• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1988

The effect of the saponin fraction extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. Microsomal preparation of rat(Winter, 180-200g) liver was incubated in the mixture containing NADPH, $Fe^{3+}$, ATP, $\alpha$-tocopherol with and/or without ginseng saponin fraction for 30 minutes and the malondialdehyde formed was assayed and found that the saponin fraction stimulated the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol cooperatively. It was also realized that the cooperative stimulation of the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol was most eminent when the concentration of the saponin fraction was around $10^{-5}$% in the reaction mixture. Alcoholic suspension of $\alpha$-tocopherol with and f or without ginseng saponin fraction was administered orally to rats in which the lipid preoccupation was induced by ethanol administration and the lipid peroxide contents of the liver were assayed at certain periods of time after $\alpha$-tocopherol administration in this animal. From the previous work and present experimental results, it seemed that the saponin fraction accelerated the absorption of $\alpha$-tocopherol and therefore stimulated the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol more effectively in the animal body.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.495-504
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• 2005

In our study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomized in female Sprague-Daweley rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the postmenopausal Type I pattern was examined by using the experimental substance soybeans and arrowroot. After ovariectomy; the amount of estrogen was found to be reduced by 21.37$\%$ and it showed the tendency to be increased by 4.49$\%$ in T1 (extraction of soybeans group) and 7.62$\%$ in T2 (extraction of ferment soybeans group). The change of bone density, 14 weeks after ovariectomy in the femur, was decreased by 9.33$\%$ in N.C. group, and 5.46$\%$ in T3 (extraction of ferment arrowroot group). As pathological findings, the trabeculae of femur were detected to be abundant as normal and the frequency of the appearance of osteoclasts was very minimal. In the T3, the frequency of the appearance of the trabeculae of femur was increased to the level that could be distinguished. In regard to the accumulation of lipid in the bone marrow, the accumulation of lipid in the bone marrow was low as normal. However, in T3, the decrease to the level that could be distinguished was detected. In addition, in regard to the pathological findings of the uterus, normal uterine tissue findings were detected. In the T3, the minimal atrophy findings were detected. In conclusion, when the T3 was orally administered continuously for 14 weeks, it was thought that a certain proportion of the hormonal balance was maintained that functioned as a substance interfering the accumulation of fat, and it was considered to be of help in the treatment of not only osteoporosis Type I, but also for the prevention and treatment of various endocrinal diseases.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Hyangsayangwi-tang (Xiangshayangwei-tang) intravenous herbal acupuncture (HYT-IVHA) on emesis and gastric hypomotility induced by chemotherapy in rats. Methods : The experimental animals were randomly allocated into six groups (normal, cisplatin, saline, HYT-1, HYT-2, HYT-3), and each group included five rats. The rats in the normal group did not receive any treatment. Those in the cisplatin group had no additional treatment after intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg). Those in the saline group were injected with saline $0.4m{\ell}$ via the tail vein after the injection of cisplatin. Those in the HYT-1 group, HYT-2 group, HYT-3 group were injected with $0.4m{\ell}$ of Hyangsayangwi-tang (Xiangshayangwei-tang) intravenous herbal acupuncture solution (HYT-IVHAS) via tail vein after the injection of cisplatin, and the concentrations were 0.199 g/kg, 0.066 g/kg, 0.022 g/kg respectively. Then we measured body weight, food intake and kaolin consumption before and at 12h, 24h and 36h after the injection of cisplatin. The remaining amount of food within the rat's stomach was also measured at 36h after cisplatin injection. Results : Kaolin consumption was significantly increased in the cisplatin group compared to the normal group, while significantly reduced in HYT-1, HYT-2, HYT-3 groups compared to the cisplatin group. The remaining amount of food in stomach was significantly increased in the cisplatin group and HYT-1 group compared to the normal group, but significantly reduced in the HYT-3 group compared to the cisplatin group. Conclusions : HYT-IVHA has an therapeutic effect on chemotherapy-induced emesis and gastric hypomotility.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Several Herb - Combined Prescription (SHP) on streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes mellitus. Methods : SHP was given to mice with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(50mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum The effect of SHP on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the serum level of insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipid peroxides. Hepatic activities of catalase and reduced glutathione were examined. Results : SHP treatment protected them from the hyperglycemia. STZ induced increase of serum triglyceride lowered by SHP treatment. Conclusions : The SHP treatment showed protective effect on diabetic mouse model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2020

