• Wind and Structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.567-598
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• 2014

In this paper, wind induced aerodynamic loads on a standard tall building have been evaluated through large-eddy simulation (LES) technique. The flow parameters of an open terrain were recorded from the downstream of an empty boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) and used to prescribe the transient inlet boundary of the LES simulations. Three different numerically generated inflow boundary conditions have been investigated to assess their suitability for LES. A high frequency pressure integration (HFPI) approach has been employed to obtain the wind load. A total of 280 pressure monitoring points have been systematically distributed on the surfaces of the LES model building. Similar BLWT experiments were also done to validate the numerical results. In addition, the effects of adjacent buildings were studied. Among the three wind field generation methods (synthetic, Simirnov's, and Lund's recycling method), LES with perturbation from the synthetic random flow approach showed better agreement with the BLWT data. In general, LES predicted peak wind loads comparable with the BLWT data, with a maximum difference of 15% and an average difference of 5%, for an isolated building case and however higher estimation errors were observed for cases where adjacent buildings were placed in the vicinity of the study building.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.467-486
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• 2017

A method for decoupling reliability based design optimization problem into a set of deterministic optimization and performing a reliability analysis is described. The inner reliability analysis and the outer optimization are performed separately in a sequential manner. Since the outer optimizer must perform a large number of iterations to find the optimized shape and size of structure, the computational cost is very high. Therefore, during the course of this research, new multilevel reliability optimization methods are developed that divide the design domain into two sub-spaces to be employed in an iterative procedure: one of the shape design variables, and the other of the size design variables. In each iteration, the probability constraints are converted into equivalent deterministic constraints using reliability analysis and then implemented in the deterministic optimization problem. The framework is first tested on a short column with cross-sectional properties as design variables, the applied loads and the yield stress as random variables. In addition, two cases of curvilinearly stiffened panels subjected to uniform shear and compression in-plane loads, and two cases of curvilinearly stiffened panels subjected to shear and compression loads that vary in linear and quadratic manner are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.104-110
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• 2019

A nanosatellite designed by the Korea Microgravity Science Laboratory (KMSL) is currently under development. The KMSL nanosatellite is designed to perform two different scientific missions in space. To successfully complete missions, a variety of tests must be conducted to verify the performance of the designed satellite before launch. As part of the qualification test campaign, the KMSL nanosatellite underwent high level vibrational tests (to comply with Falcon 9 qualification level) to demonstrate the integrity of the system. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the primary structure and all electronic and mechanical components can withstand the vibrations and the loads experienced during the launch period. To this end, the KMSL nanosatellite was exposed to static and dynamic loads and various types of vibrations that are inevitably produced during the space vehicle launch period. The vibration test results clearly demonstrated that all avionics and mechanical components can withstand the vibrations and the loads applied to the KMSL nanosatellite's body through a Pico-satellite Orbital Deployer (POD).

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1989

Since 1960's, structural engineers have recognized that the inherent random nature of loadings and materials as well as the imperfect structural analysis may be important factors in the structural safety evaluation. Based on the successful developments of the reliability-based structural analysis and design, the design criteria of the standards are recently developed(or modified) in the light of the probabilistic concepts. To develop the probability - based criteria for the domestic buildings, the probabilistic characteristic of loadings acting on structures should be defined first. In this study, therefore, live load data on apartment buildings have been collected and analyzed in systematic manner, and their probabilistic characteristics have been studied. Based on the results, the lifetime extreme values are computed and compared with current design loads. More rational design loads are suggested, which are more consistent in the probabilistic concepts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.785-792
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• 2012

Foam structure is usually hard to model due to the complexity of the geometry of cells. So, many simplified models to represent complicated foam structures have been proposed, but most of them are not actually describe the random feature of the cell structure well. So, in this study, two dimensional isotropic and anisotropic closed cell structures of the foam were modeled using the concept of Voronoi cells. The elasto-plastic deformation behavior under compressive loads was investigated by finitie element analysis, and the results were compared with ideal honeycomb structure. In addition, the effect of anisotropy of Voronoi cell structures of the foam on Young's modulus and yield stress under compressive loads was studied.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.391-422
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• 2014

