• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1997

This study was done to determine that vitamins I and C are synergistic in protecting liver cells during hepatic ischemia and repefusion. Rats treated with vitamins I and C were subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia and to 1 and 5 hr of reperfusion thereafter. Serum aminotransferase level and microsomal lipid peroxidation were markedly increased by ischemia/reperfusion. These increases were significantly attenuated by vitamins E, C or its combination. Hepatic wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was increased in ischemic group, but this increase was prevented by combination of vitamin I and C. Bile flow and cholate output were markedly decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and vitamin C alone and combination of vitamin I and C restored their secretion. Cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity were decreased by ischemia/ reperfusion and restored by vitamin C and combination of vitamin I and C to the level of sham-operated rat. Aniline p-hydroxylase activity was increased by ischemia/reperfusion and this increase was prevented by vitamin E. Our findings suggest that ischemia/reperfusion diminishes hepatic secretory and microsomal functions by increasing lipid peroxidation and vitamins I and C synergistically ameliorates these changes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2007

본 연구는 약쑥(Artemisia princeps Pamp) 추출물의 항산화 효능을 조사하고자, 약쑥 분획물을 이용하여 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 활성산소종 소거능 및 간 microsome을 이용한 지질과산화 억제효과 등을 관찰하였다. 약쑥의 폴리페놀 함량 및 플라보노이드 함량은 EtOAc층에서 각각 $311.35{\mu}g/mg$ 및 $92.73{\mu}g/mg$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$이 $52.71{\mu}g/mg$으로 분획물 중에서 가장 높은 소거능을 보였다. Superoxideanion의 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$은 $26.47{\mu}g/mg$으로, 합성항산화제인 BHA($IC_{50}:\;49.78{\mu}g/mg)$ 보다 항산화 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Hydrogen peroxide 소거능은 n-BuOH층의 $IC_{50}$이 $166.44{\mu}g/mg$으로, BHA의 소거활성보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높음을 알 수 있었다. Hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능도 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$값이 $58.92{\mu}g/mg$으로, BHA($IC_{50}:\;80.85{\mu}g/mg)$보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. NO 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$이 $65.94{\mu}g/mg$으로, BHA와 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간 microsome에서의 지질과산화 억제효과도 EtOAc층이 분획물 중에서 가장 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 약쑥 분획물의 EtOAc층이 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 따른 활성산소종 소거능 및 간 microsome을 이용한 지질과산화 억제효과도 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.610-614
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• 2004

The in vitro antioxidant properties of some flavone-6(4)-carboxaldehyde oxime ether deriva-tives (Ia-f, lIa-f） were determined by their effects on the rat liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (LP） levels by measuring the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The free radical scavenging properties of the compounds were also examined in vitro by determining their capacity to scavenge superoxide anions and interact with the stable free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The most active compounds, lib (Flavone-4＇-carboxaldehyde-O-ethyl oxime） and Id (Flavone-6-carboxaldehyde-O-［2-(1-pyrolidino） ethyl］ oxime）, caused 98 and 79％ inhibition of superoxide anion production and DPPH stable free radical at $10^{-3}{\;}M$, respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 1993

It is well known that lipidperoxide, formed in vivo, induced the denaturation of enzyme and destruction of cell membrane to acute injury of tissue. Aralia elata have physiological activates, the improvement of lipid metabolism, antidiabetic activity etc., which was thought to have the relationship to lipid peroxidation. The anti-lipidperoxidative effect of Aralia elata have not yet established. In this study, we examined the anti-lipidperoxidative effects of Aralia elata (Butanol fraction) on CCI$_{4}$ induced lipidperoxidation in rats, and elucidated the anti-lipidperoxidative mechanism. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with CCI$_{4}$ (0.5 ml/100g), BuOH fraction of Aralia elata (80 mg/Kg/day) exhibited 85.41% anti-lipidperoxidative effect but in serum 69.63% inhibitory effects, respectively. In mitochondrial and microsomal fraction showed inhibition of 55.85% and 69.30%, respectively. In order to elucidate the mechanism of anti-lipidperoxidation effects of Aralia elata, enzymatic (NADPH dependent) and non-enzymatic (Ascorbic acid catalyzed) reaction, in vitro, were performed. In enzymatic reation, Aralia elata exhibited 59.43% anti-lipidperoxidation effects, but in non-enzymatic reaction exhibited 43.27% inhibition. Therefore, it is noteworthy that antioxidative power of them may mainly results from the inhibition by enzymatic reaction.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1997