Objective : The genus Glycyrrhiza has been used in food and traditional herbal medicine. Many experimental studies reported that Glycyrrhiza species possess several pharmacological properties. Glycyrrhiza new varieties WONGAM and SINWONGAM have been developed by Korea Rural Development Administration doing research for registration on Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. During the evaluations about pharmacological effect of Glycyrrhiza new varieties WONGAM and SINWONGAM, we focused the anti-allergic effect in this study. Methods : We investigated the anti-allergic effect of WONGAM and SINWONGAM compared with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and G. glabra L. using anti-dinitrophenyl-immunoglobulin E (IgE)/human serum albumin-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells and compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis mice model. We analyzed the effect on the expression of various cytokines, and IgE from mast cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of WONGAM and SINWONGAM in presented models. Results : WONGAM and SINWONGAM showed the inhibitory effect on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells or human mast cells without cytotoxicity. WONGAM and SINWONGAM blocked anaphylactic shock and decreased the IgE production. Furthermore, WONGAM and SINWONGAM inhibited the productions of TNF-α and IL-6 in compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis mice model. Conclusion : These results indicated that WONGAM and SINWONGAM would have protect effect on allergic responses through the inhibition of allergic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study may facilitate the development on Glycyrrhiza new varieties for allergy.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical chemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD). Crude saponin was prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum with Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography after extraction of 80% ethanol at 75℃. The crude saponin was confirmed by thin layer chrmatography. When compared with ginseng saponins, the crude saponin had both a few number of saponins and a broad distribution. Forty male rats (200±20 g) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control (NC) group received vehicle and saline; TCDD-treated (TT) group received TCDD (40 ㎍/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally; Platycodon grandiflorum saponin (PG5 and PG10) groups received crude saponin 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (p.o), respectively, for 2 weeks before 1 week of TCDD-exposure. Increase of body weight was retarded greatly by TCDD-exposure. Body weight of animals in TT group was significantly decrease after 2 days of TCDD-exposure. However, body weights of animals in PG groups increased through the experimental perimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Increases in contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) and activities of amylase, lipase, AST, ALT and LDH by toxic action of TCDD were significantly attenuated by crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that crude saponin prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum might be a member of useful protective agents against TCDD, which is one of the environmental hormones.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, we investigated anti-allergic effect of Okbyeongpungsan-Hap-Changijasan (KOB01) in allergic rhinitis(AR) experimental animals and mast cells. Methods : The potential anti-allergic effect of KOB01 was investigated in a rat model of compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and a mouse of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR, and human mast cell line, HMC-1 culture. Each animals were divided into four groups: normal, control, KOB01-treated(100 and 200 mg/kg) and anti-histamine drug, dosodium cromoglycate (DSCG)-treated(50 mg/kg). Animals were orally treated with KOB01 and DSCG and intraperitoneally injected with compound 48/80($10\;{\mu}g/kg$) or sensitized with 0.1% OVA. The mortality and serum histamine levels were measured in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. The histological changes in nasal mucosa were investigated in OVA-induced AR mice. Also, mast cell degranulation was observed in compound 48/80-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Results : KOB01 increased mortality and significantly decreased serum histamine levels in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. The abnormal histological changes such as expansion of grandular cells and hypertrophy of epithelium in nasal mucosa of OVA-induced AR mice was improved by KOB01 treatment nearby a normal group. Therefore, KOB01 inhibited compound 48/80-induced degranulation in HMC-1 cells. Conclusions : These results indicate that KOB01 decrease allergic response through suppressing the mast cell activation in AR and suggest a potential role for KOB01 as a source of anti-allergic agents for use in allergic disorders including of AR.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.131-147
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• 1996

