• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1996

Total carotenoid contents, color values and spectrum characterization in the range of UV of fruit juice and organic acid and free sugar contents determined by HPLC were investigated on 10 varieties of Cheju citrus fruits. Carotenoid contents of juice were 0.47-9.20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml which showed higher with Dangyooja while showed lowest content with Meiwa Kumquat. Lightness (L) of juice was highest in Meiwa Kumquat, and in the order of Sankyool, Navel orange and Hungjin. Redness(a) and yellowness(b) were in the order of Dangyooja, Natsudaidai, Sambokam and Kinkoji. The maximum absorption wavelengths if citrus Juices were variable at 269.5-285.5nm according to varieties and it was observed that were changed by mixing with Juices of other varieties. Major organic acids of citrus juice were citric and malic acid, and citric acid was 64.4-95.1% of total organic acids. Ascorbic acid was high in Navel orange, Sudachi and Dangyooja, and low in Meiwa Kumquat and Hungjin. Major free sugars were sucrose, glucose and fructose. Sucrose was 49.2-75.2% of total free sugars, and high in Sankyool and Meiwa Kumquat. Glucose and fructose were high in Meiwa Kumquat and Navel Orange.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.74-76
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• 2021

Postburn scar contracture of sole can cause musculoskeletal deformity, restricted range of motion, and decreased quality of life. It is very important to exhibit similar characteristics of the sole when reconstructing the sole because it has to resist shearing force and weight bearing. In this case, we performed medialis pedis free flap for the postburn scar contracture of the sole and the flap survived without complication. The patient satisfied with functional and aesthetic outcomes. Medialis pedis free flap, which is harvested adjacent to the sole, can show similar characteristic of the sole and maintain adequate contour. Moreover, this flap can be harvested without sacrifice of major vessel or nerve. Due to these advantages, medialis pedis free flap can be an ideal option for the reconstruction of the sole.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.303-306
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• 2003

Indonesia is a tropical country having a temperature range of 25-35$^{\circ}C$ which can affect the skin and causes damages like aging. This aging process is due, at least, to free radical reactions. For this reason, many attempts had been done to find out creams containing natural antioxidant compound which have a potential of free radical scavenger. Kluwek, a fermented form of foot ball fruit or picung (Pangium edule.Reinw), had been proved to contain antioxidant compound in its methanol fraction oil to which antiaging cream was formulated. Stability evaluation was conducted for cream with Kluwek oil compared to base cream, including organoleptic (colour and odour), pH, viscosity, particle size, centrifugation test and flow characteristics either in room temperature (27$^{\circ}C$) or stress condition (4$^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$) for 8 weeks continuously, and six times cycling test at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$ every 24 hours. The results showed that cream with Kluwek oil and base cream were stable at temperature 27 and 4$^{\circ}C$, cycling test and centrifugation test, but not stable at 5$0^{\circ}C$. Free radical evaluation was done by Electron Spin Resonance and the result showed that cream with Kluwek oil had less free radicals compared to base cream.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 2023

Axillary defects need pliable, vascular tissue to cover the critical structures traversing the axilla and to allow near-normal range of motion in the shoulder. Although local flaps are the first choice, free tissue transfer is a good option when local tissues are injured or scarred. Herein, we report two cases of axillary defects that were reconstructed using anterolateral thigh free flaps. One was a post-electric burn axillary defect for which a thoracoacromial pedicle was used as the recipient, and the other was a posttraumatic axillary defect with the transverse cervical vessels as the recipient. In both patients, the flap survived well with no complications and resulted in adequate functional recovery. In large defects of the axilla with a scarcity of local tissues, free flaps can yield optimal results. The proper selection of recipient vessels and a donor flap with adequate pedicle length impact the outcomes of such reconstruction.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.1 s.73
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• pp.97-113
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• 2007

This study attempts to suggest a new approach of the the determination of location and range of fishing ground in the coastal vessel fishery using the anaiysis of variance(ANOVA) and least significant difference test(LSD test) in statistics. The important result of the empirical study is that there is no significant difference in fisfishing ground based on between fishermen's argument and spot investigation. But there is stastitically significant difference in fisfishing ground based on between fishermen's argument and the official documents of fishing records for past three years. The results suggest us that there exists a possibility of misuse of tax free oil providied for subsidizing fisheries. But because of the range limitation of data, it is impossible for us to generalize the above results.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.242-247
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• 2009

