• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1993

단식 또는 기초사료를 투여한 성장기 rat 에 우지 또는 들깨유를 매일 일정량 투여하여 2일 간격으로 체중변화와 장기중량, 혈액의 생화학적검사 간조직검사를하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 완전 단식rat군(F)과 단식중 우지 (FT)와 들깨유(FP)를 투여한 rat군은 1일 평균 -6.2~-4.0%인 체중감소를 보이고 기초식이군 (B) 또는 기초식이에 우지 (BT)나 들깨유(BP)를 투여한 rat군은 1일 2.3~4.0%의 체중증가를 보였다. F군은 4일만에 모두 아사하였고, FT와 FP군은 6~10일 사이에 모두 아사하였다. 단식에 의한 영향으로 아사직전 이들 rat는 간중량(3.6~4.0g) serum cholesterol(70~73.2mg/㎗), serum triglyceride (6.5~7..5mg/㎗) blood glucose (76-91mg/㎗)의 현저한 감소와 GPT (117.5-186.5u), blood urea nitrogen (38~65mg/㎗)을 대폭 증가하는 특징을 가졌다. 유지시료 불포화도에 따른 영향에서 FP군은 FT군에 비해 약 2일 정도 생존일수의 감축과 serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen 감소를 보이나 GPT, blood glucose를 약간 증가하였다. BP군은 BT군에 비해 serum cholesterol, triglyceride를 상당히 감소하고 blood urea nitrogen의 근소한 감소와 GPT는 대폭 증가하였다. Blood glucose는 거의 차이가 없었다. 간조직 검사 결과 F군은 아사직전 간실질내 염증 세포 침윤을 보이고 FT, FP군은 유지 시료의 불포화도 차이에 관계없이 아사직전 일부 rat가 염증세포 침윤, 간실질의 염증, 간세포의 손상된 모양이 관찰되었다. 따라서 어떤 목적으로 단식 또는 유지만을 공급하는 무단백질 제한식이를 할 때 극심한 체중감소를 보이고 혈중 cholesterol과 trig1yceride는 크게 낮아지며 간을 포함한 모든 조직의 붕괴의 조짐으로 blood urea nitrogen이 크게 증가되고 그에 따른 간기능저하로 GPT도 크게 상승하고 rat의 경우 4~6일만에 사망하였다. 단식중이거나 혹은 정상식이내 고도 불포화 유지 (들깨유)의 섭취는 포화지방 (우지)에비해 혈중 cholesterol 과 triglyceride를 감소시키는 효과는 있지만 GPT가 유의적으로 증가됨을 볼때 장기간 고도 불포화 유지를 다량 섭취함은 간기능을 저하 시킬 수 있음이 나타났다.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 내분비계 장애물질으로 알려져 있고, 플라스틱 제품의 가소제로 사용되고 있는 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)가 흰쥐의 간세포 미세구조와 간조직내 metallothionein (MT)의 발현 양상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. DEHP는 흰쥐 간세포의 미세구조와 MT 발현에 영향을 주었다. 실험군의 경우 조면소포체가 발달하고, 미토콘드리아가 증가하며 리소솜 혹은 퍼옥시좀들이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 한편, MT 발현의 변화를 면역세포 화학적 방법과 western Blot을 수행한 결과 저농도 투여군에서는 약 1.5배, 고농도 투여군에서는 약 2배 가량 증가하는 결과를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 DEHP는 흰쥐 간세포의 구조와 기능에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 세포내 스트레스가 MT 발현 증가 현상과 연관이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the medicinal effects of the herbal combination extracts-2 (HCE-2), consisting of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on the alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (n =6), non-treated control group (n =6), saline-treated group (n =6) and the herbal combination extract (HCE-2)-treated group (n =6). The rats in the alcohol-loaded groups were orally administered with ethanol at a daily dose of 4 g/kg-body weight for 5 weeks. Thirty minutes before the ethanol injection, saline or herbal combination extracts was administered by using a gastrogavage. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken out from the hearts and livers of the rats, respectively, on 15th and 38th days. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the protective effect of the herbal combination extracts by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining on histological sections of rat liver. In this study, the oral administration of the herbal combination extracts significantly reduced the serum levels of AST and ALT, which had been raised by alcohol-induced liver injury. Histological analysis and apparent observation of liver also showed the preventive effect of the herbal combination extracts in a chronic alcohol-induced rat model. Theses results revealed that the herbal combination extracts effectively prevented hepatic damage consequent to the chronic exposure to repetitive administration of ethanol and could be used as a primary resource of a health beverage or herbal medicine, alleviating the alcohol-induced hepatic injury and hangover symptoms.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1997

