• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.122-133
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of body positioning on $PaO_2$, $SpO_2$, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiration(above all defined physiologic index), of patients with unilateral lung disease. The subjects for this study were eleven patients admitted to I.C.U. of K.H.M.C. with a diagnosis of unilateral lung disease confirmed by chest X-ray and the attending doctor, from January 30th. to April 20th. 1999. A quasi-experimental repeated-measures cross-over design was used to compare three body positions(semi-Fowler's, lateral decubitus with good lung dependent, and lateral decubitus with diseased lung dependent). Each subject spent 30 minutes in semi-Fowler's position and 2 hours in good lung dependent position and diseased lung dependent position. Starting in the semi-Fowler's position, then in the lateral position with the good lung dependent or the diseased lung dependent as assigned in random order. Thirty minutes after each positioning, arterial blood sample was analyzed. Measurements of all physiologic index were recorded at the specified intervals(0, 30, 60 90, and 120 minutes) in good lung dependent and diseased lung dependent position. Statistical comparison of $PaO_2$ value was done using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to analyse the within-subject effect of two dependent position for 2 hours on the five dependent variables: (1) $PaO_2$ (2) $SpO_2$ (3) systolic blood pressure (4) diastolic blood pressure (5) pulse. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The $PaO_2$ value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the $PaO_2$ value in the diseased lung dependent position(Z=-2.8451, p=.002). 2. The $PaO_2$ value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the $PaO_2$ value in the semi-Fowler's position (Z=-2.6673, p=.003). 3. The difference between the $PaO_2$ value in the semi-Fowler's position and the $PaO_2$ value in the diseased lung dependent position was not significant(Z=-1.2448, p=.10). 4. There were no statistically significance in the trends of physiologic index in the good lung dependent position and the diseased lung dependent position. From the results, it may be concluded that the good lung dependent position is the most effective position for patients with unilateral lung disease that improve oxygenation. Identification of positioning over time may be need further studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10263-10266
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• 2015

Background: The risk of febrile neutropaenia (FN) and treatment related death (TRD) with first line palliative chemotherapy for de novo metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unknown outside of a clinical trial setting despite its widespread usage. This study aimed to determine rates in a large cohort of patients treated in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: Patients who were treated with first line palliative chemotherapy for de novo MBC from 2002-2011 in UMMC were identified from the UMMC Breast Cancer Registry. Information collected included patient demographics, histopathological features, treatment received, including the different chemotherapy regimens, and presence of FN and TRD. FN was defined as an oral temperature > $38.5^{\circ}C$ or two consecutive readings of > $38.0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and an absolute neutrophil count < $0.5{\times}10^9/L$, or expected to fall below $0.5{\times}10^9/L$ (de Naurois et al, 2010). TRD was defined as death occurring during or within 30 days of the last chemotherapy treatment, as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 18.0 software. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival compared using log-rank test. Results: Between $1^{st}$ January 2002 and $31^{st}$ December 2011, 424 patients with MBC were treated in UMMC. A total of 186 out of 221 patients with de novo MBC who received first line palliative chemotherapy were analyzed. The mean age of patients in this study was 49.5 years (range 24 to 74 years). Biologically, ER status was negative in 54.4% of patients and Her-2 status was positive in 31.1%. A 5-flourouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) chemotherapy regimen was chosen for 86.6% of the cases. Most patients had multiple metastatic sites (58.6%). The main result of this study showed a FN rate of 5.9% and TRD rate of 3.2%. The median survival (MS) for the entire cohort was 19 months. For those with multiple metastatic sites, liver only, lung only, bone only and brain only metastatic sites, the MS was 18, 24, 19, 24 and 8 months respectively (p-value= 0.319). Conclusions: In conclusion, we surmise that FEC is a safe regimen with acceptable FN and TRD rates for de novo MBC.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2017

