• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

치과 분야에서 초음파를 이용한 수술기 및 스케일러의 사용은 꾸준하게 증가하고 있다. 이때 개발된 기기의 성능 및 안정성은 시술 받는 환자에게 결정적인 요소로 작용하기 때문에 상업화 전에 반드시 시험 평가되어야 한다. 그래서 골 절단 및 치아 스케일링 평가를 수행할 수 있는 핸드피스 이송 시스템을 자체 개발하여 사용하였다. 본 연구의 목표는 초음파 스케일러 팁을 이용하여 치아 손상 정도를 평가하기 위함이다. 추가적으로 초음파 기기의 열 발생 및 소음에 대한 측정을 수행해보았다. 결과적으로 Ultrasonic NX 기기의 높은 출력은 실험을 통한 치아에 심각한 손상을 입힐 수 있지만 열 화상 카메라를 이용한 열 발생 및 소음 측정을 통해 안정적인 범위에 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.604-613
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• 2002

Generation characteristics of electrospray droplets for highly viscous liquid have been investigated by measuring size distributions of droplets emitted from the Taylor cone using glycerol solutions with various conductivities. Because of very small volatility of glycerol, droplet sizes can be measured by an aerodynamic size spectrometer (TSI Aerosizer DSP) with negligible evaporation of droplets. For highly conducting and viscous liquid, the sizes of the droplets electrosprayed from the Taylor cone are found to be relatively insensitive to applied voltages and the electrosprays assisted by the corona discharge call produce monodisperse droplets as long as the corona intensity is not too high. Near the minimum flow rate where a liquid cone is stable, the spray tends to consist of a one -peak monodisperse distribution of drop lets. However, at high flow rates, the spray bifurcates into bimodal distributions, which are consistent with the result of the previous study for less viscous liquids than our liquids. For liquid flow rates (Q) below 1 nl/s, the measured droplet diameters by the aerosizer are in the range of 0.30 to 1.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the glycerol solutions. The diameters of monodisperse droplets scale approximately with $r^*=Q_$\tau$(Q$\tau$){^1/3}$ where $r^*$ is a characteristic length and $\tau$is the electrical relaxation time of the fluid. However, when compared with several represe ntative scaling laws, the droplet diameters are two to six factors greater than those predicted by the scaling laws. This may be closely related to the combined effect of the much higher viscosity and the electrical charge on the jet breakup of glycerol so solution.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The use of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is an environmentally friendly method of construction that utilizes the aggregate interlock effect by means of a hydration reaction and roller compacting, demonstrating a superb structural performance with a relatively small unit water content and unit cement content. However, even if an excellent structural performance was secured through a previous study, the verification research on the environmental load and long-term durability was conducted under unsatisfactory conditions. In order to secure longterm durability, the construction of an appropriate internal air-void structure is required. In this study, a method of improving the long-term durability of RCCP will be suggested by analyzing the internal air-void structure and relevant durability of roller-compacted concrete. METHODS : The method of improving the long-term durability involves measurements of the air content, air voids, and air-spacing factor in RCCP that experiences a change in terms of the kind of air-entraining agent and chemical admixture proportions. This test should be conducted on the basis of test criteria such as ASTM C 457, 672, and KS F 2456. RESULTS : Freezing, thawing, and scaling resistance tests of roller compacted concrete without a chemical admixture showed that it was weak. However, as a result of conducting air entraining (AE) with an AE agent, a large amount of air was distributed with a range of 2~3%, and an air void spacing factor ranging from 200 to $300{\mu}m$ (close to $250{\mu}m$) coming from PCA was secured. Accordingly, the freezing and thawing resistance was improved, with a relative dynamic elastic modulus of more than 80%, and the scaling resistance was improved under the appropriate AE agent content rate. CONCLUSIONS : The long-term durability of RCCP has a direct relationship with the air-void spacing factor, and it can be secured only by ensuring the air void spacing factor through air entraining with the inclusion of an AE agent.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 3차원 메쉬 모델에 적용되는 강인한 워터마킹 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리듬에서 워터마크는 3차원 모델로부터 추출된 2차원 영상에 삽입된다. 이 2차원 영상의 화소 값은 정해진 기준점들로부터 3차원 모델의 표면까지의 거리이며, 이를 거리 영상이라 한다. 워터마크는 거리 영상에 삽입되며, 워터마크된 거리 영상을 이용하여 3차원 모델의 꼭지점 좌표를 변경하면 워터마크가 삽입된 3차원 모델을 얻는다. 워터마크의 추출은 워터마크가 삽입된 모델로부터 거리영상을 얻고, 이 영상에서 워터마크를 추출한다. 워터마크 추출에는 원본 모델이 필요하며 원본과의 정합이 필요하다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 알고리듬이 회전, 병진, 비례조절, 가우스 잡음, 메쉬 간략화, 꼭지점 양자화에 강인함을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 탐색영역 제한방식과 스케일링 방식을 이용하여 프랙탈 영상 부호화시에 걸리는 시간을 줄이는 새로운 프랙탈 영상 부호화 알로리즘을 제안한다. 먼저, 원영상을 스케일링 방식을 이용해 1/2과 1/4의 크기를 가지는 영상으로 축소한다. 이어서, 1/2 크기를 가지는 레인지 블록들 중에 1/4의 크기를 가지는 도메인 블록과 가장 유사한 블록을 탐색영역 제한방식을 이용해 검색하게 된다. 이와같이 검색된 블록이 부호화에 사용된다. 또한, 비트 플래인 영상을 이용하여 압출율을 향상시키기 위한 알고리즘도 제안한다. 실험 결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 Jacquin의 방법에 비해 복원돈 영상의 화질은 약간 떨어졌으나, 압축율이 향상되고 부호화 시간을 대폭 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.315-326
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• 2001