The high frequency force balance (HFFB) technique provides convenient measurements of integrated forces on rigid building models in terms of base bending moments and torque and/or base shear forces. These base moments or forces are then used to approximately estimate the generalized forces of building fundamental modes with mode shape corrections. This paper presents an analysis framework for coupled dynamic response of tall buildings with HFFB technique. The empirical mode shape corrections for generalized forces with coupled mode shapes are validated using measurements of synchronous pressures on a square building surface from a wind tunnel. An alternative approach for estimating the mean and background response components directly using HFFB measurements without mode shape corrections is introduced with a discussion on higher mode contributions. The uncertainty in the mode shape corrections and its influence on predicted responses of buildings with both uncoupled and coupled modal shapes are examined. Furthermore, this paper presents a comparison of aerodynamic base moment spectra with available data sets for various tall building configurations. Finally, e-technology aspects in conjunction with HFFB technique such as web-based on-line analysis framework for buildings with uncoupled mode shapes used in NALD (NatHaz Aerodynamic Loads Database) is discussed, which facilitates the use of HFFB data for preliminary design stages of tall buildings subject to wind loads.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.65-79
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• 2023

This paper presents a development of empirical evaluations, which can be used to evaluate the damage of fiber-reinforced concrete composites (FRC) wall subjected to close-in blast loads. For this development, a combined application of numerical simulation and machine learning approaches are employed. First, finite element modeling of FRC wall under blast loading is developed and verified using experimental data. Numerical analyses are then carried out to investigate the dynamic behavior of the FRC wall under blast loading. In addition, a data set of 384 samples on the damage of FRC wall due to blast loads is then produced in order to develop machine learning models. Second, three robust machine learning models of Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) are employed to propose empirical evaluations for predicting the damage of FRC wall. The proposed empirical evaluations are very useful for practical evaluation and design of FRC wall subjected to blast loads.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.459-464
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• 1998

Effect of the several initial textures such as random texture, rolling texture and cube texture, on the plane strain stretching was studied by interpretation of the finite element method. The calculation of yield locus indicated that the sheet oriented in the cube texture exhibits easy yielding on uniaxial stress state whereas the sheet having either a random or the rolling texture exhibits easy yielding on shear deformation. Upon stretching tests, the thickness strain at the center region contacting the punch was identical regardless of the initial textures while the dependence of the thickness strain on the initial texture was found in the other regions. In general punch loads required or the sheet with an initial cube texture was as expected from calculated yield locus, lower than those for the others.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.293-305
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• 1996

Effects on the tractor vibrations of tread, wheelbase and axle load distribution were analyzed by using mathematical models of tractor and random road surface. A 4 degrees of freedom tractor model was developed to predict the bounce, pitch and roll motions of tractor. The front axle which is constrained to roll with respect to tractor body was also included in the model. A random road profile was generated and used as an excitation input to the tractor. Output vibrations of the model were predicted and analyzed by a computer simulation method. In general, longer tread tends to reduce rolling and longer wheelbase does bouncing and pitching motions. Tractor vibrations were minimum when the ratio of front to rear axle loads was in the range of 30:70-35:65. Sensitivity analysis showed that rolling and pitching motions most sensitively varied with changes in tread and wheelbase while bouncing motion did with the location of mass center.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.279-295
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• 2011

This paper develops a probabilistic methodology for the seismic reliability analysis of structures with random properties. The earthquake loading is assumed to be described in terms of response spectra. The proposed methodology takes advantage of the response spectra and thus does not require explicit dynamic analysis of the actual structure. Uncertainties in the structural properties (e.g. member cross-sections, modulus of elasticity, member strengths, mass and damping) as well as in the seismic load (due to uncertainty associated with the earthquake load specification) are considered. The structural reliability is estimated by determining the failure probability or the reliability index associated with a performance function that defines safe and unsafe domains. The structural failure is estimated using a performance function that evaluates whether the maximum displacement has been exceeded. Numerical illustrations of reliability analysis of elastic and elastic-plastic single-story frame structures are presented first. The extension of the proposed method to elastic multi-degree-of-freedom uncertain structures is also studied and a solved example is provided.