Background: Current evidence suggests that intravenous magnesium sulfate might be effective for reducing migraine pain. In a recent pilot study, we showed that intravenous caffeine citrate could reduce the severity of migraine headache. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of intravenous caffeine citrate vs. magnesium sulfate for management of acute migraine headache. Methods: We conducted a prospective quasi-experimental study from January until May 2016 in two educational medical centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Shoahadaye Tajrish Hospital and Imam Hossein Hospital), Tehran, Iran. The study included patients who were referred to the emergency department and met the migraine diagnosis criteria of the International Headache Society. Patients were allocated into 2 groups receiving either 60 mg intravenous caffeine or 2 g intravenous magnesium sulfate. The pain scores, based on the visual analog scale, were recorded on admission, as well as one and two hours after receiving the drug. A Chi-Square test and student t-test were used for analysis of baseline characteristics. A Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon singed rank test were used to analyze differences in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score between and within the groups respectively. Results: In total, 70 patients (35 patients in each group) with the mean age of $33.1{\pm}11.3years$ were included (64.3% female). For the Caffeine citrate group, the median pain score decreased from 9.0 (2.0) to 5.0 (4.0) after one hour and to 3.0 (4.0) after two hours. For the magnesium sulfate group, the pain score decreased from 8.0 (2.0) to 2.0 (2.0) after one hour and to 0.0 (1.0) after two hours. Both intravenous caffeine citrate and intravenous magnesium sulfate reduced pain scores significantly but the magnesium sulfate group showed more improvement than the Caffeine citrate group after one hour (P < 0.001) and after two hours (P < 0.001). Conclusions: It is likely that both intravenous caffeine and intravenous magnesium sulfate can reduce the severity of migraine headache. Moreover, intravenous magnesium sulfate at a dose of 2 g might be superior to intravenous caffeine citrate 60 mg for the short term management of migraine headache in emergency departments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.271-280
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appearance satisfaction and self-efficacy of college students. The relation between appearance satisfaction and self-efficacy was also examined. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The convenience sample consisted of 395 undergraduate college students from three universities in D city. The data were collected from May to July, 2011 using the Body Cathexis Scale and the Self Efficacy Scale. Data analysis was performed with SPSS WIN 21.0 Program. The scores on both scales showed a significant difference between male and female students, and the male students had higher scores. Male and female students had similar rank order of body part by satisfaction scores. There were significant correlations between appearance satisfaction scores and self-efficacy scores but there were no significant differences between the correlation coefficients in male and female students. This result indicates that the effect of appearance satisfaction on self-efficacy was similar in both male and female students. The findings of this study suggest that an intervention program to enhance appearance satisfaction is effective in increasing self-efficacy of college students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.230-240
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to observe the exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) rate and to identify factors which influence EBF by postpartum period. The data were obtained from the 2015 National Fertility Survey, Family Health and Welfare in Korea, and secondary data analysis were employed for 1,839 mothers who gave birth to baby between January 2013 and February 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The EBF rate at the 1st and 6th month of postpartum were 54.0%, 9.4% respectively. The significant influencing factors on the EBF at the 1st month of postpartum were age of mother, baby's birth rank, type of delivery, breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. The significant influencing factors on the EBF at the 6th month of postpartum were age of mother, living area, EBF in the first month. We found that the influencing factors on EBF differed by postpartum period. In order to improving the rate of EBF, it is recommended that taioed interventions is needed considering the factors affecting the EBF by postpartum period.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.98-125
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• 2015

This study will show the determinants of research productivity by fields in science and engineering. However, we present the differences between fields by personal attributes, research resources, and research productivities. The data includes 1,383 researchers who participated in the BK21 PLUS program during 2010-2012. The fields are physics, chemistry, biology, mechanics, electricity and electronics and chemical engineering. As for research productivity, 3 indices are used such as the number of papers publicized, patents and combination of papers and patents. As for explanation factors, two kinds of variables are used. The personal factors include sex, age, academic rank, location of affiliation, and country of PhD acquisition, and the resource factors are the number of graduate students, 3 types of research funds such as government fund, industrial fund and overseas fund. This study is unique in several aspects; Dealing with 3 productivity indices, and using massive official data, 6 different fields, and determinants of research productivity. The results are as follows; 1) there is a big difference in determinants by fields. 2) No variables affect the research productivity of all the fields at the same time. 3) In science, the number of determinants are quite low than engineering. 4) The ratio between papers and patents are different by fields. 5) The correlations between paper and patent by fields are different; no relationship in the field of physics and chemistry and positive relationship in the other 4 fields.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of Chuna treatment on neck pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods : The 10 patients were divided into 2 groups, with Group A treated with Acupuncture and Chuna, while group B was treated with Acupuncture only. We measured the Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Pain Disability Index(PDI) and Pressure Pain Thresholds before and after treatment in each group. The statistical analysis was performed by using a Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results : 1. Group A showed significant improvements in VAS, PDI and Pressure Pain Thresholds(p<0.05). 2. Group B was significantly improved in VAS(p<0.05). However, there was no statistical significance in PDI and Pressure Pain Thresholds(p>0.05). 3. There was no statistical significance between Group A and Group B before and after treatment. Conclusions : These results imply that Chuna treatment with Acupuncture would beeffective and useful on the neck pain caused by traffic accidents.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.253-276
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• 2002

