• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.265-278
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• 2005

This study examines web query types and topics submitted to Naver during one year period by analyzing query logs and click logs. Query logs capture queries users submitted to the system, and click logs consist of documents users clicked and viewed. This study presents a methodology to classify query types and topics. A method for click log analysis is also suggested. When classified by query types, there are more site search queries than content search queries. Queries about computer/internet. entertainment, shopping. game, education rank hightest. The implications for system designers and web content providers are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the conservation priorities of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul both from an ecological and public perspective. To this end, two methodologies, ecological network analysis based on graph and circuit theory and accessibility analysis, were employed in order to assess ecological connectivity of and public accessibility to unexecuted parks, respectively. This study applied linkage-mapping methods (shortest path and current flow betweenness centrality) of connectivity analysis to an integrated map of landscape permeability. The population-weighted accessibility to unexecuted parks was measured based on a negative exponential distance decay function. As a result, for both ecological connectivity and accessibility, Gwanaksan, Suraksan, and Bulamsan urban natural parks are found to be the most important (rank 1-3) to be conserved. For these sites, inner park areas with conservation priorities for connectivity and accessibility were identified. The findings of the study can be used for giving conservation priority to the unexecuted urban parks in terms of long-term sustainable urban planning.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2013

In the early stages of a construction project, the most important thing is to predict construction costs in a rational way. For this reason, many studies have been performed on the estimation of construction costs for apartment housing and office buildings at early stage using artificial intelligence, statistics, and the like. In this study, cost data held by a provincial Office of Education on elementary schools constructed from 2004 to 2007 were used to compare the multiple regression model with an artificial neural network model. A total of 96 historical data were classified into 76 historical data for constructing models and 20 historical data for comparing the constructed regression model with the artificial neural network model. The results of an analysis of predicted construction costs were that the error rate of the artificial neural network model is lower than that of the multiple regression model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.487-496
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• 2020

This study introduces how GISs (Geographic Information Systems) are used to assess spatial disparities in urban green spaces in the Chicago. Green spaces provide us with a variety of benefits, namely environmental, economic, and physical benefits. This study seeks to explore socioeconomic relationships between green spaces and their surrounding communities and to evaluate spatial disparities from a variety of perspectives, such as health-related, socioeconomic, and physical environment factors. To achieve this goal, this study used spatial statistics, such as optimized hotspot analysis, network analysis, and space-time cluster analysis, which enable conclusions to be drawn from the geographic data. In particular, 12 variables within the three factors are used to assess spatial disparities in the benefits of the use of green spaces. Finally, the variables are standardized to rank the community areas and identify where the most vulnerable community areas or parks are. To evaluate the benefits given to the community areas, this study used the z- and composite scores, which are compared in the three different combinations. After identifying the most vulnerable community area, crime data is used to spatially understand when and where crimes occur near the parks selected. This work contributes to the work of urban planners who need to spatially evaluate community areas in considering the benefits of the uses of green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.913-927
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• 2010

This study investigates the influence of Likert scale formats such as the number of response categories and the inclusion of a mid-point from a methodological point of view using instruments that measure a fashionmarketing-related subject. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 201 respondents rated their economic clothing shopping orientation on three formats of scales that differed only in the number of response categories (ranging from 5 to 7) from February 8 to February 12, 2010. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank order correlation, t-test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used in the analysis. The results are as follows. First, three scale formats were generally suitable for use due to validity and reliability. Second, the response results varied with the number of categories and the inclusion of a mid-point, although the differences were statistically insignificant (with only a few cases that differed). Third, construct validity was more secure in scales with fewer categories, whereas convergent and discriminant validity was generally good in all scale formats. Fourth, reliability coefficients were higher in scales with more categories. Fifth, the number of categories was of greater importance to instrument design than the inclusion of a mid-point. Implications for appropriate scale designs are suggested in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.134-142
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• 1998