The antioxidative activity of seven different acylated anthocyanin pigments isolated from grape, sweet potato, eggplant and red cabbage was evaluated bvy using linoleic acid autoxidation and rat liver microsomal systems. The acylated anthocyanins were isolated and purified by Amberlite SAD-7, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column omatography, and preparative HPLC. Most of acylated anthocyanisns exhibited antioxidative activity as strong as $\alpha$-tocoperol, and especially peonidin3-O--(6-O-trans-caffeyl)-2-O-(6-O-trans-feuloylglucopyranosyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-5-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside from purple sweet potato showed the strongest activity, comparable to BHA (not significant, p<0.05) in the linoleic acid system. Meanwhile, two acylated anthocyanins from the pericarps of grape and eggplant inhibited considerably the MDA formation from rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO$_4$/$H_2O$$_2$. In particular, malvidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosde from grape pericarps showed the strongest antioxidant activity, comparable to $\alpha$-tocopherol (not significant, p<0.05). These results suggest that the acylated anthocyanins from fruits and vegetables can be used as potential dietary ntioxidants and natural colorants.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of a ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork (0-30 kGy) diet on lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P-450 content, microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity and antioxidative defense systems in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The body weight of rats fed irradiated diets did not change significantly. Liver weight was significantly increased by the administration of DEN, but not by irradiated diets at any dose level. There were no significant effects of gamma irradiation on the content of microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), cytochrome P-450, or on the activity of G-6-Pase. However, with DEN treatment, cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased while microsomal G-6-Pase activity was significantly decreased. The ${\gamma}$-irradiated diet supplement did not affect serum retinol or $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. However, it did cause a significant decrease in hepatic retinol at 30 kGy. With DEN treatment, hepatic retinol content was even more significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to the non-irradiated control. The enzyme activities related to antioxidative defense systems, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were not affected by gamma irradiation. Those results suggest that an irradiated pork diet up to 30 kGy may not cause a health hazard in experimental animals.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.827-833
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• 1999

In this study, we have investigated the effect of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate (DDB), a synthetic analogue of Schizandrin C isolated from Schizandrae Fructus on cytochrome $P_450$ lAl and 2Bl, and the protective mechanism against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in rat liver. After DDB was administered into male rats for different periods of time (1~7 days) and with different doses (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), mRNA levels of CYPlAl were measured by polymearse chain reaction (PCR) and assayed the activities of CYPlAl specific ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) and CYP2Bl specific benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD). DDB treatment resulted in increase in CYP2Bl mRNA level and BROD activity, whereas there was no change in CYPlAl mRNA level and EROD activity. This effect of DDB was time-and dose-dependent and reached maximal level by 3 day and 200 mg/kg treatment. In addition, rats were pre-treated with DDB at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg daily for 4 days, 3-hr after final treatment on the 4th day, $CCl_4$ 0.3ml/kg was intraperitonially injected into the rats to examine the effect of DDB on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatic injury. Serum levels of ALT and AST were determined and histopathological examination was done in rat liver. Furthermore, we have measured hepatic microsomal malondialdehyde(MDA) level, a parameter of lipid peroxidation. Based on serum ALT level and lipid peroxidation, pretreatment of DDB, 50 mg/kg appeared the most protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ heapatotoxity. These results indicate that DDB stimulates CYP2Bl mRNA level and BROD activity in time and dose dependent manner and suggest that protective effect of DDB on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity may be mediated through free radical scavenging.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 1999