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. Expecially, mother and infant relationship is affected by mother and infant interactions during one year after birth and an omen of mother-infant interaction after birth is mother-fetus interaction. This study was conducted to develop mother-fetus interaction promotion program of talking and tactual stimulation aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas and to evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention program on mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Non-eguivalent control group posttest design was used, and Blumer's symbolic interaction theory and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used a conceptual framework of this study. Fifty primiparas and infant(26 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 24 dyads for control group) were recruited from three general hospital and an OBGY clinic located in Kwang Nung city. Data was collected from January 30th to December 20th in 2001. For the intervention group, programed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 1st trimester. Telephone counselling was provided with interval of two weeks. For two groups, home visiting for data collection of mother- fetus interaction was conducted at 36 to 38 weeks of gestational age. And mother-infant play interactions were assessed at 4 to 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Play situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effect of intervention progrom was determined with t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference was found in mother-fetus interaction between two groups(t=2.085, P=0.0425). It indicated that intervention progrom was effective in improving mother-fetus interaction. 2. The significant difference was found in mother-infant play interaction between two groups(W=347.5, P=0.0001). In subscale analysis, three subscales showed significant differences between the groups: interactional behavior of mother(t=5.921, P=0.0001), interactional behavior of infant(t=5.736, P= 0.0000), and synchronic interactional behavior of mother and infant(t=7.940, P= 0.0000). In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas promoted mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus's movement should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial for formation of mother - infant relationship, and for promotion the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.37
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• pp.139-167
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate the current status of media education in Korea by analyzing the media education cases which are being implemented in education field. Analyses were conducted on educational media, education contents, education methods, education fields, education levels, age of educated people, education cycle, school curriculum patterns and education-performing organizations. The educational media were in the rank order of vision media, new media such as internet, newspaper and movies. The education contents were mainly composed of knowledge and information about media followed by media production and media literacy. The media education was conducted in the cooperative relationships among school, society and family. For the education methods, message analysis, media monitor education, media production and media in education were dominantly used. Elementary school students were found to be the main target of media education, while there was no media education for pre-school children. Current media educations in school were being performed using club activity, creative activity, talent-raising education after school and regular class.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.527-538
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• 2020

This research measures the urgency and importance listening to experts' opinions as a proposal for vitalization of folk modern dance groups. Firstly, the open type FGI(Focus Group Interview) was implemented for five groups of an expert by applying the new industry foster theory, and total 24 types of second questionnaire were developed through importantly referred or repeated contents. They were distributed to 20 people including a dance group representative, a planner, a university professor and etc to measure experts' importance and urgency. In the research result, For big list, Financial aid for both importance and urgency appear first, and for comparative analysis of importance and urgency for small list, differences in infrastructure construction are shown. "expansion of dance program's advertisement channels" and "rank 1" appeared in "Secure space for dancers". Suggestions for analyzing such results are as follows. It is shown that "detailed financial aid for the operation of dance groups" and etc in the aspect of financial aid, "the employment of professional human resources including design and producing etc" in that of performance and education related production development, "training a dancer who can assimilate a complex genre" in that of manpower training, "arrangement of exclusive space for a dance group" in that of infrastructure building, and "the employment of professional human resources including design and producing etc" in that of consulting support are important and urgent matters considered by experts.