• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Application of exogenous polyamines (PAs) reduced the paraquat (PQ)-induced cotyledon injuries in radish seedling plants with 1 mM spermidine (Spd) being the most effective protectant. PQ injury symptoms in the cotyledons, e.g., large accumulation of $H_2O_2$, and losses of fresh weight, chlorophyll, and proteins, were significantly alleviated. Likewise, analysis of $H_2O_2$-scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed that pretreatment with Spd among PAs remarkably increased total CAT activity and strongly retarded PQ-induced rapid decline in total GPX activity. In a native gel assay, one CAT isozyme (CAT1) and two GPX isozymes (GPX1 and a newly synthesized GPX isozyme) proved to be more responsible for PQ tolerance, as manifested by the strong increases in their activities by Spd pretreatment. Based on these results, we can suggest that PAs (especially 1 mM Spd) may function as antioxidant protectors by invoking CAT and GPX enzymes which control the endogenous $H_2O_2$ level in radish cotyledons exposed to PQ.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.431-434
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• 2000

To examine the allelopathic potentials of Chrysanthemum boreale, aqueous extracts and essential oil of the plant were used in these experiments. Seed germination of the receptor species was inhibited by the aqueous extracts and the inhibitory effect was increased in proportion to the concentration of extracts. In contrast, seedling elongation showed varied results. Achyranthes japonica, Bidens bipinnata, Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis, Plantago asiatica, Pimpinella brachycarpa and Lactuca sativa were inhibited by increasing concentration of the aqueous extract, while Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis and Echinochloa crus-galli were stimulated by the extract. Dry weight was also inhibited proportionally by increasing concentration of the aqueous extract, while some species were stimulated by a lower concentration of the extract. The volatile substances of C. boreale did not affect the seed germination of receptor plants, but seedling elongation and dry weight of some species were inhibited dose-dependently. Root hair development of selected plants was inhibited along with the concentration of essential oil. The above mentioned results, therefore, confirmed that the natural substances from C. boreale had allelopathic potentials to other plants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2133-2139
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• 2014

4-Methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (MTBITC) found in the radish (Raphanus sativus L.), is a wellknown anticancer agent. In this study, the mechanisms of the MTBITC induction of cell apoptosis in human A549 lung cancer cells were investigated. Our PI staining results showed that MTBITC treatment significantly increased the apoptotic sub-G1 fraction in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of apoptosis induced by MTBITC was investigated by testing the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$), the expression of mRNAs of apoptosis-related genes by RT-PCR, and the activities of caspase-3 and -9 by caspase colorimetric assay. MTBITC treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by down-regulating the rate of Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. Therefore, mitochondrial pathway and Bcl-2 gene family could be involved in the mechanisms of A549 cell apoptosis induced by MTBITC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.216-220
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• 2005

Periconicin A and B, two new fusicoccane diterpenes originally isolated from the cultures of endophytic fungus Periconia sp. OBW-15, were tested by several biological assays. Periconicin A was consistently more active than periconicin B. In an antifungal activity assay, periconicin A showed potent inhibitory activity against the agents of human mycoses, including Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 3.12- 6.25 $\mug$ /ml. In a plant growth regulatory activity assay, periconicins inhibited hypocotyl elongation and root growth of Brassica campestris L. and Raphanus sativus L. At concentrations below 1 μg/ml, however, both compounds accelerated root growth by 110- 135%. From these results, it is apparent that a methyl group positioned in a cyclopentane ring may play an important role in plant and fungal growth inhibitory activity.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.318-327
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the physical, textural and sensory properties of Seolgiddeok prepared with different amount of radish leaf powder, and stored for 3 days. The moisture content decreased gradually during storage and the decrease was less in the groups with radish leaf powder than in the control. The color L value decreased significantly as the amount of radish leaf powder increased, while the redness (a) and yellowness (b) both increased. Measurements with a texture analyzer, showed that the hardness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness of Seolgiddeok tended to decrease in proportion to the amount of radish leaf powder in the formula. The gelatinization properties of Seolgiddeok were investigated by amylograph. Breakdown and setback in Seolgiddeok were low following the addition of radish leaf powder. In the sensory evaluation, Seolgiddeok with radish leaf powder was superior in flavor, chewiness, and softness than the control. Seolgiddeok with 3% radish leaf powder had the highest overall acceptability score. Therefore, we concluded that the addition of radish leaf powder to Seolgiddeok improves the sensory characteristics and delays retrogradation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 2018

In this study we investigated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus Domestica (apple), Pyrus Communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), that were obtained from local market. As these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties especially the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The samples were processed by an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assay, processed samples showed better antioxidant activity compared to raw samples, and processed pear sample had the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6) were assessed by RT-PCR. Processed samples exhibited better inhibition of iNOS, compared to the raw forms. Processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells up to 1mg/ mL as shown in the cell viability assay. Taken together, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1998

Radish and Chinese cabbage were cultivated under hydrophonic culture to investigate the effect of chromium on germination, cell elongation, ${\alpha}$-amlyase activity, contents of chlorophyll and protein. With increasing concentration of cromium, germination, cell elongation, ${\alpha}$-amlyase activity were decreased in both radish and Chinese cabbage, the rate was higher in radish than in Chinese cabbage. Contents of chlorophyll a and b were also decreased and chlorophyll a was higher than chlorophyll b. As the concentration of chromium was increased inhibited in the order of protein> ${\alpha}$-amylase activity>chlorophyll a>chlorophyll b.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2023

