrow was prevented. Meanwhile, the partially purified ethanol extract containing the phenolic compounds stimulated proliferation of the ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells in a dose-dependent manner, as potently as positive controls of $E_2$ and genistein. The present data demonstrate that the ethanol extracts of safflower seeds reduced bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. The bone-protecting effect of safflower seeds seems to be mediated, at least partly, by the stimulating effect of the phenolic compounds on the growth of osteoblasts.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Soy isoflavones are structurally similar to estrogen and bind to estrogen receptors, suggesting that they exhibit estrogenic activities; therefore, they are referred to as phytoestrogens. Fermentation may affect the bioavailability of isoflavones altering soy isoflavone glycosides in the form of aglycones. Thus, this study investigated the effects of fermented soybeans by Rhizopus oligosporus on bone metabolism in both young rats as a pilot test and in ovariectomized (ovx) old rats as a model of menopause. MATERIALS/METHODS: In the pilot test, a total of 24 seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed one of three diets for a period of four weeks: casein, unfermented soybean product, or fermented soybean product by R. oligosporus. In the ovx rat model, 20-week-old SD rats weighing 260-290 g underwent either sham-operation (n = 10) or bilateral ovariectomy (n = 30) and were then fed the AIN-93M diet for one week. Thereafter, rats were fed sham-casein, ovx-casein, ovx-soybean, or ovx-fermented soybean diet for five weeks. After decapitation, femoral bones were isolated and preserved in 9% formalin for assessment of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone-breaking strength (BBS). RESULTS: Ovx rats showed significantly increased weight gain and decreased uterine wet weight. Of particular interest, ovx rats fed fermented soybeans showed increased uterine wet weights compared to control rats. Fermented soybean diet caused a significant increase in plasma 17-${\beta}$ estradiol concentrations in young rats, and 17-${\beta}$ estradiol levels were enhanced in ovx rats to match those of sham-operated ones. Significantly lower femoral BMD and BMC were observed in ovx rats compared to sham-operated controls, whereas bone areas did not differ statistically among the groups. In addition, BBS tended to be increased in ovx rats fed soybeans and fermented soybeans. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of fermented soybeans could have preventive and therapeutic effects against osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

Although an adequete intake of calcium (Ca) is recommended for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, the intake of Ca should be restricted because of its low rate of intestinal absorption. The purpose of this experiment was to identity the effect of the combined administration of Aquamin F (AQF) (a calcium agent) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on osteoporosis. Thirty ovariectomized (OVX) rats and six control rats were assigned to the following six groups, with six animals per group: sham Ca-deficient diet (Ca-D), OVX, LAB, AQF, and LAB-AQF. During the experiment, the body weight was measured; and after the experiment was completed, the serum biochemical analysis, the alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus leves were measured. The tissue of the femur was stained and then scanned via CT. The body weight of the OVX group increased more significantly than that of the control group. The results of the bone mineral content (BMC), Bone mineral density (BMD), serum biochemical analysis and histological test on the femur epiphysis showed no difference between the OVX group and the LAB group, whereas the results of the AQF group were more significant than those of the OVX group. In particular, the LAB+AQF group showed more significant increases in the aforementioned results than the AQF group. This experiment showed that the combined administration of AQF and LAB in ovariectomized rats more significantly increased bone density than did a single administration of either AQF or LAB.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1999

12주령 랫트의 정상 비골골절의 치유과정을 이해하고, 난소적출 후 비골골절의 치유과정과 난소적출 후 비골골절의 치유에 미치는 $1\alpha$, 25 dihyoxycholecalciferol의 영향을 알아보고자 실험을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 비골의 골절은 골절유발 후 5주에 성숙된 신생골 조직으로 충만되어 조직형태학적으로 완전한 치유가 이루어졌다. 난소적출 후 골절의 치유는 정상골절의 치유보다 지연되었으나, $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 투여 결과 골절유발 후 5주에 성숙된 신생골 조직으로 골절단이 충만되어 정상상태의 골절과 비슷하게 치유가 되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 랫트의 난소를 적출하여 여성호르몬의 결핍을 유발하면 난소적출 후 7주에는 골다공증이 발생되고, 골다공증은 정상상태의 골절에 비하여 약 1주일 이상 골절의 치유를 지연시켰으며, $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol을 투여하였을 경우 정상상태의 골절치유와 비슷한 경과를 나타내어 $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol은 골다공증성 골절의 치료에 있어서 효과있는 치료제라는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2004

