• 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

This study investigated the reading ability of Korean second-graders and the relationship between reading and phonological awareness and RAN (Rapid Automatized Naming) ability. A language-based reading assessment battery was used. Children at the end of the Korean second-grade were still at the developmental stage of decoding skill and seemed to be at Chall's stage 1. Findings indicated significant correlations between reading ability and phonological awareness and between reading ability and RAN ability. Therefore, the importance of phonological processing could be extended to syllable-based alphabetic languages.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

This study aims to compare the word decoding skills, phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN) skills, and letter knowledge of first graders with developmental dyslexia (DD) and those who were typically developing (TD). Eighteen children with DD and eighteen TD children, matched by nonverbal intelligence and discourse ability, participated in the study. Word decoding of Korean language-based reading assessment(Pae et al., 2015) was conducted. Phoneme-grapheme correspondent words were analyzed according to whether the word has meaning, whether the syllable has a final consonant, and the position of the grapheme in the syllable. Letter knowledge asked about the names and sounds of 12 consonants and 6 vowels. The children's PA of word, syllable, body-coda, and phoneme blending was tested. Object and letter RAN was measured in seconds. The decoding difficulty of non-words was more noticeable in the DD group than in the TD one. The TD children read the syllable initial and syllable final position with 99% correctness. Children with DD read with 80% and 82% correctness, respectively. In addition, the DD group had more difficulty in decoding words with two patchims when compared with the TD one. The DD group read only 57% of words with two patchims correctly, while the TD one read 91% correctly. There were significant differences in body-coda PA, phoneme level PA, letter RAN, object RAN, and letter-sound knowledge between the two groups. This study confirms the existence of Korean developmental dyslexics, and the urgent need for the inclusion of a Korean-specific phonics approach in the education system.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2024

본 연구는 초등 2-3학년 난독증 아동과 읽기이해부진 아동의 음운인출과 음운기억 능력을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에는 난독증 아동 17명, 읽기이해부진 아동 17명, 일반 아동 24명이 참여하였다. 난독증 아동은 표준화된 읽기검사의 단어해독 검사에서 표준점수 85점 이하인 아동으로 선정하였으며, 읽기이해부진 아동은 단어해독 검사에서는 표준점수 90점 이상이며 읽기이해 검사에서는 표준점수 85점 이하인 아동, 그리고 일반 아동은 단어해독과 읽기이해 검사 모두에서 표준점수 90점 이상인 아동으로 선정하였다. 모든 대상자에게 음운인출 능력을 살펴보기 위해 빠른 이름대기, 음운기억 능력을 살펴보기 위해 비단어 따라말하기 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 난독증 아동은 빠른 이름대기와 비단어 따라말하기에서 다른 두 집단보다 통계적으로 유의하게 수행력이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 읽기이해부진 아동과 일반 아동 간에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 각 집단 별로 상관 분석을 실시한 결과 난독증 아동 집단에서는 빠른 이름대기 능력이 해독 및 읽기이해와 통계적으로 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반 아동 집단에서는 빠른 이름대기 능력이 해독 및 읽기이해와 관련이 있었으며, 비단어 따라말하기는 읽기이해와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 읽기이해부진 집단에서는 변인들간에 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 난독증 아동은 읽기 발달의 토대가 되는 음운인출과 음운기억에서 어려움이 있는 반면, 읽기이해부진 아동은 음운처리 기술에서는 결함이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 난독증 아동의 단어해독 어려움은 음운처리 결함에 기인한 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to develop a computerized test to measure the level of mathematic achievement and related cognitive functions in children and adolescents in South Korea. Methods: The computerized Comprehensive Learning Test-Mathematic (CLT-M) consists of the whole number computation test, enumeration of dot group test, number line estimation test, numeral comparing test (magnitude/distance), rapid automatized naming test, digit span test, and working memory test. To obtain the necessary data and to investigate the reliability and validity of this test, 399 children and adolescents from kindergarten to middle school were recruited. Results: The internal consistency reliability of the CLT-M was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.76). Four factors explained 66.4% of the cumulative variances. In addition, the data for all of the CLT-M subtests were obtained. Conclusion: The computerized CLT-M can be used as a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the level of mathematical achievement and associated cognitive functions in Korean children and adolescents. This test can also be helpful to detect mathematical learning disabilities, including specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics, in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop the computerized Comprehensive Learning Test-Reading (CLT-R) to evaluate the cognitive processes and achievements related to their basic reading ability and identify dyslexia in children and adolescents in South Korea. We also obtained the normative data and evaluated the reliability and validity of the test. Methods: We developed the CLT-R, including the word attack/nonword decoding, paragraph reading, sound blending, nonword repetition, rapid automatized naming, letter-sound matching, visual attention, orthography awareness, and digit span tests, for the purpose of diagnosing dyslexia. We investigated the reliability and validity of the tests and gathered the normative data from 399 subjects (male 48.9%), aged 5-14 years, from the last grade in kindergarten to middle school, dwelling in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Results: No statistical differences were observed between the means of the tests and retests of the CAT. The mean of the correlation coefficient of the test-retest scores was 0.85. According to the construct validity test calculated by principal constant analysis using the oblique rotation method, 4 factors explained 70.0% of the cumulative variances. In addition, the normative data were obtained for all of the CLT-R subtests. Conclusion: The computerized CLT-R can be used as a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the reading achievement and reading related cognitive process in Korean children and adolescents in schools, clinics, and research institutes.