• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 1993

Human and animals are living by acclimation to environmental changes like high and cold temperature, nose, confinement, etc. If the above changes reach a defined levels, some physiological abnormal state could appear, which we call them as stress state. Catecholamines are excreted by the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system in free from in urine. Catecholamines are derived from the adrenal medulla and urinary epinephrine can be taken as a rough estemation of the activity of this gland. Many scientist reported the endocrinological change, excretion of catecholamine and its metabolites, stomach ulcer formation, etc. under the condition of the confinement and high temperature. In this study author gave restraint, electric shock and immersion stress to rats by administrating by HPLC and got the following results. 1. In the restriant experiment, epinephrine contents in control rat was 194.7 ng, but in Bohyulanshintang administered rat urine 198.9 ng of epinephrine was found. 2. In the electrical shock experiment, 199.5 ng of epinephrine was found in the control rat urine, but in Bohyulanshintang administered rat urine epinephrine content was 142.4 ng. 3. Dopamine contents in control rat urine the immersion environment was 118.9 ng, but in Bohyulanshintang administered rat urine only 55.2 ng of dopamine was found. 4. Incontrol rat stomach there appeared focal erosion and inflamatory exudate, but in experimental group these symptom were turned to mild condition.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1988

The study of the muscle fiver composition and the muscle fiver type conversion during unilateral edentulous condition was undertaken in the rostral superficial masseter muscle of the whiter rat. 16 4-week-old male white rats weighting approximately 130gm that crowns of left upper and lower molare were cut intentionally, were divided into 4 groups (one control group and 3 experimental groups). After experimental groups were sacrificed by etherization in 6 days($E_1$), 18 days($E_2$) and 36 days($E_3$) separately, samples of the rostral superficial masseter muscle were obtained bilaterally and the proportion of type I, type IIA, type IIB, and type IIC fibers was determined and counted according to their histochemical activity of myosin ATPase (at pH 9.4, pH 4.6, and pH 4.2)and PAD staining. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The rostral superficial masseter muscle of the white rat contained approximately 47.5% type I fiber and 52.5% type II fiber. 2. Type I/ Type II ratio of molar-present side was increased significantly in the group E2 (18 days group) 3. Type IIA fiber was increased at molar-present side and decreased at molar-absent side in experimental groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.821-829
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• 1996

Gastric cancer was inducedd by N-nethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Fisher 344 male rats. Freeze dried typical Koran feeds, aged kimchi, soybean paste and maejoo, and partially scorched barbecued bulgokee were fed to the rat in the diet, which were composing 10% of the total diet. Experimental desing was as follows ; (1) group C : Control, (2) group M : MNNG with control diet, (3) group MK : MNNG with 10% of kimchi, (4) group MS : MNNG with 10% of soybean paste and maejoo, (5) group MB : MNNG with 10% of barbecued bulagokee, (6) group MKSB ; MNNG with 10% of the mixture of kimchi, soybean paste and maejoo, and barbecued bulgokee. Each group was fed with isocaloric diet for 26 weeks. Comparing to control, the growth rate of the experimental group was decreased after administration of MNNG and experimental diet. The mortality rate of group MB was increased by 17% than the control group along with a significant decrease of body weight. The protein efficiency ratio and the food efficiency ratio of group MB were lower than the control. The incidence of gastric cancer in rats fed kimchi and barbecued bulgokee were 73% and 75%, respectively, while that of group M which fed MNNG remained only 56%. On the contrary, soybean paste and maejoo showed an inhibitory effect on the burden of gastric tumor. However, the combination of kimchi, soybean paste and maejoo, and barbecued bulogokee showed a synergistic effect of increasing tumorigenesis in rats. Pathological observations of the rat stomach represent that squamous cell type tumors occupied in most frequencies.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1976

The Sam Mool Injin extract is occasionally used as a kind of remedies for the treatment of hepatic discomfort in herb medicine. The study for the effect on the hepatic parenchymal cells, especially regenerating activity and even its toxicity have. little been done and only a very few pharmacological properties have been reported. So, an experimental study for the morphologic changes in the acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning of wister rat by administration of its extract has been performed. Male Wister rat weighing around 200gm were used in this experiment. Results were as follows; 1) In the $Ccl_4$ 0.3c.c 7day group, there is noted considerable increase of regenerating activity in the experimental group compared with non-extract treated group, in half of them. 2) Remaining all of the experimental group do not show significant difference of regenerating activity compared with control group. 3) In the group treated with Sam Mool Injin extract alone, there was noted some considerable increase of nonspecific leukocytic infiltrations compared with saline control group. This can be considered as a possibility of hepatic tissue reaction on the Sam Mool Injin extract.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.373-390
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• 1997

An Experimental study were done to examine the clinical effects of Mokwhyangbinrang-Whan on gastrointestinal disease and undertakened by being carried out with rat. We work on the digestive system of Mokwhangbinrng whan. The following results have been obtained ; 1. Spontaneous mobilities in the isolated ilem wewe significantly suppressed and relaxative effects in the isolated ileum were recognized. 2. Significant preventure effects wewe recognized on the pylorus - lighted ulcer in rat(p<0.01) 3. Remarkable preventure effects were recognized on the indomethacin induced gastric ulcer(p<0.01) 4. Inhibitory effects on gastric juice was recognized(p<0.01). Inhibitory effects of free & total acidity were recognized(p<0.05). 5. Significantic analegegic effects were recognized by acetic acid in Mice(p<0.01). 6. Duration of Hypnosis induced by penthbarbital-Na was significantly prolonged (p<0.01). 7. Anti-convulsion action of fat induced by picrotoxin & caffeine was recognized (p<0.05). Notable preventure effects were revealed on the strychnine induced convulsion in rat(p<0.01). According to the above experimental results, it can be conclude that effects of references and clinical application of Mokwhyangbinrng-Whan are approximate.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

