• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot strengthening exercise program and functional insoles on joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Thirteen elderly women who were enrolled in a university senior citizens academy of a metropolitan city in 2017 were divided into two groups: exercise group with functional insole (n=7) and exercise group without functional insole (n=6). Method: Three-dimensional motion analysis and Pedar-X were performed to compute the joint angle and the foot plantar pressure, respectively. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to compare dependent variables within and between groups. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, knee, and hip joints in the exercise group with functional insole increased significantly more than the exercise group without functional insole. In both the experimental group and the comparison group, the maximum foot plantar pressure and the mean foot plantar pressure were decreased, but the comparison group without functional insole showed more decrease. Since the experimental group demonstrated greater pressure than the comparison group in the contact area (forefoot, midfoot), it was distributed over a greater area. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that participation in foot strengthening exercises and using a functional insole has more positive effects than foot strengthening exercises alone on the joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Increased foot plantar pressure led to an increased contact area (forefoot, midfoot) for distribution of the foot plantar pressure, but the effect of reducing the maximum and average plantar pressures was incomplete. However, wearing functional insoles along with exercise, could help in improving the stability of the joints, by increasing the range of motion, and could help the elderly in movement of the muscles more effectively, leading to an improvement in gait function.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.1 s.232
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• pp.67-73
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• 2005

The paper presents a single-heater microfluid injector, whose ejected droplet volume is adjusted by digital current path control for a single microheater. The previous droplet volume adjustable methods have used the digital current control for multiple heaters or the analog current control for a single heater, while the present method uses the digital current control for a single microheater. Two different microinjectors, having a rectangular heater and a circular hearter, are designed and fabricated in the chip area of $7.64\;mm{\times}5.26\;mm$. The fabricated microinjectors have been tested and characterized for the number, size, shape and lifetime of the generated bubbles as well as for the volume and velocity of the ejected droplets. The input power for the rectangular heater and the circular heater has been varied in the ranges of $8.7{\sim}24.9{\mu}W\;and\;8.1{\sim}43.8{\mu}W$, respectively. The projected area of the generated bubble has been changed in the ranges of $440{\sim}l,3600{\mu}m^2\;and\;800{\sim}3,300{\mu}m^2$ for the rectangular heater and the circular heater, respectively. The microinjector with the rectangular heater ejects three discrete levels of the droplet in the volume range of $9.4{\sim}20.7pl$ with the velocity range of $0.8{\sim}1.7m/s$, while the microinjector with the circular heater achieves five discrete levels of the droplet in the volume range of $7.4{\sim}27.4pl$ with the velocity range of $0.5{\sim}2.8m/s$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 1973

Temperature environments of the formation of fluorite deposits in the Wolaksan area and the Cheonil Mine, Chungcheongbuk-Do are presented and interpreted in brief. These deposits occur more or less near the contact zone between the Paleozoic limestone formations and the Cretaceous biotite granites as a number of hydrothermal veins or replacement deposits. The homogenization temperatures of fluorite crystals from the Wolaksan area fall within the narrow range of $149{\sim}167^{\circ}C$, of which lower limit is quite high, while those of the Cheonil Mine show wide range of $126{\sim}177^{\circ}C$, which indicates much lower mean temperature of formation. If the possible correction for pressure, which may not exceed $+30^{\circ}C$ as the depth of the deposits was 1.5km, were applied, the possible highest value of the true formation temperatures of fluorites in both area might be reached to around $200^{\circ}C$ that means these deposits were formed as a series of early products of the epithermal stage of hydrothermal processes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of acidity in the precipitation and weather patterns that were influenced it at Kimhae area from March, 1992 to June, 1994. The range of pH value in the precipitation at Kimhae is 3.45 to 6.80 and the average is pH 4.62, and the major anion components associated with acidity in the precipitation are $Cl^-, SO_4^{-2}, NO_3^-$. These distributions are to be expected the influence of industrialization such as, urbanization and construction of industrial complex at Kimhae area and the long range trasporting of air pollutants from China. The weather patterns governing the acid rain at Kimhae were classified broadly into four types(Cyclone(type I-a, type I-b), Migratory Anticyclone(type II), Tropical Cyclone(type III), Siberia High(type IV) and weather pattern which had the most occurrence frequency of acid rain was type I-a and the average pH value of precipitation in this pattern was 4.45, and we are found that the source area of air mass which was accompanied with high acidic precipitation in Kimhae was the central China include with Peking through the analysis of surface weather maps, 850 hPa wind fields, and the streamline analyses.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