Gamijiyu-tang (GJT) described originally in the Dong Eui Bo Gam, a traditional reference for oriental medicine in the Korea, has been clinically used for treatment of chronic liver disease. In order to evaluate scientifcally a hepatoprotective effect of GJT in the liver fibrotic disease, the present study investigated how GJT improves a hepatic function in the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-treated rat. DMN treatment caused a significant increase of relative liver weight to the body at 28 days after DMN induction. Administration of with a clinical dose decreased significantly the sAST level $(158.8{\pm}7.76\;IU/L)$ elevated by DMN in jection (p<0.01). A similar phenomenon was also observed at change of both Salt and Salt level in the GJT and/or DMN-treated animal (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). A remarkable increase of hydroxyproline was observed by treatment of DMN with comparing to the normal rat $(361.9{\pm}7.35\;vs.\;1278.1{\pm}52.9\;{\mu}g/g\;tissue,\;p<0.01)$. This was significantly reduced by a simultaneous treatment of GJT with DMN for 21 days (p<0.05), but not recovered completely to its normal value. In addition. GJT administration ameliorated conspicuously the DMN-induces histopathological changes of liver such as hemorrhage. Cell necrosis and fibrosis. Tak'en together, results described here demonstrated scientifically in first the medicinal efficacy of GJT by using in vivo animal model, indicating that GJT improves the DMN-induced hepatic injury through reducing an excessive accumulation of collagen and histopathological changes. The decreased collagen content may be a pivotal process for GJT to improve hepatic function in the DMN-induced liver fibrosis. The present study suggests that GJT may be useful for and applicable to the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 1996

In order to develop a suitable secondary renal disease model and diagnostic markers of renal disease in the rat, the change of PIIIP (aminoterminal procollagen III peptide) in serum and hydroxyproline levels in the renal tissue that reflect the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) during development of experimental renal diseases were observed. Two types of experimental primary diseases, diabetes mellitus administrated by streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and liver cirrhosis produced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/s) operation, were induced. The hydroxyproline level increased according to the high PIIIP and NCl(carboxyterminal procollagen IV peptide) in Western blot analysis as early as 1 week in the STZ treated-rat kidney. Increased renal ECM was observed at 15 weeks in STZ and BDL/s model under the microscopic examination. High PAS positive reaction was found in capillary basement membrane in STZ treated-rats and mesangium in BDL/s operated rats at this time, showing the histological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy and cirrhotic glomerulonephritis in human, respectively. Such secondary renal failure were supported by additional tests including urinalysis and renal function test. The serum PIIIP detected by ELISA was a useful parameter to estimate synthesis rate of renal ECM during development of renal disease without extrarenal fibrosis i.e. liver cirrhosis in rats. This study is proposed that STZ treatment or BDL/s operation may be a suitable experimental animal model for the induction and development of chronic secondary renal diseases. Morover, it was found that hydroxyproline level in renal tissues was a good parameter of the change of renal ECM at the early stage of the diseases without apparent histological changes. Especially, serum PIIIP could be a choice as a diagnostic or prognostic marker during the development of renal diseases in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2003

Lipids play many structural and metabolic roles, and dietary fat has great impact on metabolism and health. Fatty acid oxidation rate is dependent on tissue types. However there has been no report on the relationship between the rate of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine transport system in outer mitochondrial membrane of many tissues. In this study, the rate of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I activity in the carnitine transport system were measured to understand the metabolic characteristics of fatty acid in various tissues. Palmitic acid oxidation rate and CPT I activity in various tissues were measured. Tissues were obtained from the white and red skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney and brain of rats. The highest lipid oxidation rate was demonstrated in the cardiac muscle, and the lowest oxidation rate was in brain. Red gastrocnemius muscle followed to the cardiac muscle. Lipid oxidation rates of kidney, white gastrocnemius muscle and liver were similar, ranging from 101 to 126 DPM/mg/hr. CPT I activity in the cardiac muscle was the highest, red gastrocnemius muscle followed by liver. Brain tissue showed the lowest CPT I activity as well as lipid oxidation rate, although the values were not significantly different from those of kidney and white gastrocnemius muscle. Therefore, lipid oxidation rate was highly (p＜0.001) related to CPT I activity. Lipid oxidation rate is variable, depending on tissue types, and is highly (p＜0.001) related to CPT I activity. CPT I activity may be a good marker to indicate lipid oxidation capacity in various tissues.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects of Bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 (B. animalis DY-64), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from the human intestine, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal (N) or high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet without or with oral administration of B. animalis DY-64 (N-BA, HFC-BA). The gain in body weight, and liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the HFC-BA group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels of the HFC group, which were significantly elevated compared to those of the N group, dropped by 19, 18, 21, and 13% in the HFC-BA group, respectively, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level markedly increased. However, serum TG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels were not significantly different among the N groups (N, N-BA) with or without B. animalis DY-64 administration. TC and TG levels of the liver as well as the TG level of the adipose tissue were significantly reduced in the HFC-BA group. In addition, HR-LPL activity in adipose tissue was also lower in the HFC-BA group than in the HFC group. These results suggest that B. animalis DY-64 isolated from the human intestine exerts hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels and plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by HFC diet.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