In October 2021, soft rot disease seriously affected radish crop in Dangjin, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The infected radishes were stunted and turned dark green, with yellowish leaf foliage. A slimy, wet, and decayed pith region was observed in the infected roots. The bacterial strain KNUB-03-21 was isolated from infected roots. The biochemical and morphological characteristics of the isolate were similar to those of Pectobacterium brasiliense. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA region and the concatenated DNA polymerase III subunit tau (dnaX), leucine-tRNA ligase (leuS), and recombinase subunit A (recA) genes confirmed that the isolate is a novel strain of P. brasiliense. Artificial inoculation of radish with P. brasiliense KNUB-03-21 resulted in soft rot symptoms similar to those observed in infected radish in the field; subsequently, P. brasiliense KNUB-03-21 was reisolated and reidentified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. brasiliense as a causal pathogen of radish soft rot in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

This study focused on the usefulness of plant extracts for a city organic farm. Insecticidal activity of 8 plant species, plants crude extracts by ethanol and water, against third instar larvae (susceptible strain) of Plutella xylostella was evaluated in this study. Ethanol(25%) extracts of plant materials had better insecticidal activity than water extracts at the room temperature. Insecticidal activity were investigated by leaf disc spray method. Five plant extracts (Capsicum annuum, Chelidoniun majus, Leonurus sibiricus, Coptis japonica, Mentha piperascens) showed over 50% insecticidal activity to P. xylostella at the concentration of $1500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Extract of C. annuum showed the highest insecticidal activity (83.3%) against P. xylostella. Phytotoxicity was not observed on Raphanus sativus and Brassica campestris with spray application. Seed germination and growth of two plants were not affected. Extract of C. japonica revealed 73.3% control efficacy against P. xylostella of R. sativus and showed 70% control efficacy against those of B. campestris, respectively, in plastic house. Insecticidal activity against various insects was observed in C. japonica extract as 87.4% for R. sativus and 74.3% for B. campestris in the field. These results suggested that extracts of C. annuum, C. japonica showed the highest insecticidal activity, and could be used as city farm insecticides for organic farming.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.1 s.80
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• pp.10-19
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• 1997

Fusarium wilt of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is caused by the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (FOR) which mainly attacks Raphanus spp. The pathogen is a soil-borne and forms chlamydospores in infected plant residues in soil. Infected pathogen colonizes the vascular tissue, leading to necrosis of the vascular tissue. Growth promoting beneficial organisms such as Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374 (strain WCS374), P. putida RE10 (strain RE10) and Pseudomonas sp. EN415 (strain EN415) were used for microorganisms-mediated induction of systemic resistance in radish against Fusarium wilt. In this bioassy, the pathogens and bacteria were treated into soil separately or concurrently, and mixed the bacteria with the different level of combination. Significant suppression of the disease by bacterial treatments was generally observed in pot bioassy. The disease incidence of the control recorded 46.5% in the internal observation and 21.1% in the external observation, respectively. The disease incidence of P. putida RE10 recorded 12.2% in the internal observation and 7.8% in the external observation, respectively. However, the disease incidence of P. fluorescens WCS374 which was proved to be highly suppressive to Fusarium wilt indicated 45.6% in the internal observation and 27.8% in the external observation, respectively. The disease incidence of P. putida RE10 mixed with P. fluorescens WCS374 or Pseudomonas sp. EN415 was in the range of 10.0-22.1%. On the other hand, the disease incidence of P. putida RE10 mixed with Pseudomonas sp. EN415 was in the range of 7.8-20.2%. The colonization by FOR was observed in the range of $2.4-5.1{\times}10^3/g$ on the root surface and $0.7-1.3{\times}10^3/g$ in the soil, but the numbers were not statistically different. As compared with $3.8{\times}10^3/g$ root of the control, the colonization of infested ROR indicated $2.9{\times}10^3/g$ root in separate treatments of P. putida RE10, and less than $3.8{\times}10^3/g$ root of the control. Also, the colonization of FOR recorded $5.1{\times}10^3/g$ root in mixed treatments of 3 bacterial strains such as P. putida RE10, P. fluorescens WCS374 and Pseudomonas sp. EN415. The colonization of FOR in soil was less than that of FOR in root part. Based on soil or root part, the colonization of ROR didn't indicate a significant difference. The colonization of introduced 3 fluorescent pseudomonads was observed in the range of $2.3-4.0{\times}10^7/g$ in the root surface and $0.9-1.8{\times}10^7/g$ in soil, but the bacterial densities were significantly different. When growth promoting organisms were introduced into the soil, the population of Pseudomonas sp. in the root part treated with P. putida RE10 was similar in number to the control and recorded the low numerical value as compared with any other treatments. The population density of Pseudomonas sp. in the treatment of P. putida RE10 indicated significant differences in the root part, but didn't show significant differences in soil. The population densities of infested FOR and introduced bacteria on the root were high in contrast to those of soil. P. putida RE10 and Pseudomonas sp. EN415 used in this experiment appeared to induce the resistance of the host against Fusarium wilt.