폐경과 더불어 시작되는 폐경기의 에스트로겐 변화로 발생되는 건강 문제 중 심혈관계질환이 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 갱년기 장애 시 유발되는 체내 지질 함량 증가에 있어서 김 추출물이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 인위적 폐경을 유발시킬 수 있는 난소 절제 쥐에서 김 추출물의 혈 중 지질 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 난소 절제에 의한 total-cholesterol의 증가가 김 추출물을 투여함으로써 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 김 추출물 50 mg/kg bw/day에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈 중성 지방에서는 김 추출물 농도별 투여한 OVX-PT50, OVX-PT200 모든 군에서 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군과 비슷한 수준으로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 또한 혈 중 HDL-cholesterol은 김 추출물 투여로 인해 난소 절제한 군과 비교해서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 갱년기 장애 시 유발되는 지질 대사 이상으로 오는 심혈관계질환에 김의 섭취가 유익한 결과를 줄 것으로 사료되며, 또한 잘못된 식습관으로 오는 비만이나 심혈관계 질환에도 유익한 효과를 가져다 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.188-205
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this studies was to determine the effect of Carthami semen, Bogol-Tang and Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. on changes of trabecular area and physiological metabolites in the ovariectomized osteoporotic Rats. Methods : In order to induce estrogen deficient osteoporosis, ovariectomy was done on rats. Then the Carthami semen, Bogol-Tang and Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. were orally administerd: Such indexes were measured as the changes of body weight, bone mineral density, trabecular area in tibia, and levels of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum. Results : 1. The change of bone mineral density in Bogol-Tang group and Rhynchosia volubilis lour. group. was significantly increased compare to control group. 2. The change of trabecular area % in epiphysis of tibia in Carthami semen group was significantly increased compare to control group. 3. The change of trabecular area % in diaphysis of tibia in Bogol-Tang group was significantly increased compare to control group. 4. The change of serum osteocalcin in Bogol-Tang group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 5. The change of serum bone alkaline phosphatase in Bogol-Tang group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 5. The change of serum bone alkaline phosphatase in Bogol-Tang group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 6. The change of1 serum calcium in Rhynchosia volubilis lour. group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 7. The change of phosphorus in Carthami semen group and Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 8. The change of serum cholesterol and triglyceride of experimental groups were decreased in comparison with control group. 9. The change of serum AST(Aspartate aminotransferase : GOT) in Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. group was decreased compare to control group. 10. The change of serum ALT(Alanine aminotransferase : GPT) in Bogol-Tang group was decreased compare to control group.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.967-972
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• 2007

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and is characterized by diminished bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. We investigated the effects of the extract from Acyranthes Radix on the progress of bone loss in ovariectomized rats for 6 weeks. Female Sprague-Dawley 40 rats of 3-4 weeks, weight 200 ${\pm}$ 10g were divided into two groups including the sham operation group(8 rats) and ovariectomy group(32 rats). The dose-dependent effect of Acyranthes Radix extract on bone mineral density and biochemical testing was assessed in ovariectomized rat. Body weights were increased in all groups was higher in experimental group than sham operation group. The level of bone mineral density, GPT, and serum P concentration, ALP were increased experimental group, but a little increase in sham operation group at same period. This longitudinal study result made conclusion that Acyranthes Radix extract treatment appeared to improve the osteoporosis delaying the progression to the osteoporotic process in rats.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2000

Osteoporosis is the consequence of an imbalance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, coupled with an increased rate of bone turnover observed with menopause. Estrogen is generally considered to maintain bone mass through suppression of bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rat femoral trabecular change not only in the deficiency of estrogen but also in the administration of estrogen following ovariectomy(OVX). 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral OVX or sham surgery(control). Groups of OVX were divided into 4 groups. The first group was injected daily with vehicle alone for 20 days after 20 weeks following OVX. The additional groups of OVX was injected daily with low, medium, or high doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$(10, 25 or $50{\mu}g/kg$ BW, respectively). All rats were sacrified 23 weeks after OVX, and their femur were processed for H&E, MT stain and histomorphometry. The results were as follows; 1. In the histomorphometric analysis, the trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular seperation were respectively $31.2{\pm}8.3%$, $54.3{\pm}4.8{\mu}m$ and $280.7{\pm}16.4{\mu}m$ in vehicle treated OVX group and $48.6{\pm}7.3%$, $90.4{\pm}4.5{\mu}m$ and $126.3{\pm}5{\mu}m$ in sham operation group, and they showed statistical significance compare to control group. 2. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $44.4{\pm}4.3%$, $109.5{\pm}12.3{\mu}m$ and $94.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$ in low doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they showed statistical significance compare to OVX group. 3. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $44.4{\pm}4.3%$, $109.5{\pm}12.3{\mu}m$ and $94.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$ in medium doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they showed statistical significance compare to OVX group, but they didn't show statistical significance compare to low doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group. 4. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $46.4{\pm}4.5%$, $154.4{\pm}13.2{\mu}m$ and $113.7{\pm}12.8{\mu}m$ in high doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they also showed statistical significance compare to OVX group, but they didn't show statistical significance compare to other experimental groups. From the above results, metaphyseal bone formation was markedly reduced in OVX rate but treatment of OVX rats with $17{\beta}-estradiol$ resulted in normalization of femur trabecular bone volume. But they didn't show statistical significance the effect of bone formation according to the dose dependency.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2008

Theosteoporosis, which is occurred after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically and its main symptoms are the bone fracture and the height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Phlomis umbrosa will have for the prevention of the osteoporosis in the SD-rat that is caused by the ovariectomy. The 24 female white rats, after their ovaries are removed, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group. After then, for 8 weeks, D.W to the normals and the control, and the Phlomis umbrosa(46 mg/100 g) to the Phlomis umbrosa group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. And the weight, albumin, AST, ALT, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. The serum analysis shows that the total cholesterol of the Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group reduced remarkably, compared to that of the control group. AST, ALT, ALP, T4 of Phlomis umbrosa group were decreased, but not in distinct measure. Estradiol of Phlomis umbrosa group increased substantially compared to that of the control group, but albumin, triglyceride, Phosphorous, calcium of the group showed the tendency to increase, but not so remarkably. The histological observation shows that the area and the thickness of (trabecular bone), the number of osteoclast of the Phlomis umbrosa groups increased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: The above experiment shows that Phlomis umbrosa has the prevention effect by supplying estradiol.