In this paper, we investigate interference between short-range radiocommunication devices (SRDs) with frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) methods when they are in the same frequency bands. In order to analyze interference from unwanted emission of SRD with DSSS to that of FHSS, Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation method is employed and interference probabilities are calculated. We simulate interference scenarios in accordance with several duty cycles and bandwidths. It is also assumed that the propagation model is free space The effect of distance between interfering transmitter and victim receiver is analyzed and bit error rate (BER) is simulated. From the interference analysis results, it is shown that duty cycle affects compatibility more than bandwidth does. Also, we can make sure of the separation distance which satisfies BER criterion when there are only one interfering transmitter and multiple interfering transmitters.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.211-224
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• 2008

Characteristics of the esterification reaction between free fatty acid in rice bran oil and methanol was investigated in the presence of catalysts, such as PTS(p-toluene sulfonic acid), Amberlyst 15 dry and SCX(silica gel based strong cation exchange resin). While reaction temperature was kept constant at $65^{\circ}C$, initial feed content of free fatty acid was varied from 100% to 1% by addition of pure free fatty acid which was previously made from rice bran oil. Also, the effect of mole ratio of methanol to fatty acid on the final conversion was examined. When esterification of pure free fatty acid was catalyzed by several acids, final conversions were increased in order of Amberlyst 15 dry, SCX and PTS. Using PTS catalyst, initially the reaction proceeded in homogeneous 2nd oder reaction mechanism. However, phase of reaction mixture changed from homogeneous to heterogeneous along the reaction time and then reaction rate was retarded by mass transfer resistance of methanol. Final conversion of free fatty acid in reaction mixture was depended on initial feed content of free fatty acid, and had maximum value at 30% of initial feed free fatty acid content for all kinds of catalysts used. And the final conversion was increased with mole ratio of methanol by the improvement of reaction rate. When initial feed free fatty acid content below 10% and the reaction was catalyzed by PTS, concentration of free fatty acid in reaction mixture was increased in the middle of reaction time by hydrolysis of triglyceride in reaction mixture. Also, if silica gel was added into the reaction mixture which had initial feed free fatty acid content below 50%, final conversion was increased by the adsorption of moisture produced. The SCX catalyst made the esterification reaction of free fatty acid to progress like in case of PTS catalyst. However, when initial feed free fatty acid content below 10%, concentration of free fatty acid in. reaction mixture was decreased monotonically and not increased in the middle of reaction time on the contrary to the case of PTS. Thus, SCX catalyst accomplished more high value of final conversion than PTS catalyst for the initial feed fatty acid content range from 50% to 5% In case of initial feed free fatty acid content of 1% and mole ratio of methanol was 2, concentration of free fatty acid in reaction mixture increased over the initial feed free fatty acid content for all kind of catalysts used. Although SCX catalyst was added into reaction mixture which had 1% of initial feed fatty acid content, final conversion was hardly raised by mole ratio of methanol.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.308-314
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• 2000

This study explores the free, out-of-plane vibrations of horizontally circular curved beams. The differential equations governing the free vibration of such beams, including the effects of warping and rotatory inertia, are derived and solved numerically. The Runge-Kutta method and the Determinant Search method combined with Regula-Falsi method are used to integrate the differential equations and to obtain the natural frequencies, respectively. The lowest three natural frequencies are calculated over a wide range of non-dimensional system parameters: the horizontal rise to span length ratio, the slenderness ratio, the stiffness parameter, and the warping parameter. It is expected that the results obtained herein can be used practically for the design of curved member systems.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2014

The characteristics of laminar free jet flow with having applied AC electric fields have been investigated experimentally. A single electrode configuration was adopted such that electric fields were applied directly to nozzle and thus the surrounding could be an infinite ground. The experimental results showed that the jet flow with AC was modified significantly. At a certain axial distance, the laminar fuel stem was broken down and subsequently it was separated into three parts when AC electric fields were applied over a certain voltage in a range of frequencies less than 120 Hz. The breakdown point was measured by varying applied AC voltage and frequency. The effect of applying electric fields to jet flow was discussed in detail.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1225-1232
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• 2000

In this paper, a new coupled resonator which expands free spectral ranges (FSR) of the W. G. mode resonators is presented. The proposed coupled resonator consists of two dielectric disks. The resonance frequency of the coupled resonator is equivalent to the frequency, which satisfies the individual resonance conditions of each disk at the same time. As the results, the FSR is expanded. The coupled resonator proposed in this paper at K-Band is fabricated by using dielectric disks and the dielectric straight waveguides. The validity of proposed coupled resonator was verified through experiments.