The role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. The current study therefore sought to determine the changes in the histomorphology of the common carotid artery of the male rat in orchidectomy-induced hypogonadism. Twenty-two Rattus norvegicus male rats aged 2 months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (n=4), experimental (n=9), and control (n=9) groups. Hypogonadism was surgically induced in the experimental group by bilateral orchiectomy under local anesthesia. At experiment weeks 3, 6, and 9, three rats from each group (experimental and control) were euthanized, their common carotid artery harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope for morphometric analysis. Orchidectomy resulted in the development of vascular fibrosis, with a significant increase in collagen fiber density and decrease in smooth muscle and elastic fiber density. Moreover, there was development of intimal hyperplasia, with fragmentation of medial elastic lamellae in the common carotid artery of the castrated rats. Orchidectomy induces adverse changes in structure of the common carotid artery of the male rat. These changes may impair vascular function, therefore constituting a possible structural basis for the higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases observed in hypogonadism.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.343-362
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate chronic radiation effects on the basal cell of the rat tongue epithelium according to different irradiation timing. Forty-two female rats were devided into 5 experimental groups according to different irradiation timing and were irradiated single dose of 396cGy by MK cell irradiator using Cs-137. Experimental rats were sacrificed at the 2nd week, 4th week and 6th week after birth. The specimens were examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The following results were obtained. 1. The first changes after irraditation were vacuoles. The vacuoles were chiefly observed in the cytoplasm, perinuclei area, and nuclei. 2. The most severe degenerative changes in the basal cell layer were observed in all experimental groups. ; cellular disarrangement, vacuole formation, widening of intercellular space, enlarged mitochondria & rER, and chromatin clumping were seen. 3. The cellular degenerative changes were most severe at the 4th week after birth in all experimental group, and the basal cell hyperplasia was seen at the 6th week in the most of experimental groups 4. The experimental groups 3 and 4 show more severe and more prolonged cellular degeneration than experimental groups 1 and 2, which were irradiated in pregnancy, and experimental group 5, which was irradiated after tongue maturation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 1998

The present study was performed to determine the effect of cold stress on myocardium of aging rat. Control groups, which aged 6, 12 and 24 months, were compared with age-matched experimental groups that were exposed to moderate cold stress for a hours daily in a week at laboratory cold room $(4{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$. The histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes of myocardium were observed. The results were summarized as follow: 1. Age-dependent histological change of control groups was observed the formation of contraction band in 24months aged group. The experimental groups submitted to cold stress showed a similar change pattern as seen in control groups. However, the degree of change in the experimental groups was significantly larger than that of control groups. In the 34 months aged group the formation of hypercontraction band was observed. 2. Regarding age-dependent histochemical changes of control groups, we observed the increase activities of PAS and Masson's trichrome. In experimental groups the activities of PAS and Masson's trichrome were also increased with age. Compare with control group, the activities of PAS was increased but the activities of Masson's trichrome was decreased. 3. Age-dependent ultrastructural changes on vacuolization, lysosome were observed. In control groups the structural changes occur at 12 months. The accumulation of lipofuscin, contraction band, hypercontraction band and a component of connective tissue were observed in 24 months. However, the degree of change in the experimental groups was significantly larger than that of control groups. In contract, the myelin body in intercalated discs was observed in 24 months of experimental groups.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2014

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of low-intensity treadmill training in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat models. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: In this study, we randomly divided them into four groups. The normal group included non-cardiotoxicity normal control (n=10), the control group included non-treadmill training after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10), the experimental group I included low-intensity treadmill training (3 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10), and the experimental group II included low-intensity treadmill training (8 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10). Rats in the treadmill training group underwent treadmill training, which began at 2 weeks after first intraperitoneal injection. We determined the body weight change for each rat on days 1 and 21. Biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine kinase [CK], glutathion, aspartate transaminase [AST], and alanine transaminase [ALT]) concentration in the serum change of rats from all four groups was examined at the end of the experiment. Results: The results showed that the experimental group I and II showed a significant increase in body weight as compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). We observed that the biochemical markers (LDH, CK, glutathion, AST, and ALT) were improved in the experimental group I than the experimental group II (p<0.05). There was no difference between the experimental groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data suggest that low-intensity treadmill training applied after doxorubicin treatment protects against cardiotoxicity following treatment, possibly by enhancing antioxidant defenses and inhibiting cardiac muscle cell apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1985

This study was conducted to examine the pharmacological effect of water soluble extract of Lichens (Parmelia, Physcia and Cladonia species) on liver-damaged rat by $CCl_4$ injection. Rat livers were damaged acutely and chronically by one-time injection of $CCl_4$ just prior to five days of experimental period and continuous injections in every three days for eight weeks of experimental period, respectively. During each period the experimental group was fed Lichens extract(5.5 mg of dry wt/ml) instead of water given to the control group. For both acute and chronic liver damage, the experimental group showed higher oxidative activity of hepatic mitochondria measured by state 3 respiration, P/O ratio, respiratory control and ATP synthesized, compard to the control group. Serum glucose was slightly higher in the experimental group but liver glycogen showed no significant difference between experimental and control groups. In experimental group, liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity was increased during first two days after acute liver damage, but not significantly different from control group during chronic damage. Liver lactate, malate plus fumarte and glutamate tended to be higher in the experimental group, especially for chronic liver damaged rat. It is concluded that Lichens extract stimulate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative activities and the possible mechanism of the latter is supposed to involve the preservation of membrane integrity by certain component(s) of water-soluble Lichens extract.