In vitro effects of acetone on cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) hydroxylation supported by cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) or NADPH/$O_2 $ systems were studied using 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rat liver microsomes. The maximal rate of B(a)P hydroxylation at constant concentration ($80\;{\mu}M)$ of the substrate was observed in the presence of $30\;{\mu}M$ CuOOH. However, at concentrations higher than $30\;{\mu}M$ CuOOH the hydroxylation rates were rapidly decreased. In contrast to CuOOH, at a concentration of $200\;{\mu}M$ NADPH, B(a)P hydroxylation rate reached a plateau. At concentrations higher than $200\;{\mu}M$ NADPH, the rates of substrate hydroxylation were maintained at the maximal rate with no inhibition. Acetone at 1% (v/v) enhanced both CuOOH- and NADPH/$O_2$-supported B(a)P hydroxylation at the optimal concentrations of the cofactors. At concentrations higher than 1% (v/v) acetone, substrate hydroxylation was sterero specific under the support of these two cofactors; it was strongly enhanced with $30\;{\mu}M$ CuOOH, but rather inhibited in the $200\;{\mu}M$> NADPH/$0_2 $ system. The lipid peroxidation rate induced during CuOOH-supported P450-dependent B(a)P hydroxylation was increased as CuOOH concentrations were increased. Acetone in the concentration range of 2.5~7.5%(v/v) inhibited lipid peroxidation during CuOOH supported B(a)P hydroxylation. The finding that CuOOH-supported B(a)P hydroxylation is greatly enhanced by acetone suggests that acetone may contribute more to the activation of oxygen (for the insertion of oxygen into the substrate) in the presence of CuOOH than with NADPH/$O_2$. Acetone may also contribute to the partial inhibition of destruction of microsomal membranes by lipid peroxidation.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.647-658
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• 1993

The susceptibilities of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to active oxygen generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system were studied. Incubation of AldDH with 2$\times$10$^{-3}$ units of XOD for 30 min at $25^{\circ}C$ resulted in the decrease of enzyme activity to 30% and it was inactivated completely when incubated with 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ units of XOD. Whereas 70% of ADH activity was retained after exposure to 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ units of XOD for 30 min, 40% of ADH activity was retained after exposure to 5$\times$10$^{-2}$ unit of XOD for 30 min. This inhibition effect by the active oxygen was preventable by catalase and glutathione, but not by SOD. The rates of the NADPH-dependent oxygen consumption by the liver S-9 mixture and microsomes were also determined in this study. Rate of oxygen consumption is increased in the liver S-9 mix and microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rat, and it was consistent with increased lipid peroxidation. In the presense of ethanol as a substrate, the oxygen consumption rates were increased. It is reported that hepatic AldDH activity is depressed in alcoholic liver diseases, however there is few report that explains the reason of depressed AldDH activity. These results are supportive of the theory that the increase in hepatic ethanol oxidation through the induced ME activity after chronic ethanol feeding generate oxygen radical at elevated rates and it leads to the depression of AldDH activity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.619-626
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• 1994

The purpose of present study was to examine pharmacological effect of Artemisia Iwayomogi methanol extract(AIME) on biochemical parameters(activities of AST, ALT, LDH, and ALP, contents of total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in serum and levels of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide and glucose-6-phosphatase activities) against hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) in rats. Increased AST, ALT and LDH activities by $CCl_4$ were decreased in AIMS treatment group at 48 or 72 hours. Together, increased ALP activity by $CCl_4$ almost returned toward normal value in AIME treatment group at 72 hours. Serum total bilirubin contents increased to 87, 79 and 31% compared with normal group by $CCl_4$ which were decreased to 64, 42 and 26% in AIME treatment group at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Decreased contents of total protein and albumin, and A/G ratio by $CCl_4$ were recovered in AIME treatment group. Hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide levels(nmol malonic dialdehyde/100mg protein) increased to 140, 95 and 78% compared with normal group by $CCl_4$ which were decreased to 107, 74 and 65% in AIME treatment group at 24, 48 and 72 hours, separately. Hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activities decreased to 60, 50 and 53% compared with normal group by $CCl_4$ at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, which were increased at 72 hours in AIME treatment group. In conclusion, AIME enhanced the amelioration process from $CCl_4$-induced lipid peroxidation, degeneration of liver cell, and impairment of protein and bilirubin metabolisms.