Direct ECC bypass phenomena that occur in a reactor vessel downcomer with a Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) system during the reflood phase of a Large Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LBLOCA) are experimentally investigated using a transparent l/7.5 scaled down test facility of the Upper Plenum Test Facility (UPTF). A series of separate effect tests are peformed in order to investigate the mechanisms of direct ECC bypass and to find out its scaling parameters. Various flow regimes and phasic distribution in downcomer are identified and mapped, and the fraction of direct ECC bypass is measured under a wide range of air and water injection conditions. From the counterpart test of the UPTF Test 21-D, the dimensionless gas velocity ( $j^{*}$$_{g,eff}$) is derived experimentally, which is believed to be a major scaling parameter for the fraction of direct ECC bypass. And it is found out that the direct ECC bypass is greatly affected by the spreading width of ECC water film and the geometric configuration of the downcomer.r.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 1999

The wall pressure fluctuations of a turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate have been investigated in an anechoic wind tunnel facility. The anechoic wind tunnel consists of acoustically-lined duct, muffler, and splitter-type silencer for noise suppression and vanes for reducing head losses involved. To improve spectra characteristics in high frequency range, a 1/8" pressure-type microphone sensor, which has a pin-holed cap of various diameters, was employed in this experiment. It was shown that the pin-holed microphone sensor with a dimensionless diameter $d^+$ of 7.1 resolved the high frequency pressure fluctuations most effectively among ones with various pin-hole diameters. The measured wall pressure spectra in terms of three types of scaling parameters were in good agreement with other experimental and numerical results. The pressure events of high amplitude were found to contribute to total fluctuating pressure energies in the turbulent boundary layer significantly and supposed to radiate to the far-field effectively.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2016

Many signals in the nature have power-law behaviors, namely they are "scale-free". The method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), as one of the popular methods (e.g., Rescaled range analysis and Spectral analysis) for determining scale-free nature of time series, has a very important advantage that the DFA can be applied to both stationary and non-stationary signals. The analysis of time series using the DFA has been broadly used in physiology, finance, hydrology, meteorology, geology, and so on. We performed the DFA of 16 Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) parameters for 38 HMI Active Region Patches (HARPs) obtained by Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) from May 2010 to June 2014. The main results from this study are as follows. (1) The most of the time series data are non-stationary. (2) The DFA scaling exponents of "mean vertical current density" for 38 HARPs have a negative correlation coefficient (-0.41) with flare index. (3) The DFA scaling exponents of parameters such as "Sum of the absolute value of net currents per polarity", "Absolute value of the net current helicity", and "Mean photospheric excess magnetic energy density" for the most active HARPs having more than 10 major flares, have positive correlation coefficients (0.64, 0.59, and 0.53, respectively) with the ratio of "the number of CMEs associated with major flares" to "the number of major flares". Physical interpretations on our results will be discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1055-1086
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• 2015

The dynamic response of two-dimensional unbounded domain on the rigid bedrock in the time domain is numerically obtained. It is realized by the modified scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) in which the original scaling center is replaced by a scaling line. The formulation bases on expanding dynamic stiffness by using the continued fraction approach. The solution converges rapidly over the whole time range along with the order of the continued fraction increases. In addition, the method is suitable for large scale systems. The numerical method is employed which is a combination of the time domain SBFEM for far field and the finite element method used for near field. By using the continued fraction solution and introducing auxiliary variables, the equation of motion of unbounded domain is built. Applying the spectral shifting technique, the virtual modes of motion equation are eliminated. Standard procedure in structural dynamic is directly applicable for time domain problem. Since the coefficient matrixes of equation are banded and symmetric, the equation can be solved efficiently by using the direct time domain integration method. Numerical examples demonstrate the increased robustness, accuracy and superiority of the proposed method. The suitability of proposed method for time domain simulations of complex systems is also demonstrated.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.389-393
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• 2008

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation using the orthogonal subcarriers reduces the delay spread by increasing robustness to multipath fading and can use overlapped bandwidth due to orthogonality on frequency domain. Thus data rate and spectral efficiency are increased. Because of these reason, OFDM is used for high speed data transmission for multimedia transmission as HSDPA, WiBro, WLAN. However OFDM also has drawbacks that have the high PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio). This high PAPR takes place because of parallel processing a number of data at once using a FFT processor. By high PAPR, amplifier doesn't act in dynamic range, so that BER performance is worse. In this paper, we reduce the PAPR using SLM(Selective Mapping). SLM doesn't effect on BER performance, but should transmit the side information for demodulation [2]. Also PAPR is higher as the number of FFT processor is larger. Thus SLM has high complexity. In this paper, we analyze the performance of SLM using scaling for no side information.