• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.127-139
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• 2021

This study selected representative musical song genres and suggested the application of vocal scales to demonstrate the various musical genres that appear in the modern musical style. Various genres of music and singing methods appeared according to the change in musical style throughout the early period (the early 1990s), the Golden Age (1940s to1960s), and the contemporary period (1970s to present) of musical theatre. To this end, this study selected Classic Broadway, Contemporary Broadway, Jazz/Blues, and Pop/Rock as representative musical genres as primary categories. In addition, five musicals and five songs that can represent the musical genres were selected as secondary categories. This study then divided the singing styles into Legit from , Pop from , Rock from , Jazz/Blues from , and Hip Hop/Rap from and suggested vocal scales. The analysis of this study demonstrated how various music was used as a material for musicals responding to the needs of the times in musical history and how important it is to develop various singing styles. While this study selected five representative genres and musicals to limit the scope of analysis, it intends to expand the scope through follow-up research. Based on this, it is anticipated that various further research will be conducted to study the diversity of musical vocal education and vocal techniques.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2012

As a scientific curiosity to understand the structure and the function of crops and experimental efforts to apply it to plant breeding, genetic maps have been constructed in various crops. Especially, in the case of Brassica crop, genetic mapping has been accelerated since genetic information of model plant $Arabidopsis$ was available. As a result, the whole $B.$ $rapa$ genome (A genome) sequencing has recently been done. The genome sequences offer opportunities to develop molecular markers for genetic analysis in $Brassica$ crops. RFLP markers are widely used as the basis for genetic map construction, but detection system is inefficiency. The technical efficiency and analysis speed of the PCR-based markers become more preferable for many form of $Brassica$ genome study. The massive sequence informative markers such as SSR, SNP and InDels are also available to increase the density of markers for high-resolution genetic analysis. The high density maps are invaluable resources for QTLs analysis, marker assisted selection (MAS), map-based cloning and comparative analysis within $Brassica$ as well as related crop species. Additionally, the advents of new technology, next-generation technique, have served as a momentum for molecular breeding. Here we summarize genetic and genomic resources and suggest their applications for the molecular breeding in $Brassica$ crop.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.423-452
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• 2018

The possibility of future industrialization of artificial intelligence was studied through aspects of artificial intelligence art and movie. The field of artificial intelligence is developing by imitating humans through past and present, so it can be inferred that it is important to grasp the future image presented in movie and artificial intelligence art. Human values are represented differently in artificial intelligence films and arts. Artificial intelligence film and art are concerned with the external and internal aspects of human values, respectively. The AI movie looks at similar external aspects in human and AI shape and function, but artificial intelligence art deals with human alienation and lack of communication due to artificial intelligence technology development. Artificial intelligence in movies is a direction to visualize the imagination for artificial intelligence technology, and artificial intelligence art is expressed in the way of making and implementing works using technology. The future of artificial intelligence, which we have shown in imagination in movies today, is being realized technologically. Artificial intelligence art reflects the problems of artificial intelligence technology that can be appeared through current technology, and human problems that may arise from artificial intelligence technology development. Movies and artificial intelligence art reflect the current problems, and through them we can see the future of artificial intelligence. The future of artificial intelligence in movies is an artificial intelligence service that provides human convenience, cyborg artificial intelligence industry, industry that uses exoskeleton robot and exoskeleton suit, and artificial intelligence secretary. If we look at the future of artificial intelligence through the artificial intelligence art in terms of the problems of artificial intelligence technology and the problem of human value, there are artificial intelligence to learn from trial and error or mistakes, self-expression and communication by lifelogging, recovery of miscommunications by a reflective thinking, and an expansion of the area of artificial intelligence artist through human uncertainty. The future industrialization potential of artificial intelligence as study through aspects of artificial intelligence art and movie is an industry that extends the five senses, an industry that improves the insufficient physical ability of the human, an industry that enhances the physical ability of the human being, and an industry that maintains psychological and mental well-being.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2003

Alcohol is well known agent which can damage the human tissues such as liver via stimulating lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, carotenoids in addition to vitamins A, C and I play important roles in protecting these oxidative damages as well as preventing the production of free radicals. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in ethanol-treated rats. In the experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 160~180 g were given a liquid diet containing 36% of total calories as ethanol for 7 weeks. The pair-fed control rats received an isocaloric amount of diet containing sucrose instead of ethanol on the following day Additionally, the liquid diet contained adequate amount of $\beta$-carotene, retinyl acetate or 13-sis-reinoic acid except vitamin A-deficient diet. The results obtained are as follows. The levels of plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide were increased after chronic ethanol feeding in rats. Retinyl acetate supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol feeding Glucose 6-phosphatase activity was significantly reduced in rats fed vitamin A-deficient diet with ethanol and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly induced in rats fed 13-cis-reinoic acid diet with ethanol. Catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities did not show a consistent tendency in experiment groups. The hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities did not significantly changed by chronic ethanol feeding groups. The striking decrease in conversion of $\beta$-carotene to retinol was observed in rats fed a $\beta$-carotene diet with ethanol feeding The level of retinol and retinoic acid in plasma and liver was decreased after chronic ethanol administration Based on this result, these data suggest that ethanol feeding enhances oxidative stress especially in those fed a vitamin A-deficient diet, and vitamin A supplementation, especially, retinyl acetate intake can prevent enhanced lipid peroxidation and related damage to some extent.