Environmental pesticides used for insect control can be transferred from plants to animals even to livestock animals through food chain. Human beings also can be exposed to pesticides by consuming polluted dairy products, including meats, eggs and other milk products. Therefore, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) established Standard for Pesticide Residue Limits in dairy products. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) methods for detecting residual pesticides are relatively well established for fruits and vegetables, however, the methods for meat have not been appropriately studied yet. In the present work, pyraclofos was used as an organophosphate pesticide to examine its tissue residue in experimental animals by QuEChERS methods. For this, pyraclofos (150 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to male rats once a day for 2 days. After 6, 12, and 24 hr of the treatment, the tissue residues in liver and femoral muscle of the rats were determined using QuEChERS methods followed by HPLC analyses. In preliminary studies, the recovery rates of spiking samples of pyraclofos demonstrated approximately 109~110% from the tissues. In previous study, pyraclofos tissue residues were observed with significantly high levels in livers and muscles at 6 hr of oral treatment. Then, they were almost completely disappeared after 24 hr of the administration, indicating the orally exposed pyraclofos is rapidly absorbed and distributed to body organs, then quickly excreted from the body with a negligible level of tissue residue. The alterations in blood chemistry as well as the histopathology of heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney have also been investigated in the experimental animals for assessing acute toxic effects of pyraclofos. The obtained blood chemistry indexes (ALT and AST) showed maximum peak values at 12 hr after the oral administration and decreased to the normal levels at 24 hr of the treatment. Histopathologic observation exhibited acute hepatic damages at 24 hr of the treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that QuEChERS method can be adequately optimized for the analysis of pyraclofos residues in animal tissues.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1986

화분립(花粉粒)의 chloroform으로 인한 간(肝) 및 위장조직(胃臟組織)에 미치는 영향을 알기 위해 rat에 농도별로 chloroform을 투여하고 또 이들과 화분립(花粉粒)을 함께 투여(投與)한 결과, chloroform 농도가 증가할 수록 조직파괴 및 지방변성이 심했으며, 화분립(花粉粒)을 함께 투여(投與)함으로 조직파괴 정도가 약화됨을 알 수 있었고, 화분립(花粉粒)과 함께 투여(投與)하는 chloroform의 농도가 낮을수록 대조군(對照群)의 조직(組織)에 가까운 형태로 회복됨을 볼 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.443-447
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• 1997

We have developed a novel method for assays of spermidine and spermine synthase (aminopropyltransferase) activities using antibody against 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA). A new assay is reported here which is based on the observation that MTA is formed as a stoichiometric by-product of the spermidine and spermine synthases reactions. In order to determine MTA, a radioimmunoassay method with sensitivity and rapidity was used. (Lee and Cho, 1997). In this assay, adenine must be added in the reaction mixture, since it effectively inhibits the action of MTA phosphorylase by which MTA is metabolized. This assay is a improvement in term of sensitivity and time saving, compared to the currently used methods. It has a level of sensitivity (100 fmol) sufficient to monitor aminopropyltransferase activities in incubations containing as little as $10{\mu}g$ protein prepared from rat tissue homogenate. The results obtained showed that this method is particularly useful for cultured cells with low enzyme concentration. Moreover, this assay has the advantage which allows studies using alternative substrates (other amines). Spermidine synthase activity was high in rat liver, but low in rat kidney. The activity of spermine synthase was in most rat tissues very low as compared to that of spermidine synthase, but was high in brain.