This study was investigated to define effect of pretreatment of Oryungsan on hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rat. The experimental anmals were divided into normal group, control group, sample group, and sample group were divided sample1, sample2, sample3. Control group were injected diluted carbon tetrachloride and olive oil, $1m{\ell}/kg$ to intraperitoneal after 8th day. Sample group were injected Oryungsan water extracts, $0.33m{\ell}/kg/day$ to intraperitoneal of sample group1, $0.66m{\ell}/kg$ day to sample group2, $1.32m{\ell}/kg/day$ to sample group 3 each other for 7day, and injected the dosage of $CCl_4$ was $1.0m{\ell}/kg$ diluted 1 : 1 with olive oil after 8th day. The following results were made by observation GOT, GPT, Albumin, Globulin, Bile acid, hepatic tissue. 1. The serum GOT and GPT level of sample group were decreased. Sample group 1 were decreased significantly. 2. The serum A/G ratio of sample group was increased as compared with normaI group. 3. The serum bile acid of sample group was decreased significantly. 4. The destruction of hepatic tissue were repaired as compared with control group. These results demonstrated that oryungsan can be attributed to recovery from hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.680-686
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• 2010

Silk sericin protein was hydrolyzed by seven proteolytic enzymes in order to examine the effectiveness of the hydrolysates in binding calcium. The amino acid nitrogen content of hydrolysates from Flavourzyme was higher than that for other enzymes, and its calcium binding capacity showed a dose-dependent increase. We examined the effects of calcium binding peptide from sericin hydolysates on the bioavailability of Ca-deficient rats. Three-week-old male rats were fed an Ca-deficient diet for three weeks. Rats were divided into four groups (DD: non-treated group on calcium deficient diet; DD+MC: milk-calcium treated group; DD+OC: organic calcium made using sericin hydolysates; and DD+IC: inorganic calcium ($CaCl_2$). After oral administration of calcium supplements for one week, the calcium content of the serum and liver were significantly higher in DD+OC ($101.7{\mu}g$/mL and $49.3{\mu}g$/mL) and DD+MC ($83.6{\mu}g$/mL and $42.8{\mu}g$/mL) than DD ($86.3{\mu}g$/mL and $43.4{\mu}g$/mL). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content in the treated groups was significantly lower than DD, but no significant difference among groups was shown. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels did not show any significant difference between groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly reduced compared to the DD group. In conclusion, binding calcium to peptides from sericin hydrolysates seems to improve its bioavailability, and to hasten the cure of calcium deficiency in experimental rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 1994

19-norandrostenedione(19-NORA) is known as an intermediate in the metabolic pathway from androstenedione to estrone. Administration of esterified 19-nortestosterone, anabolic steroid, reduces serum gonadotropin and testosterone concentration, and results in reversible azoospermia in men. 19-NORA have been isolated from testis, but its function in testis is not clear yet. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of 19-NORA on steroidogenesis and on spermatogenesis. 19-NORA was administrated by single intratesticular injection to adult male rats weighing 350-400 g in dose of 1 mg/50${\mu}l$. The serum and testis were collected on 1, 3, 7, 12, 48 hr after injection. The histological differences in testis were observed by routine paraffin method. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in serum and in left testis were determined by the conventional radioimmunoassays. One hour after 19-NORA treatment, serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol increased significantly, compared to those of pre-treated(0 hr) group, and reduced gradually to the control level on 7 hour after injection. The concentration of testosterone in left testis increased slightly 1 hour after injection, and estradiol level increased significantly(p<0.05). Also, testosterone and estradiol level of control group revealed no difference with pre-treated (0 hr) group. Gonad index, structure of seminiferous tubules, and the number of step 7 th spermatid were simillar to control group. The present study suggests that the elevation of testosterone level results from increment of estradiol followed by the rapid metabolism of 19-NORA at 7 hour after injection, and then testosterone concentration may be recovered to control level by feedback mechanism of hypothalamus-hypothysis-testis axis.