Marine magnetic survey were carried out at Sokotra Basin offshore Korea between latitudes $31^{\circ}$ 42'32' N and $32^{\circ}$ 46'29' N, and longitudes $123^{\circ}$ 56'26" E and $125^{\circ}$ 49'16" E in order to estimate the depth of basement complex and as well as to configure it surface and produce the thickness of sedimentary sequence at the study area. Two methods have been used for depth estimation and basement configuration: the power spectrum and the 3-D analytical signal. The estimated depths resulted from the power spectrum method range from 1.4 km to 6.0 km for deep sources (basement troughs), and from 0.3 km to 1.75 km for shallow source (basement peaks). An isopach map was prepared for estimating the thickness of the sedimentary sequence at the study area; it ranges from 1.2 to 4.66 km. The estimated depths resulted from the analytic signal method range from 1.0 to 6 km. A basement configuration map was constructed for the study area in the basin. They show a well agreement with the geology of the study area.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.861-866
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• 2015

This study was aimed to detect area of Submaine Groundwater Discharged(: SGD) around Jeju island using by remote sensing. Sea Surface Temperature(SST) was identified using IR camera on Unmaned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) at Gimnyeong port in study area. Then SGD location was detected by comparing range of SGD temperature. Generally, range of SGD temperature is distributed 15 to 17 like underground water. The result, SGD location was detected by SST distribution of Gimnyeong port recorded by IR camera in the southwest of study area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.995-999
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• 2007

This study assessed the characteristics of emission and cell toxicology of Methylethylketone(MEK) in ambient air of industrial area. MEK is produced by the oxidation of sec-butyl alcohol and used as the solvent for making ink, printing, coating of film, bonding material and drug extraction. The MEK concentrations in the ambient-air of industrial area in Gimhae City was detected in the range of $25.4{\sim}1,580{\mu}g/m^3$ with an average $297.4{\mu}g/m^3$. The concentration of MEK showed a descending tendency from April to August followed by its increased tendency since then. The effects of MEK on the human lung cancer A549 cells was examined by the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) and cytotoxicity. The range of MEK concentration detected in the area induced ROS generation affecting the oxidation state with a little effects on the viability of the cells.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2020

Oil spill accidents at sea result in a wide range of damages, including the destruction of ocean environments and ecosystems, as well as human illnesses by the generation of harmful gases caused by phase changes in crude oil. When an oil spill occurs, an immediate initial action should be performed to minimize the potential damage. Existing studies have attempted to identify crude oil spillage by calculating the crude oil spill range using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images. However, SAR cannot capture rapidly evolving events because of its low acquisition frequency. Herein, an algorithm for estimating an oil spill area from an image obtained using a digital camera is proposed. Noise that may occur in the image when it is captured is first eliminated by preprocessing, and then the image is analyzed. After analyzing the characteristics of the digital image, a strategy to binarize an image using the color, saturation, or lightness contained in it is adopted. It is found that the oil spill area can be readily estimated from a digital image, allowing for a faster analysis than any conventional method. The usefulness of the oil spill area measurement was confirmed by applying the developed algorithm to various oil spill images.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.605-613
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• 2006

Discharge characteristics of non-point source pollutant and load amount of the discharge in the urban area were investigated in the Pungyeongjeong-stream basin and the Yongbong-stream basin in this present study. The land use of the studied basins were divided into paddy field, industrial complex area, combined sewage system, separate sewer system and point sources discharge. The descriptive statistics on the event mean concentrations (EMCs) of non-point pollutants by the the land use showed in the range of 4.43-32.28 mg/L for BOD and 8.27~56.17 mg/L for COD. The highest concentration was shown from the combined sewage system. The EMC of SS at the paddy field in the Pungyeongjeong-stream basin showed the highest range with the values ~ from 35.76 to 358.86 mg/L, which might have been influenced by a levee construction in the adjacent of the area. The relatively high concentration values of 4.43~32.28 mg/L and 1.617.13 mg/L emerged from TN and TP,respectively, at the discharge points of the both stream basins.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2011

We have estimated power generation potential in Korea following the recently announced EGS protocol. According to the protocol, we calculated the theoretical potential first, which assumes 30 year operation, minimum temperature being surface temperature+$80^{\circ}C$, depth range being from 3 km to 10 km. In this new assessment the in-land area was digitized by 1' by 1' blocks, which is much finer than suggestion of the protocol (5'by 5'). Thus estimated theoretical potential reaches 6,975 GWe which is 92 times of the total power generation capacity in 2010. In the estimation of technical potential, we limited the depth range down to 6.5 km, assumed recovery factor as 0.14 and also counted for temperature drawdown factor of $10^{\circ}C$ following the protocol. Accessible in-land area excluding steep mountains, residence and industrial region, wet area and others covers 40.7% of total area. Finally, we could come up with 19.6 GWe for technical potential, which would be 56 GWe if we do not account for the temperature drawdown factor. These are important results in that we made the first potential assessment for geothermal power generation.