THe purpose of this study is to suggest the major determinants of visual preference in the outdoor spaces of urban office buildings. For this, the spatial image was analyzed by the factor analysis algorithm. The level of visual preferences was measured by a slide simulation test, and these data were analyzed by the multiple regressioni. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; Factors covering the spatial image were found to be 'mystery','changeability','coherence' and 'legibility'. T.V. was obtained as 58.4%. Outdoor spaces of urban office buildings were classified into four groups by the multi dimensional scaling method. As for the analysis of imageability in each spatial type, the factor scores of measuring high values were different for all types. Type II, IV obtained higher rank of visual preference and type III, I obtained lower. For all types, the factors of visual preference were found to be 'mystery','changeability','coherence' and 'legibility'. The visual preference determinants of urban setting focused on outdoor spaces of urban office buildings may be the major factors which must be considered in planning and designing as the functional basis for the quantitative analysis.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Multi-attribute risk assessments provide a useful framework for systematic quantitative risk assessment that the security manager can use to prioritize security requirements and threats. In the first step, the security managers identify the four significant outcome attributes(lost revenue, lost productivity, lost customer, and recovery cost). Next. the security manager estimates the frequency and severity(three points estimates for outcome attribute values) for each threat and rank the outcome attributes according to AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). Finally, we generate the threat index by using muiti-attribute function and make sensitivity analysis with simulation package(Crystal Ball). In this paper, we show how multi-attribute risk analysis techniques from the field of security risk management can be used by security managers to prioritize their organization's threats and their security requirements, eventually they can derive threat index. This threat index can help security managers to decide whether their security investment is consistent with the expected risks. In addition, sensitivity analysis allows the security manager to explore the estimates to understand how they affect the selection.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.244-255
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• 2011

In this study, we try to evaluate the efficiency of the photonics industry using a data envelopment analysis(DEA) model. We first develope four stage procedures for selecting proper input and output variables which consist of selecting the first candidate variables from literature survey, selecting the second candidate variables through experts' discussion, measuring the partial efficiency of the selected variables based on Tofallis' profiling, and clustering some variables through the rank correlation analysis of partial efficiency proposed by Min and Kim(l998). With this procedure, we select 4 input variables(capital, number of employee, R&D cost, operating cost) and 2 output variables(sales, growth of sales) and then utilize CCR and BCC model to measure efficiencies of 26 photonics companies in Gwangju. Moreover, we perform the reference group analysis to figure out what causes inefficiencies and to provide the desirable values for input and output variables at which inefficient photonics companies become efficient. Finally, we classify 26 photonics companies into three groups such as optical communications, optical applications, and optical sources, and perform the Kruskal-Wallis test to check if there exist some differences between efficiencies of three groups.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.451-461
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to examine the financial statements and analyze the financial soundness of contract foodservice management companies(CFMC) using the financial ratio. The statistical data analysis was completed using Microsoft Excel(ver.2007) for the trend line equation and using SPSS Win(ver.18.0) for wilcoxon-rank sum test. Increased asset, debt, capital and sales occurred in most of the CFMCs, but the financial trend of firm D decreased for operating profit and net profit. The financial ratio for investigating a firm's financial soundness was based on liquidity, stability, profitability, activity, and growth through financial statements. Most of the CFMCs had maintained outstanding financial soundness from 1999 to 2011. The financial statements during the decade were verified and fluctuated. The directly affected CFMCs by a school foodservice' sanitation accident had maintained better financial statements than those of other CFMCs. Therefore, there was opportunity for directly affecting CFMCs involved in school foodservice' sanitation accident to diversify the business portfolio of the firms.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the internal fit of two different temporary restorations fabricated by dental CAD/CAM system and to evaluate clinical effectiveness. Methods: Composite resin tooth of the maxillary first molar was prepared as occlusal reduction(2.0mm), axial reduction(1mm offset), vertical angle(6 degree) and chamfer margin for a temporary crown and duplicated epoxy die was fabricated. The epoxy dies were used to fabricate provisional restorations by CAD/CAM milling technique or 3D-printing technique. The inner data from all crowns were superimposed on the master die file in the 'best-fit alignment' method using 3D analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon's rank sum test for differences between groups. Results: It showed that the internal RMS(Root Mean Square) values of the additive group were significantly larger than those of other group. No significant differences in internal discrepancies were observed in the temporary crowns among the 2 groups with different manufacturing method. Conclusion: All the groups had the internal fit within the clinical acceptable range (< $50{\mu}m$). The continuous research in the future to be applied clinically for the adaptation of additive manufacturing technique are needed.